Chapter 13 Measuring the properties of stars
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1 Chapter 13 Measuring the properties of stars
2 Parallax measurements of the distances to the nearest stars use as a baseline. A. Earth's orbit B. Earth's diameter C. Earth-Moon distance D. About the length of a football field
3 Parallax measurements of the distances to the nearest stars use as a baseline. A. Earth's orbit B. Earth's diameter C. Earth-Moon distance D. About the length of a football field
4 Star A and Star B have same temperatures, but Star A is more luminous than Star B. Based on this information, which of the following must be the case? A. Star A is smaller than Star B. B. Star A is larger than Star B. C. Star A and Star B have same size. D. Star A is more massive than Star B.
5 Star A and Star B have same temperatures, but Star A is more luminous than Star B. Based on this information, which of the following must be the case? A. Star A is smaller than Star B. B. Star A is larger than Star B. C. Star A and Star B have same size. D. Star A is more massive than Star B.
6 Star A and Star B have the same size, but Star A is more luminous than Star B. Based on this information, which of the following must be the case? A. Star A is cooler than Star B. B. Star A is hotter than Star B. C. Star A and Star B have same temperature. D. Star A is more massive than Star B.
7 Star A and Star B have the same size, but Star A is more luminous than Star B. Based on this information, which of the following must be the case? A. Star A is cooler than Star B. B. Star A is hotter than Star B. C. Star A and Star B have same temperature. D. Star A is more massive than Star B.
8 Which of the following stars is reddish in color? A. F6 B. A0 C. G5 D. B2 E. K9
9 Which of the following stars is reddish in color? A. F6 B. A0 C. G5 D. B2 E. K9
10 In the above HR diagram sketch, which star is a white dwarf? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E
11 In the above HR diagram sketch, which star is a white dwarf? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E
12 80% of type stars have orbiting companions. A. O and B B. A and F C. F and G D. K and M
13 80% of type stars have orbiting companions. A. O and B B. A and F C. F and G D. K and M
14 The H-R diagram is a diagram plotting the stars according to their A. Apparent brightness and temperature. B. Spectral type and temperature. C. Brightness and luminosity class. D. Luminosity and temperature. E. Mass and diameter.
15 The H-R diagram is a diagram plotting the stars according to their A. Apparent brightness and temperature. B. Spectral type and temperature. C. Brightness and luminosity class. D. Luminosity and temperature. E. Mass and diameter.
16 Which of the following is a main sequence star hotter than the Sun? (Note: the Sun is a G2V star) A. B2II B. G2II C. G2III D. G1V E. O2II
17 Which of the following is a main sequence star hotter than the Sun? (Note: the Sun is a G2V star) A. B2II B. G2II C. G2III D. G1V E. O2II
18 Which of the following statements would explain the fact that larger molecules, such as amino acids, do not produce spectral lines in the OBAFGKM classification? A. Larger molecules require higher temperatures to show absorption lines. B. The spectra of hydrogen and helium are sufficient to classify stars. C. The spectra of larger molecules are too complicated. D. Larger molecules break apart at the high temperatures of stellar atmospheres. E. All of the above.
19 Which of the following statements would explain the fact that larger molecules, such as amino acids, do not produce spectral lines in the OBAFGKM classification? A. Larger molecules require higher temperatures to show absorption lines. B. The spectra of hydrogen and helium are sufficient to classify stars. C. The spectra of larger molecules are too complicated. D. Larger molecules break apart at the high temperatures of stellar atmospheres. E. All of the above.
20 The spectrum of a star shows the 656 nm absorption line shifted to 654 nm. Which of the following can we conclude about this star? A. The star is approaching us with an approximate speed of 1,800 km/sec. B. The star is receding with an approximate speed of 1,800 km/sec. C. The star is approaching us with an approximate speed of 900 km/sec. D. The star is receding with an approximate speed of 900 km/sec. E. The star is spinning rapidly.
21 The spectrum of a star shows the 656 nm absorption line shifted to 654 nm. Which of the following can we conclude about this star? A. The star is approaching us with an approximate speed of 1,800 km/sec. B. The star is receding with an approximate speed of 1,800 km/sec. C. The star is approaching us with an approximate speed of 900 km/sec. D. The star is receding with an approximate speed of 900 km/sec. E. The star is spinning rapidly.
22 What is the difference between spectroscopic and visual binaries? A. Spectroscopic binaries have double spectral lines but do not move. B. Visual binaries are pairs of stars in the same region in the sky but are not gravitationally interacting. C. A visual binary does not show changes in the spectral lines. D. In a visual binary we can see two distinct stars; in spectroscopic binaries, the images of the two stars can not be resolved.
