Preparing)Next)Genera.on)of)So2ware)Engineers) for)future)societal)challenges)and)opportuni.es))

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Marylou Flynn
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1 SSE 1 September 2015, Bergamo, Italy PreparingNextGenera.onofSo2wareEngineers forfuturesocietalchallengesandopportuni.es GordanaDodigCrnkovic ProfessorofComputerScience MälardalenUniversity,SchoolofInnova.on,DesignandEngineeringgordana.dodigIcrnkovic@mdh.se AssociateProfessor DepartmentofAppliedIT,DivisionofCogni.veScienceandCommunica.onattheUniversityofGothenburg gordana.dodigicrnkovic@chalmers.se 1

2 Facinggrandchallenges&opportuni.es The global community is facing Grand Challenges. The European Knowledge Society must tackle these through the best analysis, powerful ac.ons and increased resources. Challenges must turn into sustainable solu.ons( TheLundDeclara.on,2009[1] Natural'challenges:' Globalwarming,Insufficientsuppliesofenergy,waterandfood,Ageingsocie.es, Publichealth,pandemics,Security,Environmentaldegrada.on Unintended'consequences'of'technology'(together'with'opportuni9es'come'challenges:' AGI(ar.ficialgeneralintelligence,NanoItechnology,Biotechnology/Bioinforma.cs,Autonomous machinery and control: Big data, Internet of things internet of everything, Intelligent ci.es, Autonomous cars, Autonomous intelligent so2ware as control physical systems, informa.on systemsetc. Educa.onofnewgenera.onsofengineerso2enfocusontrainingabstractskillswithoutcarefulconsidera.onof theroleofembeddednessoftechnologyintocontext. 2

3 Responsibleresearchandinnova.on(RRI Global challenges and opportuni.es prompted Responsible ResearchandInnova.on(RRI,[2I4],definedas: a" transparent," interac,ve" process" by" which" societal" actors" and" innovators"become"mutually"responsive"to"each"other"with"a"view"to"the" (ethical" acceptability," sustainability" and" societal" desirability" of" the" innova,on"process"and"its"marketable"products"(in"order"to"allow"a"proper" embedding"of"scien,fic"and"technological"advances"in"our"society. Educa.onoffutureengineersshouldfollow! VonSchomberg[2] 3

4 Theuniversityofthefuture Thetransforma.onof ivorytower contextiindependenttosociallyi awareparadigminincreasinglyinforma.oni richknowledgeibasedsocie.es. Thetriplehelixmodelconnects: ACADEMIC BUSINESS GOVERMENT Inspired by biology: THE TRIPLE HELIX Gene, Organism, and Environment by Richard Lewontin /2014/09/triple-helix.png 4

5 Sciencewithandforsocietyworkprogramme Societal challenges for the 2020 are formulated in the Science with and for Society work programme, meant to help build effective cooperation between science and society, to recruit new talent for science and to pair scientific excellence with social awareness and responsibility Science with and for Society Work Programme This new approach encourages all stakeholders (involved citizens, researchers, business, policy makers, etc. to interact throughout the research and innovation process and to coordinate and align both the process and its outcomes with societal values and needs, in accordance with Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI. Societal values and needs: sustainability, safety, privacy, equity, diversity, etc. 5

6 Organiza.onaladapta.onintheeraof complexityandcon.nuouschange A necessity of defining social/organizational responsibility in addition to customary personal responsibility [7]. We should take into account both intended and unintended consequences of research and technology in a preferably anticipatory and learning process that will in the first place prevent incidents and accidents and in the worst case mitigate their consequences, [8-13]. Contemporary global society is organized in networks of networks of interacting agents. Each individual belongs to a variety of networks, which define their different roles as stakeholders in various aspects of research and technology. In this context complexity and transdisciplinarity /inter-disciplinarity comes as an important aspect of research and development. Values, priorities, actions are negotiated by stakeholders, globally. p. 6

7 Theuniquenessdebateandengineers teachingethics Insight about necessity of teaching and discussing ethics in educa.onleadstonewques.ons. Is ethics in engineering unique or is it a direct applica.on of exis.ngclassicalethicaltheories? Shouldexperiencedengineeringprofessionalsorphilosophers teachethicstoengineers? p. 7

8 Educa.ngengineersforthefuture Weareeduca.ngengineersthatwillsolvefutureproblems Futureisalreadyatourdoors Choicesaremadeallthe.meinthedesignandengineering

