From Wood to high-quality Fuel

Transcription

1 From Wood to high-quality Fuel UMB, ÅS March 5, 2008 Klaus Schöffel

2 Biofuels Agenda is driven by three Elements: Climate Change Security of supply Biofuels set to gain considerable share in transportation fuels market Domestic Agriculture

3 Biofuels: 1 st Generation can hardly meet future Biofuel Demand 1 st Generation (Biodiesel and Bioethanol): Made from plant crops Available on the market today Limited CO2 reduction potential Concerns about: sourcing of feedstock; impact on biodiversity, land use and competition with food 2 nd Generation (synthetic Biodiesel / cellulosic Ethanol): Made from non-food feedstocks (woody biomass) High CO2 reduction potential No competition with food High fossil substitution potential Technology is not commercial

4 Fuel Quality: What makes 2nd generation Biodiesel so unique? Diesel (<10 ppm S) BTL No infrastructure requirements No adaptation to existing diesel combustion engines and powertrains No blending restrictions with fossil diesel Significant environmental benefits: Local Environment Global Environment Emission [g/km] 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 BTL-Diesel/forrest residues BTL-Diesel/straw BioEtOH/forrest residues BioEtOH/straw BioEtOH/maize BioEtOH/sugar beet Biodiesel/sunflower Biodiesel/rapeseed Natural Gas Gasoline Diesel Nox Particle < 10 um Source: New European Driving Cycle HC CO Ozone Source: JRC/CONCAWE/EUCAR nd Generation biofuels 1st Generation biofuels GHG Emissions [gco2/km] fossil

5 Local Environmental Benefits Diesel (<10 ppm S) BTL Emission [g/km] 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Nox Particle < 10 um HC CO Ozone

6 Green, greener, the greenest.. BTL-Diesel/forrest residues Source: JRC/CONCAWE/EUCAR 2007 BTL-Diesel/straw BioEtOH/forrest residues BioEtOH/straw 2nd Generation biofuels BioEtOH/maize BioEtOH/sugar beet Biodiesel/sunflower Biodiesel/rapeseed Natural Gas 1st Generation biofuels fossil Gasoline Diesel GHG Emissions [gco2/km]

7 Increasing Diesel Demand together with increasing Import Dependence AG = 20% Mtonne/y Gasoline Diesel AG = -12% Source: HART Down Stream Energy services 2004

8 The Technology: How to make the fuel?

9 BTL-Process Syn-Gas

10 From low-quality Wood to high-quality Fuel: The Engineers Dream Wood-to-Gas Gas-to-Fuel

11 Feedstock Logistics: Feedstock Composition Amount Amount Feedstock Mix: Bark, Sawdust, Round Wood, Harvesting Residues, WT Thinning, Chips, Recycl. Wood Different Storage & pre-treatment Option Different physical forms Different moisture contents Different chemical composition

12 Feedstock Logistics: Sourcing Strategies Access & gathering points of low cost feedstock(s) Effective Transportation Modes Railway Vessel Truck Optimum Biomass logistics for plant location

13 Feedstock Logistics: Supply Cost Biomass Cost is a function of required Amount, Degree of Feedstock Mobilization and Competition Mobilization of harvesting residues estimated to 6 years in Norway Rel. Feedstock Cost 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 Competition in feedstock from biomass heating and CHP application may significantly impact feedstock cost 0, Amount [BTD]

14 The Technology: Biomass-to-Liquids Easy made Hydro-treatment Fischer Tropsch Synthesis 35% CO 35% H2 30% CO2 Gas Cleaning Gasification Pre-treatment Destillation 50% Cellulose 25% Hemicellulose 24% Lignin Diesel Naphtha

15 Gasification: Decisive Technology Ash Circulated Fluidized Bed CFB Entrained Flow EF

16 Reactor characteristics Fluidized bed Entrained flow Historical Small-scale IGCC Large scale CTL, IGCC development based on coal, waste based on coal, heavy-oil Scale-up limit MW Pre-treatment particle size (mm) Oil Heat requirement T C Produced Gas Syngas Syngas CH4 Tar Clean-up CH4 Reforming Tar Separation or Cracking Ash Removed outside Removed inside Large equipment Small equipment outside

17 Produced Gas Units Operating conditions (O2 is oxidant) Fluidized bed Entrained flow P bar T C Particle size mm 30 0,2 Moisture % Gas Composition H 2 Vol.% 18,3 26,6 CO 16,1 46,1 CH 4 13,5 0 Tar 4,4 0 CO 2 46,9 26,9 H 2 O N 2 /Ar 34 0,8 16,7 0,4

18 Process Line Concepts

19 Pre-Treatment Options Torrefaction Pyrolysis Feed Moisture Feed Particle size Temperature Residence time Product By-products Feeding to Gasifier 10% 10 mm C 30 min Char: 80 wt% Gas: 20 wt% Lock-Hooper Piston 10% 10 mm C 1 s Oil: 70 w% Gas: 15 wt% Char: 15 wt% Oil Pump

20 Energy Requirements for Pre-Treatment Energy need as % biomass energy content Torrefaction Process Milling Feeding Total Heat 0,5 0,5 Power 3,6 2,5 CO2 compression 6,1 Pyrolysis Process 14,7 1,1

21 The Technology: BTL conversion do-able Process Flow Diagram Plant Layout Process Simulation Basis for Cost Estimation

22 The Technology: Mass Flow Diagram Green CO2" 725 kton/y Oxygen 488 kton/y Naphta 34 kton/y BTL-Plant Diesel 100 kton/y Water 800 kton/y Ash 30kton/y Wood 40 % Moisture 1.2 Mton/y

23 Exhaust Fumes 5 MW The Technology: Energy Flow Diagram Naphta 62 MW Diesel 186 MW Cooling Water 183 MW Electricity 30MW Wood 466 MW BTL-Plant Total Fuel Efficiency approx. 50 %

24 The Economy: External 2007 Studies indicate Production Cost of /l Biomass Other Costs (unspec) 1,2 1,2 1 1 Production Cost [ /l] 0,8 0,6 0,4 Diesel price FOB [ /l] 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,2 0 ReNew FZK Dena Ref.: 100 kton/y BTL diesel production Crude Oil price [$/bbl]

25 The Economy: Potentials for Cost Reduction General Economy of Scale Learning Curve in Technology 100 % 100 % 90 % 90 % Rel. Specific Investment Cost 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % This Study: 450 MW Rel. Spec. Investment 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % % Source: VW-Renew Plant Size [MW] Deployed Capacity [MW]

26 Cost reduction: Economy of Scale 1 Pord.Cost Part [ /l] 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Base Case this Study Biomass cost Capital Cost Bio+Cap Plant Capacity [MW] No scale-up-effect: Plant location and Biomass Logistics is most important

27 Bio Refinery Concept

28 Takk for oppmerksomheten! Dr. Klaus Schöffel Vice President Energy Phone: Fax: Mobile: Norske Skogindustrier ASA Oksenøyveien 80 P.O. Box 329 N-1326 Lysaker NORWAY