Chapter 21: Intro. to the SW Asia/Middle East

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1 Chapter 21: Intro. to the SW Asia/Middle East

2 Ch. 21:1 Landforms & Resources Southwest Asia forms a connecting land bridge Asia, Africa, and. Europe The most distinctive landform in Southwest Asia is the Arabian, Peninsula which is surrounded by the Red Sea on the southwest and the on Persian Gulf the east. Also, on the southwest side of the Arabian Peninsula is the strategic opening to the Mediterranean Sea the. Suez Canal The Anatolian Peninsula is located between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

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5 Most of the land on the Arabian Peninsula is barren with some low hills, ridges, and, wadis which are riverbeds that remain dry except during the. rainy seasons The heart of Iran is a plateau surrounded by. mountains Isolated and very high, the land is a, stony salty, & sandy. desert Rugged mountains divide the land & countries in Southwest Asia. The Hindu Kush Mountains of Afghanistan are linked with other ranges of mountains that frame southern Iran. Two of the most important rivers the Tigris and the --supported Euphrates several ancient river. civilizations

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13 The Jordan River has no outlet to the, sea but its waters mingle with the salty waters of the, Dead Sea a landlocked salt lake. The most abundant resource in Southwest Asia is. oil In parts of Southwest Asia, water is a scarce resource that must be constantly guarded and carefully. used

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19 Ch. 21:2 Climate & Vegetation 1. Southwest Asia is extremely. arid The vegetation & animals living in the desert can survive on little and water in extreme. temperatures 2. In other parts of the region, a Mediterranean climate prevails, making the land green and lush at least part of each year. 3. The most famous desert in the region is the, Rub al-khali also known as the Empty Quarter. During the summer, the temperature on the surface of the sand often exceeds. 186 F 4. Next to this desert is the An-Nafud Desert. Severe sandstorms and brutal heat make this desert a barrier across the Arabian Peninsula.

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24 5. In Iran, the high mountains block rain, and dry winds increase evaporation. So when winds evaporate the moisture in the soil, chemical salts remain creating a. salt flat 6. On the fringes of the desert are regions with a semiarid climate. These regions offer good pasture lands for grazing animals. In, Turkey large herds of mohair goats graze in these lands. Their, hair and fabrics made from it, are among Turkey s. exports 7. Southwest Asia does have some areas with adequate rainfall. Along the Mediterranean coast, and in most of Turkey, hot summers and rainy winters create a good climate for growing citrus fruits,, olives and vegetables.

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30 Ch. 21:3 Human-Environment Interaction 1. The most critical resource in Southwest Asia is. water Turkey is building a series of dams and a man-made lakes on the upper Euphrates River. The dams and lake will provide water and hydroelectricity for parts of the country. 2. The National Water Carrier project in Israel carries water from the north of country to sites in the center and south of the nation. 3. Some countries in the region are developing ways to use. ocean water, Desalinization the removal of salt from ocean water, is done at technically sophisticated. water treatment plants

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36 4. Water pumped from underground aquifers is called fossil water because it has been in the aquifer for a long period of time. This water has very little chance of being replaced because the region has so little rainfall to recharge the aquifers. 5. The oil fields discovered in the sands of the Southwest Asia have been a bonanza for the region. These fields contain about one-half of all the petroleum reserves in the. world 6. Oil & natural gas do not exist in large pools beneath the ground but are trapped inside. rocks 7. The first Southwest Asia oil discovery was in 1908 in, Persia now known as. Iran

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44 8. Petroleum that has not been processed is called. crude oil This oil must be moved to a, refinery where it is converted into useful. products 9. Moving oil from one location to another always involves the risk of of. oil spills Most modern tankers have a double hull to help prevent this type of. accident

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