Balancing of Unbalanced Load and Power Factor Correction in Multi-phase (4-phase) Load Circuits using DSTATCOM

Transcription

1 roeengs of the Worl Congress on Engneerng 010 Vol, June 30 - July, 010, Lonon, U.K. Blnng of Unlne Lo n ower Ftor Correton n Mult-phse (4-phse Lo Cruts usng DSTATCOM Zkr Hun, Rner Kumr Sngh n Shr Nws Twr Astrt Mult-phse los (phses more thn three he gne growng ttenton n the reent pst. Suh los espelly n the form of nerter fe nuton motor res re sute to hgh power n spelze ppltons. The mult-phse soure for suh re ppltons my e ere from trnsformer onneton (3-phse to 4-phse or y DC lnk 4-phse nerter. Howeer, these soures my fe the prolems of unlne, hrmon storton n poor power ftor operton. n ew of these shortomngs, ths pper els wth the supply se lo lnng n power ftor orreton n suh mult-phse lo ruts. As n llustrton four-phse lo s ssume. The propose ompenton sheme uses the shunt urrent soure ompenton whose nstntneous lues re etermne y the nstntneous symmetrl omponent theory. An el ompentor n ple of physl relzton of the ompentor hs een propose n the form of urrent ontrolle oltge soure nerter. The ompenton sheme eelope n the pper s teste for ts lty on 4-phse (4-wre & 5-wre ruts through extense smultons for unlne long n phse outges. The smulton results for the ompenton theory n the el ompentor erfy the propose ompenton metho. nex Terms Lo lnng, ower ftor orreton, Compentor, DSTATCOM, Mult-phse. NTRODUCTON Mult-phse mhne res re gnng growng ttenton [1-8] n reent yers ue to ther seerl nherent enefts. Suh enefts nlue reue torque pulton, hrmon ontent, urrent per phse (wthout nresng the oltge per phse, hgher rellty n nrese power n the me frme s ompre to ther three phse ounterprt. Mult-phse nerters fe nuton motor res he een foun to e qute promsng for hgh power rtngs n other spelze ppltons. The use of suh res n ees present mult-phse lo ruts tht my get phse outges, unlne s well s non-lner longs smlr to ther three-phse ounter prts. Suh ontons my le to rety of unesrle effets on the supply system suh s tonl losses n onnetng lnes n nterfng ees, oslltory torques n mhnes, nrese rpple n retfers, mlfuntonng n senste equpments, hrmon Zkr Hun s wth the Deprtment of Eletrl Engneerng, Ntonl nsttute of Tehnology (H., n (phone: ; fx: ; e-ml: zhun@ yhoo.om. Rnr Kumr s wth Deprtment of Eletrl Engneerng, MNNT, Allh, n (e-ml: rksngh@mnnt..n. Shr Nws Twr s wth the SMT Bht Mogon, Allh, n (e-ml: sntwr1@rffml.om. SSN: (rnt; SSN: (Onlne n exesse neutrl urrents et. t s therefore esre to he the lne power system operton wth mnmum lower orer hrmons een n the presene of suh opertons. Current lterture surey reels tht numer of methos he een eole for the ompenton of hrmons n unlnes [9-4] for the onentonl three phse systems. The mjorty of the methos re se on the nstntneous rete power theory [9-14], theory of symmetrl omponents [1-15], n referene frme theory [0-]. Utlzng these theoretl onepts, tehnques he een eelope for lnng three phse lo [1-13] n power ftor orreton [13-14], oltge regulton [10-15] n meetng other ojetes. Ths pper presents noel sheme se on nstntneous symmetrl omponents for lnng the unlne mult-phse (4-phse lo n power ftor orreton on supply se usng n el swth se ompentor. The propose ompenton sheme s erfe y extense smulton stues. The smulte results estlsh the lty of the propose sheme.. MULTHASE COMANSATON SYSTEM A. Compenton rnple The s ompenton sheme for mult-phse (4-phse lo supply from lne stff mult-phse soure s shown n Fg. 1 elow. N s s s s s s s s CC l l l l Lo Z L Lo Z L Lo Z L Lo Z L n ' el urrent ompentor Fg.1 Compenton sheme for 4-phse str onnete lo. n ths sheme, the ompentor represente y urrent soures s onnete n prllel wth the los t noe lle ommon pont of ouplng (CC. t s esgne to supply the rete power, where s te power s supple from the soure. The sngle phse mpene los onnete n str formton n represent generl 4-phse lo or multphse lo. The gol of the sheme s to extrt the ompentor urrents from the mesure rut rles, whh mke the unlne los on the soure se lne. The propose sheme n e pple to 4-phse, 4-wre system or 4-phse, 5-wre system y soltng or onnetng the n

