Algological Investigations of Hungarian Forest Soils III. Soil Algal Surface Communities in Mts. Mátra

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1 ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS HUNGARICI Tomus 67. Budapest Algological Investigations of Hungarian Forest Soils III. Soil Algal Surface Communities in Mts. Mátra by Zs. P.-KOMÁROMY, Budapest Abstract Some samples from soil algal coats were collected in Mts. Mátra. 15 alga species were identified : 4 Cyanophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae, 2 Xanthophyceae and 5 Diatomophyeeae. The species are briefly described here, and it is the first time that they are reported from the soil of Mts. Mátra. With 15 figures. In March, 1973 when I collected soil algal samples in the forests of Mts. Mátra, I found many algal coats on the soil surface (soil algal communities from the surface) in the environs of the villages Mátrafüred and Parádóhuta. These algae were on footpaths and on brook's banks, moistened by melting snow. I cut many samples from these algal coats, different sizes of 1 centimeter thickness. The soil samples were placed into sterile Petri dishes. From these samples 15 alga species were identified including 4 Cyanophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae, 2 Xanthophyceae and 5 Diatomophyceae. The species briefly described below are reported for the first time from the soil of Mts. Mátra. CYANOPHYCEAE Phormidium autumnale (AG.) GOM. (Fig. 1) - The colonies are blue-green, yellowish or lilac in colour. Trichomes are straight 5 6 jxm wide with humped and tapered end. The sheaths are hyaline and thin. The cells are quadrangular 3 6 pun long and 5 6 pirn wide with granules on the cross walls. The apical cell is headed with calyptra. Occurrence: on moist soil near the vülage Mátrafüred. Phormidium tenue (MENEGH.) GOM. (Fig. 2) Trichomes are bent densely, entangled with light blue-green colour. The end of trichomes is straight. The cells are jim wide and 2 3 pun long and slightly constricted at the septa. The end cells are attenuated. The sheaths are hyaline. The end cell is acute-conical. The centroplasma of the cells is well distinguishable. Occurrence: on soil surface near Mátrafüred and on Mt. Som (near Parádóhuta). Phormidium valderianum (DELP.) GOM. (Fig. 3) Colonies are brownish-grey. Trichomes are 2 3 pim wide, bent densely entangled. The sheath of the young filaments is thin and hyaline. The mature sheaths are thick with dark brownish colour. There are many mature sheaths without filaments. Trichomes are 2 urn wide with blue-green colour. The cells are 2 5 [im long with 1 2 granules on the cross walls. The apical cell is broadly rounded without calyptra. Occurrence : on moist soil near Mátrafüred. Tolypothrix tenuis KÜTZ. (Fig. 4) The plant mass is bright blue-green in colour. The trichomes are pim wide. The filaments are pun in width. The cells are essentially quadrate and not constricted at the septa. The false branches occur singly at a heterocyst, the latter is spherical or quadrate, 6 8 pom in diameter. Occurrence: on footpath on Mt. Som. Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 67, 1975