23 What is the difference between spectroscopic and visual binaries? A. Spectroscopic binaries have double spectral lines but do not move. B. Visual binaries are pairs of stars in the same region in the sky but are not gravitationally interacting. C. A visual binary does not show changes in the spectral lines. D. In a visual binary we can see two distinct stars; in spectroscopic binaries, the images of the two stars can not be resolved.
24 The study of eclipsing binary stars is very important because it allows astronomers to determine A. The distance between two stars. B. The speed of stars from the Doppler shift of their spectral lines. C. The diameters of stars. D. The luminosity of each star. E. The brightness of each star.
25 The study of eclipsing binary stars is very important because it allows astronomers to determine A. The distance between two stars. B. The speed of stars from the Doppler shift of their spectral lines. C. The diameters of stars. D. The luminosity of each star. E. The brightness of each star.
26 If a main sequence, giant, and a supergiant all have the same spectral class, what characteristic is known to make these stars different? A. Luminosity. B. Distance. C. Surface temperature. D. Color. E. It shows that the more massive stars are cooler.
27 If a main sequence, giant, and a supergiant all have the same spectral class, what characteristic is known to make these stars different? A. Luminosity. B. Distance. C. Surface temperature. D. Color. E. It shows that the more massive stars are cooler.
28 What can we conclude about a star because its luminosity varies in an irregular pattern? A. The star is very young. B. The star is very old. C. The star is rotating. D. A or B.
29 What can we conclude about a star because its luminosity varies in an irregular pattern? A. The star is very young. B. The star is very old. C. The star is rotating. D. A or B.
30 can be used to measure the of nearby stars. A. Parallax measurements; radius B. The method of standard candles; brightness C. Interferometry; radius
31 can be used to measure the of nearby stars. A. Parallax measurements; radius B. The method of standard candles; brightness C. Interferometry; radius
32 If the distance between the Earth and a star is measured using parallax measurements, how far apart in time should the two measurements be made to make the parallax measurement as accurate as possible? A. Instantaneously B. A day C. Six months D. A year
33 If the distance between the Earth and a star is measured using parallax measurements, how far apart in time should the two measurements be made to make the parallax measurement as accurate as possible? A. Instantaneously B. A day C. Six months D. A year
34 The amount of energy emitted by a star each second is the and is measured in. A. Apparent brightness; degrees K B. Temperature; degrees K C. Apparent brightness; Watts D. Luminosity; Watts
35 The amount of energy emitted by a star each second is the and is measured in. A. Apparent brightness; degrees K B. Temperature; degrees K C. Apparent brightness; Watts D. Luminosity; Watts
36 The luminosity of a star is determined by the star's and. A. Brightness; temperature B. Apparent brightness; surface temperature C. Diameter; surface temperature D. Distance; surface temperature E. Diameter; distance
37 The luminosity of a star is determined by the star's and. A. Brightness; temperature B. Apparent brightness; surface temperature C. Diameter; surface temperature D. Distance; surface temperature E. Diameter; distance
38 A star of apparent magnitude appears 2.51 times brighter than a star of apparent magnitude 4. A. 1 B C. 3 D E. 10
39 A star of apparent magnitude appears 2.51 times brighter than a star of apparent magnitude 4. A. 1 B C. 3 D E. 10
40 The Balmer lines correspond to wavelengths in the part of the spectrum of a atom. A. Ultraviolet; helium B. Visible; hydrogen C. Infrared; hydrogen D. X-ray; helium
41 The Balmer lines correspond to wavelengths in the part of the spectrum of a atom. A. Ultraviolet; helium B. Visible; hydrogen C. Infrared; hydrogen D. X-ray; helium
42 An M type star 1000 times more luminous than the Sun will be located near the part of the H-R diagram. A. Top left B. Top right C. Center D. Bottom right E. Bottom left
43 An M type star 1000 times more luminous than the Sun will be located near the part of the H-R diagram. A. Top left B. Top right C. Center D. Bottom right E. Bottom left
44 Lines from molecules are strongest in type stars. A. A B. F C. M D. K E. O
45 Lines from molecules are strongest in type stars. A. A B. F C. M D. K E. O
46 binary star systems are important because they allow astronomers to determine the mass and the of the stars in the system. A. Eclipsing; temperature B. Spectroscopic; diameter C. Spectroscopic; temperature D. Eclipsing; diameter E. Visual; temperature
47 binary star systems are important because they allow astronomers to determine the mass and the of the stars in the system. A. Eclipsing; temperature B. Spectroscopic; diameter C. Spectroscopic; temperature D. Eclipsing; diameter E. Visual; temperature
48 A main sequence star has 3 times the mass of the Sun. Using we find that the star is times more luminous than the Sun. A. The mass-luminosity relation; 9 B. The Stefan-Boltzmann law; 3 C. Wien's law; 3 D. The mass-luminosity relation; 3 E. The inverse-square law; 9
49 A main sequence star has 3 times the mass of the Sun. Using we find that the star is times more luminous than the Sun. A. The mass-luminosity relation; 9 B. The Stefan-Boltzmann law; 3 C. Wien's law; 3 D. The mass-luminosity relation; 3 E. The inverse-square law; 9
50 If Star A is twice as far as Star B, and they are identical in all other ways, then the brightness of Star A would be A. One-fourth the brightness of Star B. B. One-half the brightness of Star B. C. The same brightness as Star B. D. Twice the brightness of Star B. E. Four times the brightness of Star B.
