A Novel Algorithm for Four Phase (Multi-phase) Source Side Load Balancing and Power Factor Correction

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1 nterntonl Journl of Reent Trens n Engneerng, Vol, No. 3, My 009 A Novel Algorth for Four hse (Mult-phse Soure Se Lo Blnng n ower Ftor Correton Frst A. Zkr Husn, Seon B. R. K. Sngh n Thr C. S. N. Twr 3 Deprtent of Eletrl & Eletrons Engneerng, Ntonl nsttute of Tehnology, Hrpur (H., n El: zhusn@yhoo.o Deprtent of Eletrl Engneerng, MNNT, Allh, (U., n El: rksngh@nnt..n 3 S Meorl nsttute of Tehnology, Bht Mhgon, Kush (U. n El: sntwr@rffl.o Astrt Due to the potentl enefts resultng fro the use of ore thn the onventonl three phses n trnssson, soe nterest hs lso grown n the re of ult-phse (phse orer ore thn three hnes n reent yers. Mult-phse los prtulrly n the for of nverter fe nuton otor rves sute to hgh power n spelze ppltons, re reevng growng ttenton n the lterture. Ths ult-phse soure for suh rve pplton y e erve fro trnsforer onneton (3- phse to 4-phse or y DC lnk 4-phse nverters. These soures wll fe the prole of unlne, hron storton n poor power ftor operton. n vew of these evelopents, ths pper els wth the supply se lo lnng n power ftor orreton n suh lo ruts. The propose openston shee uses the shunt urrent soure openston whose nstntneous vlues re eterne y the nstntneous syetrl oponent theory. An el openstor n ple of physl relzton of the openstor hs een propose n for of urrent ontrolle voltge soure nverter. The openston shees evelope n the pper re teste for ther vlty on 4-phse (4-wre & 5-wre ruts through extensve sultons for unlne long n phse outges. The sulton results of the openston theory n the el openstor verfy the propose openston etho. nex Ters Copenstor, Lo lnng, Mult-phse, ower ftor orreton. NTRODUCTON Although ult-phse nuton otor rves hve een roun for ore thn 3 ees, t s the lst fve yers or so tht hve seen treenous nrese n the volue of reserh relte to these rve systes ue to ther severl nherent enefts [-0] suh s reue torque pulston, hron ontent n urrent per phse wthout nresng the voltge per phse, hgher rellty n nrese power n the se fre s opre to ther three-phse ounterprt. Mult-phse nverter fe nuton otor rves (espelly 4-phse Footnote: JJCE09-EE_R_50 o, Zkr Husn. EEED, NT Hrpur, (H., n, Mole: n 6-phse hve een foun to e qute prosng for hgh power rtngs n other spelze ppltons. The use of suh ult rves n eves y e sujete to phse outges, unlne s well s nonlner long slr to ther three-phse ounter prts. Suh ontons y le to vrety of unesrle effets on the supply syste suh s tonl losses n onnetng lnes n nterfng eves, oslltory torques n hnes, nrese rpple n retfers, lfuntonng n senstve equpents, hron n exessve neutrl urrents et. t s therefore esre to hve the lne power syste operton wth nu lower orer hrons even n the presene of suh opertons. A urrent lterture survey revels tht nuer of ethos hve een evolve for the openston of hrons n unlnes [-8] for the onventonl three phse systes. The jortes of the ethos re se on the nstntneous retve power theory [-6], theory of syetrl oponents [4-7], n referene fre theory [-4]. Utlzng these theoretl onepts, tehnques hve een evelope for lnng three phse lo [4-5], power ftor orreton [5-6]oltge regulton [-7] n eetng other ojetves. Ths pper resses the prole of lnng of n unlne 4-phse (ultphse lo n power ftor orreton on supply se extenng the well estlshe pproh [7] for 3-phsephse syste. Followng the pproh, the expressons of openston urrent for 4-phse (4-wre & 5-wre lo ruts hve een erve. The propose openston ethos hve een verfe y extensve sulton stues. The sulte results estlsh the vlty of the propose shee.. COMENSATON SYSTEM An el voltge soure s ssue to e onnete to n rtrry lo Z L, rwng unlne urrent fro the soure. To ke the soure urrents lne, n externl ontrolle urrent soure s propose to e onnete to the lo s shown n Fg.. Let t e lle 009 ACADEMY UBLSHER