2 roeengs of the Worl Congress on Engneerng 010 Vol, June 30 - July, 010, Lonon, U.K. ommon ponts N n n respetely, s shown Fg.1. The nstntneous ompentor urrents re formulte on the ss of nstntneous symmetrl omponent nlyss of the lo urrent. B. nstntneous Symmetrl Component Theory Let the unlne four phse nstntneous lo urrents e enote y,,, wheres the orresponng sets of four lne symmetrl omponents re represente y 0, 1,, 3. The power nrnt nstntneous symmetrl omponents of these omponents re gen y = 1 m m m (1 4 1 m 1 m m m m where, m exp ( j / All the four omponents re grphlly represente n Fg ( Zero sequene system ( Frst-(postesequene system ( Seon sequene system ( Thr (negte sequene omponents systems Fg. Symmetrl Components of Four-hse System The zero sequene system (zero phse fferenes; Frst-(poste sequene system (four phsors re sple 90 eg. relte to eh other. The seon-sequene system (two phsors re sple 180 eg. relte to eh other, eh representng two phses, onsttutng two -phse zero sequenes n opposton; Thr (-e sequene systems (sequene n the opposte sense of rotton to tht of the frst-sequene system t n e seen tht the nstntneous etors 1 n 3 re omplex onjugte n 0 s rel quntty, f nstntneous soure urrents re lne. The neutrl urrent n = wll e non-zero f nstntneous urrent phsors re unlne n equl to 4 0 C. Derton of Referene Currents As known from the symmetrl omponent theory, lne system of urrent, the zero sequene omponents wll he zero summton lue. Aorngly, to proe lne soure urrents, the zero sequene omponents e together must e zero.e. 0 ( s s Let Φ e the esre power ftor ngle etween 1 n m m m m m m (3 s s 3 s 3 s 3 3 The nstntneous power n 4-phse 5-wre system s gen y s s s s (4 lg / ( A B m Solng (3, y tkng we otn / ( A B (5 where, A j, B j Tkng tngent on oth ses of (5, the followng relton s otne (6 where, ξ tn( / Smplfyng (6, we get (7 Equton (4, on smplfton, ges / (8 lg e j / For lne operton, ll sequene omponents exept poste sequene wll e zero. Employng the ft (Fg. tht,, n solng (8 n (7, the soure s s urrents re otne s s, lg s, (9 lg s possle to wrte (from Fg. 1 ( p,,, (10 p l p s p Usng (9 n (10, the referene urrents for ompentor re otne s s s l l g ( s s s l l g ( s s (11 s s l l g ( s s s l l g ( s. A FOUR HASE COMENSATON REALZATON Current ontrolle oltge soure nerter my e use prtlly for relzton of the ompentor. Usng ths prnple, n el swth se ompentor s propose. Let t e lle s four-phse DSTATCOM s ts rut topology s n extenson of onentonl three-phse DSTATCOM. A. Topology of four-phse ompentor The topology of the propose four-phse DSTATCOM hs een ere from ts three-phse ounterprt where n nerter rut s employe wth self-hrge ptor s DC soure n unlne lo rut onnete t CC s lo to the nerter. The propose four-phse ompentor onssts of four rms of sngle-phse H-rge nerter SSN: (rnt; SSN: (Onlne