51 If Star A is twice as far as Star B, and they are identical in all other ways, then the brightness of Star A would be A. One-fourth the brightness of Star B. B. One-half the brightness of Star B. C. The same brightness as Star B. D. Twice the brightness of Star B. E. Four times the brightness of Star B.
52 How does Rigel, a bluish star, surface temperature compare to Betelgeuse, a reddish star. A. Rigel's surface temperature is less than Betelgeuse's. B. Rigel's surface temperature is greater than Betelgeuse's. C. They have the same surface temperature because they are both members of the constellation Orion. D. It is impossible to say without knowledge of the sizes of the stars.
53 How does Rigel, a bluish star, surface temperature compare to Betelgeuse, a reddish star. A. Rigel's surface temperature is less than Betelgeuse's. B. Rigel's surface temperature is greater than Betelgeuse's. C. They have the same surface temperature because they are both members of the constellation Orion. D. It is impossible to say without knowledge of the sizes of the stars.
54 T or F The hottest (O and B type) stars are usually binary stars, while the coolest (M type) stars are usually single stars.
55 T or F The hottest (O and B type) stars are usually binary stars, while the coolest (M type) stars are usually single stars.
56 T or F Wien's law implies that a blue star is cooler than a red star.
57 T or F Wien's law implies that a blue star is cooler than a red star.
58 The relative brightness of the stars as we see them in our sky is represented by their A. Absolute magnitudes. B. Apparent magnitude. C. Surface temperature. D. Luminosity.
59 The relative brightness of the stars as we see them in our sky is represented by their A. Absolute magnitudes. B. Apparent magnitude. C. Surface temperature. D. Luminosity.
60 Luminosity (absolute brightness) of a star depends on its. A. Temperature B. Radius C. Distance from us D. Both A and B E. Both A and C
61 Luminosity (absolute brightness) of a star depends on its. A. Temperature B. Radius C. Distance from us D. Both A and B E. Both A and C
62 Which of the following stars has the hottest stellar surface temperature? A. M6 B. A0 C. G5 D. B2 E. K9
63 Which of the following stars has the hottest stellar surface temperature? A. M6 B. A0 C. G5 D. B2 E. K9
64 If it were possible to move a star closer to the Earth then its apparent magnitude number would while its absolute magnitude number would. A. Decrease; increase B. Decrease; stay the same C. Increase; decrease D. Increase; stay the same
65 If it were possible to move a star closer to the Earth then its apparent magnitude number would while its absolute magnitude number would. A. Decrease; increase B. Decrease; stay the same C. Increase; decrease D. Increase; stay the same
66 In which binary system can we observe both the stars separately and follow their orbits around each other? A. Visual binary system. B. Spectroscopic binary system. C. Eclipsing binary system.
67 In which binary system can we observe both the stars separately and follow their orbits around each other? A. Visual binary system. B. Spectroscopic binary system. C. Eclipsing binary system.
68 The star Aldebaran is a red giant, and is much more luminous than the Sun. What conclusions can be drawn from this fact? A. Aldebaran is hotter and much more massive than the Sun. B. Aldebaran is cooler than the Sun, but has larger diameter than the Sun. C. In the HR diagram, Aldebaran is above and to the left of the Sun. D. Aldebaran is a binary star. E. None of the above.
69 The star Aldebaran is a red giant, and is much more luminous than the Sun. What conclusions can be drawn from this fact? A. Aldebaran is hotter and much more massive than the Sun. B. Aldebaran is cooler than the Sun, but has larger diameter than the Sun. C. In the HR diagram, Aldebaran is above and to the left of the Sun. D. Aldebaran is a binary star. E. None of the above.
70 The star Aldebaran is cooler and much more luminous than the Sun. Where do you expect to find Aldebaran in the H-R diagram? A. Top left B. Top right C. Center D. Bottom right E. Bottom left
71 The star Aldebaran is cooler and much more luminous than the Sun. Where do you expect to find Aldebaran in the H-R diagram? A. Top left B. Top right C. Center D. Bottom right E. Bottom left
72 How can we explain the fact that hydrogen Balmer lines are essentially absent in the hot O type and the cool M stars? A. O type stars do not contain hydrogen. B. In cool stars hydrogen combines to form large molecules. C. In O stars hydrogen is ionized and in M stars the electrons of hydrogen are in level 1, not level 2. D. All of the above.