9 MDHPROFESSIONALETHICSCOURSE hkp:// ChalmersUniversityofTechnology RESEARCHETHICSANDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTCOURSE hkps:// tags=generic_skills&id=4409#.vlbc0ye0cgn

10 STAKEHOLDERS IN AN INDUSTRIAL PROJECT Clients Consumers Industry (Otherfirms Profession (Socie.es Engineeringfirm Family, Rela.ves, Friends (PrivateSphere Engineer Colleagues SocietyatLarge Nature Managers 10

11 STAKEHOLDERS IN A RESEARCH PROJECT Research Communi.es Interna.onalAcademic researchcommunity Professional Organiza.ons Socie.es Family, Rela.ves, Friends (PrivateSphere Academia PhDStudent Research group PhDAdvisors Financing bodies SocietyatLarge Nature 11

12 What is Research Ethics? The beauty of math, of course, is that we don t need an ethicist.

13 Micro Meso Exo Macro Domains of Research Ethics You will recognize this domain-based view in the analysis of many different types of problems organization of society, sustainability of cities, ecology, economics, ethical aspects etc. Source: American Psychological Association website

14 CONCLUSIONS With"respect"to"system"thinking,"a"TAshaped"person"is"one"who"has"technical"depth"in" at"least"one"aspect"of"the"system s"content,"and"a"workable"level"of"understanding"of"a" fair"number"of"the"other"system"aspects."many"pure"computer"science"graduates"are" strongly"iashaped,"with"a"great"deal"of"depth"in"soeware"technology,"but"lifle" understanding"of"the"other"disciplines"involved"in"such"areas"as"business,"medicine," transporta,on,"or"internet"of"things."this"leaves"them"poorly"prepared"to"par,cipate"in" the"increasing"numbers"of"projects"involving"mul,adiscipline"system"thinking. "Boehm andkoolmanojwongmobasser ResearchandInnova.onaresuppor.ngresearchprocessand productsofresearchthatwillcontributetotheadvancementof humanityandavertcatastrophiceventsorintheworstcase mi.gatetheirconsequences.theynecessitateeduca.onof engineerswithdevelopedsensi.vitytosocialaspectsof engineering,includingcoursesonresearchandengineering ethicsandsustainabledevelopment. p. 14

15 [1] TheLundDeclara.on,8July2009. REFERENCES hkp:// [2] VonSchomberg,R.2011.TowardsResponsibleResearchandInnova.oninthe Informa.onandCommunica.onTechnologiesandSecurityTechnologiesFields (November13,2011.hkp://dx.doi.org/ /ssrn [3] VonSchomberg,R.2013.AVisionofResponsibleResearchandInnova.on,in ResponsibleInnova.on,FirstEdi.on.Eds.RichardOwen,JohnBessantandMaggy Heintz.JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.Acons.tu.onforEurope. [4] Owen,R.,Macnaghten,P.M.,S.lgoe,J.2012.ResponsibleResearchand Innova.on:fromScienceinSocietytoScienceforSociety,withSociety.Scienceand PublicPolicy39(6:751/760. SWEDISHRESEARCHCOUNCILEXPERTGROUPFORETHICS hkp:// hkp:// p. 15

16 PEERREVIEWGUIDELINES&EXAMPLES hkp:// beeniaskeditoireview hkp:// peerreview.htm hkp:// peerireviewersbmjguidanceforpeerreviewers hkp://

17 SWEDISHRESEARCHETHICSRESOURCES hkp://codex.vr.se/en/index.shtmlcodexirulesandguidelines forresearch hkp:// 4.69f66a93108e85f68d htmlResearchEthicsfrom ResearchCouncil

18 RESEARCHETHICSRESOURCES hkp:// OnBeingaScien.st:AGuidetoResponsibleConductin Research:ThirdEdi.on hkp://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/ previous_issues/ar.cles/2010_11_19/caredit.a ResponsibleConductofResearchforJuniorResearchers (Science,November2010

19 RESEARCHETHICSRESOURCES hkp:// Code_Conduct_ResearchIntegrity.pdfTheEuropeanCodeof ConductforResearchIntegrity hkp:// berlin_declara.on.pdfberlindeclara.ononopenaccessto Knowledge hkp:// formanuscripts hkp://

Course Description (Master of Human Resource Management) MHRM

Course Description (Master of Human Resource Management) MHRM Programme Compulsory Courses: BA 601 - Scientific Research and Statistical Analysis Business research is crucial in building graduate capabilities