Chapter 9: Chemical Quantities. Chemical Equation Information Mole-Mole Relationships Mass Calculations

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1 Chapter 9: Chemical Quantities Chemical Equation Information Mole-Mole Relationships Mass Calculations

2 Vocabulary-6 words 1. Stoichiometry 2. Limiting reactant 3. Theoretical yield 4. Excess reactant 5. Actual yield 6. Percent yield

3 Learning Target You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

4 Chemical Equations Information Carbon monoxide reacts with hydrogen gas to produce methanol (methyl alcohol), CH 3 OH. The balanced equation for this reaction is below: CO + 2H 2 (g) CH 3 OH What is the ratio of CO molecules to H 2 molecules to CH 3 OH molecules? Using 1 mole of CO How many moles of H 2 would be needed? How many moles of CH 3 OH would be formed? You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

5 Mole Relationships A mole ratio is something that gets you from moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a chemical equation #1: Moles of what you have (given) (substance A) #2: Moles of what you need (asked for) (substance B) You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

6 Mole Relationships Example: Water is decomposed using an electric current. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. How many moles of hydrogen gas will be produced by the decomposition of 5.8 moles of water? 5.8 moles H 2 You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

7 Try on your own #1 Mole Relationships Calculate the number of moles of sodium that must be present to completely use up 0.47 moles of oxygen gas. Na (s) + O 2 (g) Na 2 O? moles.47 moles 1.9 moles Na You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

8 Try on your own #2 Mole Relationships Calculate the number of moles of sodium oxide that will be produced when 5.00 moles of sodium completely reacts with oxygen gas. Na (s) + O 2 (g) Na 2 O 5.00 moles? Moles 2.50 moles Na 2 O You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

9 Mass Relationships Examples 1. Calculate the mass of I 2 (s) needed to just react with 35.0 g Al (s) based on the following equation: 2 Al (s) I (s) 2 AlI 3 (s) 2. What mass of carbon dioxide is produced when 44.1 g of propane reacts with sufficient oxygen? You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

10 Mass Relationships

11 Steps Step 1: Balance the equation for the reaction Step 2: Convert the masses of reactants or products to moles Step 3: Use the mole ratio to calculate the number of moles of the desired reactant or product Step 4: Convert from moles back to mass You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

12 Example #1 Mass Relationships Consider the reaction of powdered aluminum metal and finely ground iodine to produce aluminum iodide. The balanced equation for this vigorous chemical reaction is 2 Al (s) I (s) 2 AlI 3 (s) Calculate the mass of I 2 (s) needed to just react with 35.0 g Al (s) Answer: 494 g I 2 You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

13 Example #2 Mass Relationships If g of iron react with oxygen gas to produce iron (III) oxide, how many moles of oxygen gas will be needed? Fe + O 2 (g) Fe 2 O 3 Answer: mol O 2 You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

14 Try on own #1 Mass Relationships Propane, when used as a fuel, reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water according to the following unbalanced equation: C 3 H 8 (g) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (g) What mass of oxygen will be required to react exactly with 44.1 g of propane? Answer: 160. g O 2 You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

15 Try on own #2 Mass Relationships Solutions of sodium hydroxide absorb carbon dioxide from the air, forming sodium carbonate according to the balanced equation: 2 NaOH (aq) + CO 2 (g) Na 2 CO 3 (g) + H 2 O (l) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas that is required to react with a solution containing 10.0 g of sodium hydroxide. Answer: 5.50 g CO 2 You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

16 Homework Page ac 15ac You will learn to use a balanced equation to carry out mole and mass calculations.

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