73 How can we explain the fact that hydrogen Balmer lines are essentially absent in the hot O type and the cool M stars? A. O type stars do not contain hydrogen. B. In cool stars hydrogen combines to form large molecules. C. In O stars hydrogen is ionized and in M stars the electrons of hydrogen are in level 1, not level 2. D. All of the above.
74 Binary star systems are very important because they allow A. Measurement of star masses. B. Measurement of the speed of stars. C. More precise measurement of the distance of stars. D. More precise measurement of the temperature of stars. E. More precise measurement of the spectral type of stars.
75 Binary star systems are very important because they allow A. Measurement of star masses. B. Measurement of the speed of stars. C. More precise measurement of the distance of stars. D. More precise measurement of the temperature of stars. E. More precise measurement of the spectral type of stars.
76 Stars on the main sequence have different luminosities because A. They have different chemical compositions. B. They have different ages. C. They are at different distances from the Sun. D. They have different masses. E. They have different apparent magnitudes.
77 Stars on the main sequence have different luminosities because A. They have different chemical compositions. B. They have different ages. C. They are at different distances from the Sun. D. They have different masses. E. They have different apparent magnitudes.
78 Which of the following is not true for a pulsating star? A. The surface temperature of a pulsating star changes periodically. B. The outer layers of a pulsating star expand and contract periodically. C. The luminosity changes periodically. D. They are usually members of an eclipsing binary star system. E. They show periodic shifts in their spectral lines.
79 Which of the following is not true for a pulsating star? A. The surface temperature of a pulsating star changes periodically. B. The outer layers of a pulsating star expand and contract periodically. C. The luminosity changes periodically. D. They are usually members of an eclipsing binary star system. E. They show periodic shifts in their spectral lines.
80 If a star has an apparent magnitude of 8 and an absolute magnitude of 6 it is A. Much closer than 10 parsecs away. B. Slightly closer than 10 parsecs away. C. Exactly 10 parsecs away. D. Slightly farther than 10 parsecs away. E. Much farther than 10 parsecs away.
81 If a star has an apparent magnitude of 8 and an absolute magnitude of 6 it is A. Much closer than 10 parsecs away. B. Slightly closer than 10 parsecs away. C. Exactly 10 parsecs away. D. Slightly farther than 10 parsecs away. E. Much farther than 10 parsecs away.
82 The parallax of a star is usually measured in. A. A distance; arcseconds B. An angle; arcseconds C. An angle; parsecs D. A distance; AUs
83 The parallax of a star is usually measured in. A. A distance; arcseconds B. An angle; arcseconds C. An angle; parsecs D. A distance; AUs
84 A light source at a distance of 1 meter that emits 50 Watts of visible radiation has the same as a source emitting 200 Watts and is located. A. Luminosity; 2 meters away B. Luminosity; 4 meters away C. Apparent brightness; 2 meters away D. Apparent brightness; 4 meters away
85 A light source at a distance of 1 meter that emits 50 Watts of visible radiation has the same as a source emitting 200 Watts and is located. A. Luminosity; 2 meters away B. Luminosity; 4 meters away C. Apparent brightness; 2 meters away D. Apparent brightness; 4 meters away
86 Star A star is located at the top left of the H-R diagram and has the same luminosity as Star B which is located at the top right of the H-R diagram. How must these stars differ? A. Star A is hotter and bigger than Star B. B. Star A is cooler and bigger than Star B. C. Star A is hotter and smaller than Star B. D. Star A is cooler and smaller than Star B.
87 Star A star is located at the top left of the H-R diagram and has the same luminosity as Star B which is located at the top right of the H-R diagram. How must these stars differ? A. Star A is hotter and bigger than Star B. B. Star A is cooler and bigger than Star B. C. Star A is hotter and smaller than Star B. D. Star A is cooler and smaller than Star B.
88 The hydrogen absorption lines are the strongest in type stars. A. A B. B C. O D. G
89 The hydrogen absorption lines are the strongest in type stars. A. A B. B C. O D. G
90 White dwarfs have spectral lines than red giants. A. Narrower B. Stronger C. Weaker D. Wider
91 White dwarfs have spectral lines than red giants. A. Narrower B. Stronger C. Weaker D. Wider
92 If two stars are stacked vertically on an H-R diagram then they necessarily differ in their A. Distance. B. Luminosity class. C. Spectral class. D. Temperature.
93 If two stars are stacked vertically on an H-R diagram then they necessarily differ in their A. Distance. B. Luminosity class. C. Spectral class. D. Temperature.
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