2 nterntonl Journl of Reent Trens n Engneerng, Vol, No. 3, My 009 the openstor syste. elly t ust e ple of kng the soure urrent lne t esre power ftor. The pont of onneton of openstor to power syste s lle pont of oon onneton (CC. The propose openston shee n e pple to ether four-phse four-wre or four-phse fve-wre power syste. n four-phse four-wre str onnete lo, the oon pont of the lo n s solte fro N, the oon pont of soure where s n four-phse fve-wre syste, the neutrl pont s fore y onnetng the noes n n N n s lso onnete to the / openstor t ts oon pont n s shown n Fg.. Ths hs the vntge tht the openstor urrents,, n re urrents n nepenent ruts, n eh phse of the openstor n supply urrents nepenent of the other three phses whh perts to openste los ontnng zero sequene urrents. The shunt onneton of ontroller llows openstng hrons, retve power n syetres of soure urrents, use y non-lner n/or poor power ftor los. The expresson for openstor urrent wll e erve on the ss of nstntneous syetrl oponent nlyss of the lo urrent. N v s v s v s v s s s s s CC l l l l Lo Z L Lo Z L Lo Z L Lo Z L n' el urrent openstor Fg. Copenston shee for 4-phse str onnete lo.. NSTANTANEOUS SYMMETRCAL COMONENTS THEORY Aorng to Wgner et l [9], n unlne four phsors (urrents or voltges of four-phse syste n e resolve nto the four oponent systes of lne phsors (Fg. known s: The zero sequene syste (zero phse fferenes; Frst- (postve sequene syste (four phsors re sple 90 eg. reltve to eh other. The seon-sequene syste (two phsors re sple 80 eg. reltve to eh other, eh representng two phses, onsttutng two -phse zero sequenes n opposton; Thr-(negtve sequene systes (sequene n the opposte sense of rotton to tht of the frst- n sequene syste Let the four sequenes represente y ens of susrpts 0,,,3 n the orgnl unlne four-phse urrent phsors,,, wth phse sequene. The postve sequene oponents of lne fourphse urrents,,, hve orgnl phse sequene lke the orgnl unlne four-phse urrents. The other three sets of oponents re s shown n Fg ( Zero sequene syste ( Frst-(ostve sequene syste ( Seon sequene syste ( Thr-(negtve sequene syste Fg. Syetrl Coponents of Four-hse Syste As the orgnl unlne four-phse phsors re resolve nto four oponents, the oponents when they re e yel the orgnl phsors. Therefore A. Four-phse opertor To express phsors lgerlly, let the four-phse oplex opertor e efne s, jπ / exp 0 j 0.. Any operton wth ths opertor wll result n shft y 90 0 s shown n the Fg Fg. 3 hsor gr of the vrous powers of opertor Soe of the propertes of opertor re surzes n ( ( ACADEMY UBLSHER

3 nterntonl Journl of Reent Trens n Engneerng, Vol, No. 3, My j j 0.0 ( j B. Trnsforton The syetrl oponents,, 3, 0 of four-phse syste efne ove y e represente n trx for y ( (3 3 3 The nverse reltonshp of equton (3 n e wrtten s 0 3 (/ 4 (4 3 3 Wth the onventonl rotton of urrent vetors n ounter-lokwse reton, the nstntneous vlue of the urrents n e eterne n n e expresse s follows. 0 3 (/ 4 (5 3 3 lese note tht the fferene etween (4 n (5 of phsor urrent n nstntneous urrent, the trnsfore urrents 0,, & 3 re the nstntneous syetrl oponents of phse urrents. Mthetlly, t n e seen tht nstntneous vetors n 3 re oplex onjugte to eh other n 0 s rel quntty, f nstntneous soure urrents re lne. The neutrl urrent wll e non-zero f n nstntneous urrent phsors re unlne n s lso equl to. 4 o The nstntneous syetrl oponentv 0 & v 3 of phse voltge v n e wrtten s n ter of s v v v v v 0 3 (/ 4 3 v 3 v v v V. CALCULATON OF COMENSATOR CURRENTS The prnple of openston s se on the ft tht t s possle to opute, the openstor urrent for syste n rel te shown n Fg. suh tht the soure urrent (whh s su of the lo urrent n the openstor urrent s lne n hs the esre phse ngle. Ths openstor urrent s lulte on the ss of nstntneous syetrl oponent nlyss of the lo urrent. An explt relton for the referene urrent wll e erve n ths seton y pplyng ult-phse nstntneous power syetrl oponent trnsforton. A openste soure s gong to hve lne supply urrents n therefore ts zero sequene oponents wll e zero. Tht s, s s s s 0 (7 The lne phse urrents t esre power ftor ngle φ n e trnslte wth the help of (5 & (6 nto yet nother equton (8 3 3 { vs vs vs vs} { s s s s} φ (8 The nstntneous power n 4-phse 5-wre syste s gven y v v v v (9 s s s s s s s s lvg jπ / Solvng (8, y tkng e we otn φ / ( A B (0 Where A vs j vs, B s j s Tkng tngent on oth ses of (0, the followng relton s otne. vss vss ξ ( vss vss Where, ξ tn(φ / Equton ( n e splfe n equton ( n e erve. vs vsξ s s vs v ( s Also (9 n e splfe to erve (3 s vs s vs lvg / (3 Eployng the ft (Fg. ( thts s, s, s n solvng (3 n ( together, the soure urrents re otne n s gven n (3. ( ACADEMY UBLSHER

