Ecology. 3. Which sequence shows a correct pathway for the flow of energy in a food chain?

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. The diagram below illustrates the relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. 3. Which sequence shows a correct pathway for the flow of energy in a food chain?. bacteria grass fox owl. grass grasshopper frog snake. fungi beetle algae mouse. algae snake duck deer In addition to sunlight, which factor would need to be added to make this a stable ecosystem?. predators. prey. decomposers. herbivores 4. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram accompanying and on your knowledge of biology. 2. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the table shown below, which shows the type of food consumed by various animals in community, and on your knowledge of biology. Which animals in the community would be classified as herbivores?. snakes. hawks Which term best describes the mosquito larvae?. producer. parasite. carnivore. consumer. spiders. grasshoppers page 1

2 5. Which type of model provides the most complete representation of the feeding relationships within a community?. a material cycle 8. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the food web and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph represents the interaction of two different populations, and, in the food web.. a predator-prey association. a food chain. a food web Population is made up of living animals. The members of population feed on these living animals. The members of population are most likely. scavengers. autotrophs 6. Which relationship best describes the interactions between lettuce and a rabbit?. predators. parasites. predator prey. producer consumer. parasite host. decomposer scavenger 9. The dense needles of ouglas fir trees can prevent most light from reaching the forest floor. This situation would have the most immediate effect on 7. Organisms that have the ability to use an atmospheric gas to produce an organic nutrient are known as. producers. carnivores. herbivores. decomposers. herbivores. decomposers. carnivores. autotrophs page 2

3 10. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. 12. Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?. It manufactures its own food.. It divides by mitosis.. It transforms light energy into chemical energy.. It obtains nutrients from its environment. Which organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?. frog. snake. plant. grasshopper 13. Which phrase is an example of autotrophic nutrition?. a cow eating grass in a field. a mushroom digesting a dead log. an apple tree making its own food. a tapeworm feeding in the body of a dog 11. Which statement best describes a characteristic of an ecosystem?. It must have producers and consumers but not decomposers.. It is stable because it has consumers to recycle energy.. It always has two or more different autotrophs filling the same niche.. It must have organisms that carry out autotrophic nutrition. 14. utotrophs might survive when heterotrophs cannot, because autotrophs are able to. reproduce asexually. become dormant. exist without respiration. make their own food page 3

4 15. One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is 17. Which statement best describes the fruit fly population in the part of the curve labeled X in the graph shown below?. number of autotrophs. temperature variation. salt content. ph of water. The fruit fly population has reached the number of organisms the habitat can support.. The fruit fly population can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring.. The fruit fly population has an average life span of 36 days. 16. Even though the environment changes, a population that occupies a given geographic area will most likely continue to be found in this area if the. The fruit fly population is no longer able to adapt to the changing environmental conditions.. variations in the population decrease over time. members of the population decrease in number. members of the population exceed the carrying capacity. population passes on those genes that result in favorable adaptations 18. The size of a mouse population in a natural ecosystem tends to remain relatively constant due to. the carrying capacity of the environment. the lack of natural predators. cycling of energy. increased numbers of decomposers page 4

5 19. The growth of a population is shown in the graph below. 22. For many decades, certain areas of New York State have remained as hardwood forests containing predominantly oak and hickory trees. These forested areas will most likely. remain indefinitely and not be affected by environmental influences. reach maturity and change in the near future. be destroyed by environmental changes and never return to their present forms. continue in their present forms unless affected by environmental factors Which letter indicates the carrying capacity of the environment for this population? The reason that organisms can not produce populations of unlimited size is that 23. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrams of stages of succession and on your knowledge of biology.. the resources of Earth are finite. there is no carrying capacity on Earth. species rarely compete with one another. interactions between organisms are unchanging What is the correct sequence of these stages? 21. n environment can support only as many organisms as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen will allow. Which term is best described by this statement?..... biological feedback. carrying capacity. homeostatic control. biological diversity page 5

6 24. The accompanying diagrams show some changes in an environment over time. 25. Stage in the diagram below is located on land that was once a bare field. The sequence of stages leading from bare field to stage best illustrates the process known as. replication. recycling. feedback. succession Which phrase best describes this sequence of diagrams?. the path of energy through a food web in a natural community. the altering of an ecosystem by a natural disaster. natural communities replacing each other in an orderly sequence. similarities between an aquatic ecosystem and a terrestrial ecosystem 26. Many years ago, a volcanic eruption killed many plants and animals on an island. Today the island looks much as it did before the eruption. Which statement is the best possible explanation for this?. ltered ecosystems regain stability through the evolution of new plant species.. estroyed environments can recover as a result of the process of ecological succession.. Geographic barriers prevent the migration of animals to island habitats.. estroyed ecosystems always return to their original state. page 6