3 roeengs of the Worl Congress on Engneerng 010 Vol, June 30 - July, 010, Lonon, U.K. ruts s shown n Fg. 3 wth splt ptor for prong the neutrl pont n of the ompentor. A sngle ptor nste of two ptors n e use f neutrl pont of the onerter s not requre s n four-phse four-wre system. n se of two-ptor topology, t hs een reporte n lterture tht ptor oltges eomes unlne n therefore my le to unstle operton n three-phse rut. To o the unlne operton of ptors, hopper n e use to lne the ptor oltge. The hopper s ontrolle n suh wy tht ptor oltges re ynmlly regulte to he equl erge oltge. l Lo A The soures re ssume to e el n the mpene loks shown n Fg. 1 express los for eh phse. For the physl relzton of the onerter rut, the loss ourrng n ll elements of the ompentor n onnetng nutor or trnsformer must e ompente y exhnge of rel power from soure to DC se ptor of the DSTATCOM. Therefore the referene urrents expresse n (11 re reple y tonl loss term ( loss n the power. The mofe erson for ompentor urrent for phse- s gen y l ( plg / ploss (14 N s s l l Lo B Lo C n C. Mthemtl Moellng n Smulton for 4-phse DSTACOM S h 1 R h L h S h s 0 n' V 1 V s 1 S S 1 S 1 S S 1 S l 4 phse D Sttom S Lo D Fg. 3 Four-phse 5-wre struton system wth DSTATCOM B. Anlyss of four-phse DSTACOM To llustrte the workng of the onerter, phse - of the 4-phse ompentor shown n Fg. 3 hs een nlyze. The equlent rut of phse wth swth S 1 lose s shown n Fg. 4. The urrent through the swth S 1 s the seres urrent, whh n e etermne y pplyng KVL n the rut. n' V 1 V 1 S 1 S R Fg. 4 Equlent Crut for phse operton of the onerter wth swth S 1 s lose. The resultng equton s gen y R V S V 1 S t L L L (1 where S s swthng funton efne y (1 n S omplement of the swthng funton of S.. 1 S 0 f swth s otherwse on L S 1 L R (13 The stte spe equtons hs een wrtten n terms of the swthng funtons ( S, of the onerter n ( u Sl S S & of hopper of the DSTATCOM R V S V 1 S t L L L R V 1 V s S S t L L L L R V 1 V s S S t L L L L R V 1 V s S S t L L L L (15 The hopper ynms hs een relze y wrtng the stte spe equtons for the rut shown n Fg. 3. Let 1 n e the urrents n rut of the hopper (Fg. 3 then (16 n (17 represent the relton of these n terms of swthng funton n the onerter urrents. S * S * S * S * 1 (16 S * (17 S * S * S * The fnl expressons (18 - (0 n e otne y pplyng the prnple of KCL n KVL V 1 h S * S * S * S * Su * t C C C C C (18 V h S* S * S * S * Sl * t C C C C C (19 h R h V 1 V S u S l t L L L (0 h h The rles use n the expressons (18-(0 re nte n the rut grms. The ptor oltges erese f not ompente for the losses n the onnetng trnsformer/ nutor, whh n e ounte y hngng the uty yle of the hopper. The hnge n uty of the hopper s se on the hnge n the ptor oltge from the set referene oltge. The fferene n the ptor oltge n set oltge (.e. the error oltge s put forwr to proportonl - ntegrl ( ontroller. The ontroller estmtes the loss omponent s stte n (14 n etermnes the uty yle of the hopper to mntn the ptor oltge t pre h SSN: (rnt; SSN: (Onlne