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3 CHLOROPHYCEAE Chlorella botryoides B. PETERSEN (Fig. 5) The growth consisted of round cells of diverse size, the biggest cells measuring pim, the smallest ones 3 7 pim in diameter. The large parietal ehloroplast was distinctly lobed. In the large cells an ellipsoidal pyrenoid was embedded in the ehloroplast, but in the small ones the pyrenoid was not always visible. Small oil drops were scattered in the cytoplasm. Some of the larger cells showed formation of some (4 8) autospores, liberated by irregular rupture of the cell wall. Occurrence: on moist soil ou Mt. Som. Chloroeoccum humicolum (NAEG.) RABENH. (Fig. 6) The individual cells vary in diameter between (j and 12 pun, being round or flattened by contact with the neighbouring- cells. The cell wall is thin. The cells have a parietal pot-shaped ehloroplast with a single pyrenoid. Many cells often unite into families, involved in a common hyaline tegument. Reproduce by zoospores and autospores as well. The zoospores (5 9 pim long, 3 6 urn wide) are biflagellate, ellipsoidal in shape with a cup-shaped ehloroplast and a small stigma. When swarrners come to rest they become rounded. The swarmers frequently act as gametes, pairs of them becoming entangled by their flagella and gradually fuse. No morphological difference was apparent between the zoospores and gametes. Sometimes rounded autospores are formed and liberated by the rupture of the wall or by its gradual gelatinization. Oocyst is asymmetr ira W. WEST (Fig. 8) The cells are asymmetrical oval or spherical. On one side they are more convex than on other. The cells are 2 10 pim wide and 8 13 pim long. The cell wall is thick with a little thickening at each pole. The ehloroplast is parietal with toothed edge. There is one pyrenoid embedded in the ehloroplast. Reproduce by autospores. Occurrence: on soil surface near Mátrafüred and on Mt. Som (on brook's bank). XANTHOPHYCEAE Occurrence: on Mt. Som (on brook's bank) among other species. Keratoeoccus bicaudatus (HANSG.) B. PETERSEN (Fig. 7) The cells are spindel-shaped with longer or shorter acumination and they have thin walls. The cells are pim long. The width at the broadest part of the cell is from 5 urn to 7 pim. The ehloroplast is parietal a n d sometimes folded w i t h or w i t h o u t p y r e n o i d. T h e c y t o p l a s m o f t h e older cells is g r a n u lar. Reproduction: by 2 4 autospores. Occurrence: on brook's bank on Mt. Som and on moist soil near the village Parádóhuta. Chlorocloster simplex PASCH. (Fig. 9) The cells are slightly bended, spindle-shaped 13 1G pim long and 4 5 pim wide, with tapered and rounded ends. The ehloroplast usually is a parietal lamella with folded edge. The cytoplasm often contains some oil drops. Reproduction by autospores. Occurrence: on moist soil near the village Mátrafüred and on Mt. Vár near Parádóhuta. Monodus subterranea B. PETERSEN (Fig. 10) The cells are ovoid or oblong ovate 7 9 pim long and 3 4 pim wide. One of the poles is broadly rounded, the other pointed. The ehloroplast is a single parietal lamella sometimes folded. The cytoplasm is frequently granular with small oil drops. Reproduction by autospores. Occurrence: on moist soil in Tariska meadow near the village Parádóhuta. Figs = Phormidium autumnale (AG.) GOM. 2 = Phormidium-tenue (.M ENKGU.) GOM. 3 = I J hormidium valderianum (DEEP.) GOM. 4 = Tolypothrix tenuis KÜTZ. 5 = Chlorella botryoides B. PETERSEN (3 Chloroeoccum humicolum (NAEG.) RABENH. In the figures 10 pim is equal with 20 mm.

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5 DIATOMOPHYCEAE Hantzschia amphyoxis (EHR.) GRTJN. (Fig. 11) The valves are concave in the middle of one side and convex on the other with rounded poles. The cells are pun long and pim wide in the middle. The transversal striations are parallel, there are in 10 pim. Occurrence : on moist soil near Mátrafüred. Navicula mutica KÜTZ. (Fig. 12) The valves are oval with rounded apices, they are pim long and pim wide. The axial area is narrow and linear. The central area is circular-rectangular. There are radial transapical striae in 10 pim, they are punctate. Occurrence: on soil surface near Mátrafüred and on footpath on Mt. Som. Navicula gibbula CLEVE (Fig. 13) The valves are elliptic with widely rounded apices. The cells are pim long and 6 10 pim wide. The axial area is narrow and linear, widening in the middle, due to the regular shortening of the central striae, to form an elliptical central area. The transapical striae are slightly radial at the centre becoming parallel at the poles. The striae are punctate, there are striae in 10 pim. Occurrence: on soil surface near Mátrafüred. Pinnularia borealis EHR. (Fig. 14) The valves are linear-elliptic with slightly concave or straight sides. The apices are widely rounded. The cells are pim long and pim wide. The axial area is small, widening in the middle. The raphe is linear, it is becoming filiform near the poles. The transapical costae are 4 5 in 10 pim. They are parallel or slightly convergent, regularly shortening at the centre. Occurrence: Tariska meadow near Parádóhuta and near Mátrafüred. Pinnularia subcapitata GREGORY (Fig. 15) The valves are linear-elliptic or lanceolate with slightly concave or straight sides. The cells are pim long (to 50 pim) and 5 6 pim wide. The axial area is narrow. The raphe is filiform near the poles. The central area may form a transverse fascia of varying width. There are transapical striae in 10 pim, slightly convergent at the centre. Occurrence: Tariska meadow near Parádóhuta. References GEITLER, L. (1932): Cyanophyceae. RABENHORT'S Kryptogamen-Flora, 14, Leipzig. PASCHER, A. (1939): Heteroconten. RABENHORT'S Kryptogamen-Flora, 11, Leipzig. PASCHER, A. ( ): Die Süsswasser-Flora Mitteleuropas, Jena. Author's address: Zs. P.-KOMAHOMY Botanical Department Hungarian Natural History Museum H-1146 Budapest, Vajdahuny ad vár Hungary Figs = Keratococcus bicaudatus (HANSG.) B. PETERSEN 8 = Oocytis asymmetrica W. WEST 9 = G hlorocloster simplex PASCH. 10 = Monodus subterranea B. PETERSEN 11 = Hantzschia amphyoxis (EHR.) GRTJN. 12 = Navicula mutica KÜTZ. 13 = Navicula gibbula CLEVE 14 = Pinnularia borealis EHR. 15 Pinnularia subcapitata GREGORY. In the figures 10 pim is equal with 20 mm.

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