4 nterntonl Journl of Reent Trens n Engneerng, Vol, No. 3, My 009 vs vsξ vs vsξ s, ± lvg ( s, ± (4 v ( lvg s v s v s v s t s possle to wrte fro Fg p l p s p ( p,, (5 Usng (4 n (5, equton (6 s otne for genertng openstor urrent vs vsξ l l vg ( vs vs v s vsξ l l vg ( vs vs (6 vs vs ξ l l vg ( v s vs vs vs ξ l l vg ( vs vs Wth the vent of hgh spee DS proessor oputtonl spee hs reue sustntlly hene, relton for the openstor gven y (6 n e opute onlne n therefore ontrolle urrent soure n e relze s openstor for lo lnng. V. SMULATON RESULTS The propose openston shee for four-phse syste hs een verfe y sulton. n ths seton, the sulton results wll e presente n susse. A. Four-phse fve wre syste The syste shown n Fg. hs the followng speftons. The voltges v s (,, n penes Z (,, re gven n (7 n (8respetvely. v s 35.6sn(00π t * π / (7 Where * 0,,, 3 orrespons to phse,, respetvely Z 5 j0, Z 0 j0, Z 0 j0, Z 05 j05 (8 n the sulton results, the syste works wth unlne lo for one yle (0.0 se n runs for nother fve yle (0.0 se wth the propose openstor. t n e seen fro Fg. 4( n Fg. 4( tht the soure urrents ( s p ( p,, n lo urrents ( l p ( p,, re equl n unlne when openstor s off. At the te 0.0 se., the openstor s turne on the soure urrents eoe perfetly lne s shown n Fg. 4(. n orer to openste unlne lo urrents, the nstntneous openstor urrents ( p ( p,, eoe unlne orngly s shown n Fg. 4 (. Fg phse 5-wre supply syste wth n wthout openstor The nstntneous powers (soure & lo powers n neutrl urrents (soure & lo neutrl urrents re plotte n Fg. 5. t n e seen fro Fg. 5( tht efore openston, tht s, when openstor s swthe off, soure power ( s n lo power ( l re equl n gntue n oslltng n nture ue to unlne n lo urrents. But fter openston when openstor s turne on the oslltng oponent of power n soure ttns stey stte vlue s n e seen fro Fg. 5 ( whle lo power s oslltng n nture s shown n Fg. 5 (. The power evelope n the openstor ( urng ts presene s lso foun unlne n shown n Fg. 5(. Moreover, the soure neutrl urrent ( ttns zero vlue when the openstor s turne on n n e seen fro Fg. 5( s t lnes the soure urrents. t n thus e nferre tht the su of the nstntneous openstor urrents s equl to lo neutrl urrent (. l n Fg. 5 Vrton of power n neutrl urrent for 4-phse 5-wre supply syste s N 009 ACADEMY UBLSHER 36

5 nterntonl Journl of Reent Trens n Engneerng, Vol, No. 3, My 009 The vrton of o-phsors-voltge n urrents shows unty power ftor operton wth openstor s t s event fro Fg. 6 t n e seen fro (8 tht penes re unlne n hve retve eleents, ut the urrents re not only lne ut lso operte t unty power ftor wth openstor Fg. 8 Vrton of power n neutrl urrent for the phse outge (, of lo for 4-phse 5-wre supply syste Fg. 6. (-( (:0 Sle soure voltges (sol lne, soure urrents (she lne lo urrents (hr sol lne 5-wre supply syste B. Lo openston for phse outges As stte erler tht vntge of ultphse los lke otor s n ts plty to operte wth phse outges. The otor opertes wth egre perforne n soure sees n unlne operton n therefore other los onnete to suh soure get ffete. The propose openstor hs lso een teste wth vrous onton of phse outges n t hs een foun tht t works stsftorly even wth two phses open (wth phse outges (, n 4- phse soure. The results re shown n Fg.7 to Fg. 9. Fg. 7 Vrton of lo urrents, soure urrents n openstor urrents when two phse (, re out (fro lo se fro 4-phse 5-wre syste. Fg. 9.(- ( (:0 Sle soure voltges (sol lne, soure urrents (she lne, lo urrents (hr sol lne n (e openstor urrents for phse outges (, 4-phse 5wre supply syste t n e oserve fro Fg. 7( n Fg. 8 ( tht the soure urrents n power re lne when openstor s on. The voltge n urrent wvefors t unty power ftor re portrye n Fg. 9. V. CONCLUSON resent pper onerns wth novel lgorth for lo lnng n power ftor orreton on soure se for 4-phse (ultphse lo rut n the event of lner unlne long n phse outges hve een propose. The propose shee hs een verfe y sultons usng MATLAB. t s foun tht unty power ftor operton of the soure s possle. A etle stuy on soure voltges, lo urrents, soure urrents, neutrl urrents n openstor urrents hs lso een e urng non-openstng n openstng pero. The vrtons of the lo, soure n openstor powers re lso nlyze. The sultons hve onfre unty power ftor operton of the soure n ll ses s evene y the voltge n urrent wvefors. t hs een shown tht unty power ftor operton of the soure s possle. An nterestng spet tht hs een oserve n the sulton stuy s tht 4-phse (ult-phse syste equppe wth ult-phse openstor n work wth 009 ACADEMY UBLSHER 363

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