4 roeengs of the Worl Congress on Engneerng 010 Vol, June 30 - July, 010, Lonon, U.K. spefe set referene oltge. The set lues re tken pproxmtely 1.3 tmes the pek AC oltge of the soure oltge for ompentor to work tsftorly V. SMULATON STUDES The propose ompenton sheme for 4-phse system s erfe y smulton. n ths seton, the smulton results re presente n susse A. Stuy of Smulton The oltges s (,,, n mpenes Z (,,, re gen elow n (1 n ( respetely. s 35.6 sn(100 t * / (1 where, = 0, 1,, 4 orresponng to phse,,, respetely. 15 j10, 10 j5, 10 j0, Z Z Z 15 j10 ( The solton trnsformer prmeters re tken s follows: R= 1Ω n L= 00 mh. The ontrol prmeters for regultng the ptor oltge of the hopper re juste heurstlly n re gen s K 1 n K p s p The nerter urrent n ptor he oltge hysteress n of 100 ma n 40 V respetely. t s esre to get unty power ftor operton for soure. The system s run, wth unlne lo for one yle (0.0 se whh follows turnng on of the DSTATCOM. The system s run wth unlne lo for one yle (0.0 se n run for nother fe yles (0.10 se wth the propose ompentor. t n e seen from Fg. 5( n Fg. 5( tht the soure urrents (p =,,, n lo urrents l p (p =,,, re equl n unlne when ompentor s off. At the tme 0.0 se., the ompentor s turne on the soure urrents eome perfetly lne s shown n Fg. 4(. n orer to ompente unlne lo urrents, the nstntneous ompentor urrents p (p =,,, eome unlne orngly s shown n Fg. 5 (. Z when ompentor s swthe off, soure power n lo power he the me mgntue n re of oslltng nture s shown n Fg. 6 (. Ths s ue to unlne n lo urrents. But fter ompenton (when ompentor s turne on the soure power ttns stey stte lue s n e seen from Fg. 6 (, whle lo power s oslltng Fg. 6 (. Moreoer, the soure neutrl urrent ttns zero lue when the ompentor s turne on n n e seen from Fg. 6( s t lnes the soure urrents. Ths lso mples tht the sum of the nstntneous ompentor urrents s equl to lo neutrl urrent Fg. 6 Vrton of powers n neutrl urrents for 4-phse 5-wre supply system Co-phsors rton of oltge n urrent show unty power ftor operton wth ompentor s eent from Fg. 7 (-( Fg. 7 (-( (1:10 sle soure oltges (sol lne, soure urrents (she lne (e rton of ompentor urrents portryng unty power ftor operton for 4-phse 5-wre supply system t s to e note tht the ptor oltge remns onstnt s n e seen from Fg. 8. lese note tht the ptor oltge s ssume to e ntlly hrge or pre-hrge Fg. 5 Vrton of soure oltges n lo, soure n ompentor Currents of 4-phse 5-wre supply system The three nstntneous powers nmely soure; lo n ompentor powers re shown n Fg. 6 ( & (, whle two neutrl urrents (soure & lo neutrl urrents re plotte n Fg. 6 (. t n e seen tht efore ompenton, tht s, SSN: (rnt; SSN: (Onlne

5 roeengs of the Worl Congress on Engneerng 010 Vol, June 30 - July, 010, Lonon, U.K. Fg.8 Cptor oltge rton B. Lo Compenton for phse outges As stte erler tht ntge of multphse los (suh s motor s n ts plty to operte wth phse outges. The motor opertes wth egre performne n soure sees n unlne operton n therefore other los onnete to suh soure get ffete. The propose ompentor hs lso een teste wth rous omnton of phse outges n t hs een foun tht t works tsftorly een wth two phses open (wth phse outges, n four-phse soure. The results re shown n Fg. 9 to Fg. 11. t n e seen from Fg. 9 & 10 tht soure urrents n soure power re lne wheres the soure neutrl urrent goes to zero wth ompentor on s t lne soure neutrl urrents whh mples tht sum of the nstntneous ompentor urrents s equl to lo neutrl urrent n se of phse outges too. Fg. 11 (-( (1:0 sle soure oltges (sh lne, soure urrents (sol lne & (e rton of ompentor urrents portryng unty power ftor operton for phse outge (, of the lo for 4-phse 5-wre supply system Fg. 1 shows tht the ptor oltges remn onstnt Fg. 1 show ptor oltge rton for phse outges (, of lo Fg. 9 Vrton of soure oltge & rous urrents for the phse outge (, of the lo for 5-wre supply system V. CONCLUSON n ths pper, the prolem of lo lnng n power ftor orreton t the soure se for mult-phse lo ruts n the eent of lner unlne long n phse outges s resse. For the purpose, mult-phse ompentor (4-phse hs een relze s mult-phse DSTATCOM extenng the pproh eelope for three phse system n the lterture. The ynm ehour of the ompentor s lso smulte urng the lo ompenton proess. An elorte stuy hs lso een me on soure oltges, lo urrents, soure urrents, n ompentor urrents urng non-ompentng n ompentng pero. The ptor oltge rtons n the rton of the lo n soure powers re lso nlyze. The rton of the ompentor power t the tme of ts rse hs een explne. The nlyss hs onfrme unty power ftor operton of the soure n ll ses s eene y the oltge n urrent weforms. Fg. 10 Vrton of power n neutrl urrent for phse outge (, of lo for 5-wre supply system REFERENCES [1] G. K. Sngh, Mult-phse nuton mhne re reserh- surey, Eletr. ower Syst. Res., Vol. 61, 00, pp [] Cursno Brnão Jon, Chrstn Cér e Azeeo, Antono Mrus Noguer Lm, Luz Antono e Souz Rero, Onlne Estmton of the Sttor Resstne n Lekge nutne of Four-phse nuton SSN: (rnt; SSN: (Onlne

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