7 27. Which concept is represented in the graph below? 29. What is a characteristic of a stable environment?. It usually contains only one type of producer.. It usually contains a great diversity of species.. It contains simple food chains that have more consumers than producers.. It contains complex food webs that have more heterotrophs than autotrophs.. ecological succession in a community. cycling of carbon and nitrogen in a forest. energy flow in a food chain over time. negative human impact on the environment 30. ompared to a natural forest, the wheat field of a farmer lacks. heterotrophs. significant biodiversity. autotrophs 28. ase your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology.. stored energy 31. Which condition would cause an ecosystem to become unstable?. only heterotrophic organisms remain after a change in the environment If the environment were to change dramatically or a new plant disease were to break out, which plant type would most likely survive?. wild wheat. domestic wheat. wild corn. domestic corn. a slight increase in the number of heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms occurs. a variety of nonliving factors are used by the living factors. biotic and abiotic resources interact page 7

8 32. In a stable, long-existing community, the establishment of a single species per niche is most directly the result of. parasitism. interbreeding. competition. overproduction 35. biotic factors that could affect the stability of an ecosystem could include. hurricanes, packs of wolves, and temperature. blizzards, heat waves, and swarms of grasshoppers. droughts, floods, and heat waves. species of fish, number of decomposers, and supply of algae 33. Increased efforts to conserve areas such as rain forests are necessary in order to. protect biodiversity. promote extinction of species. exploit finite resources. increase industrialization 36. stable ecosystem would not contain. materials being cycled. consumers without producers. decomposers. a constant source of energy 34. Which statement describes all stable ecosystems?. Herbivores provide energy for the autotrophs.. The populations of predators are dependent on the populations of their prey.. The number of autotrophs equals the number of heterotrophs.. onsumers synthesize TP from light energy. 37. serious threat to biodiversity is. habitat destruction. maintenance of food chains. competition within a species. a stable population size page 8

9 38. Some people make compost piles consisting of weeds and other plant materials. When the compost has decomposed, it can be used as fertilizer. The production and use of compost is an example of 41. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram accompanying and on your knowledge of biology.. the introduction of natural predators. the use of fossil fuels. the deforestation of an area. the recycling of nutrients State one reason that algae form the base of this pyramid. 39. Identify one abiotic factor that would directly affect the survival of organism shown in the diagram below. 42. Explain why each level of the pyramid decreases in area from bottom to top. 43. escribe the role of scavengers in an ecosystem. 40. n aquatic food web is represented in the diagram below. Using one or more complete sentences, predict how one of the populations in the food web will most likely change if the yellow perch population increases over a period of 3 years. 44. What is the role of bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem? page 9

10 45. The accompanying food web shows some of the relationships that exist between organisms in a field and pond ecosystem. 46. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the lake ecosystem represented below and on your knowledge of biology. a) Write one or more paragraphs describing some of the relationships in this food web. In your answer, be sure to: identify a carnivore from the food web describe the complete path of energy from the Sun to that carnivore explain why decomposers are necessary in this food web Identify one organism represented in the diagram that provides the vital link for the transfer of energy from the Sun to the other organisms in the ecosystem. b) significant decrease in the wolf population occurs. fter a period of one year, what change in the grass population would most likely be observed? c) farmer sprayed pesticides on a field next to the pond. Using one or more complete sentences, explain why several years later the fish population would contain higher pesticide levels than any other pond organisms would contain. 47. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which represents the changes in an ecosystem over a period of 100 years, and on your knowledge of biology. State one biological explanation for the changes in types of vegetation observed from through. 48. Predict what would happen to the soil and vegetation of this ecosystem after stage F, assuming no natural disaster or human interference. page 10

11 49. State what could happen to a species in a changing environment if the members of that species do not express any genetic variations. 50. Human activities continue to place strains on the environment. One of these strains on the environment is the loss of biodiversity. Explain what this problem is and describe some ways humans are involved in both the problem and the possible solutions. In your answer be sure to: state the meaning of the term biodiversity state one negative effect on humans if biodiversity continues to be lost suggest one practice that could be used to preserve biodiversity in New York State page 11

12 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by Horacio Ferrandiz Terms of Use at 01/08/ oxygen or water temperature 20.

13 Teacher s Key Page If the yellow perch population increases, the zooplankton population would decrease. They are producers or They contain the most energy. There is less energy available at each succeeding level. or Energy is lost as heat at each level. Scavengers remove dead organisms from the environment. or Scavengers break down dead organisms. The role of bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem is to recycle materials or that they are decomposers. a) The student should write one or more paragraphs describing some of the relationships in the food web. The student s answer should include: an identification of one carnivore (e.g., wolf, worm, or fish) a description of the path of energy from the Sun to that carnivore (e.g., Sun pond algae rotifers worms fish) an explanation of why decomposers are necessary in this food web. (The explanation should include reference to the return of resources to the environment or to the recycling of materials in the environment.) s more soil accumulated (from the decomposition of dead vegetation), plants with deeper root systems could live there and shade out the earlier plants. OR ecological succession The soil depth will increase and trees will be present. OR The soil will change in composition and the plant species will change. The species could become extinct. OR The species does not evolve. OR The species remains the same. iodiversity means many different species live in a particular habitat. OR particular habitat has much variation in the types of organisms found there. Lost organisms may have possible medical use. OR Genes from lost organisms are not available to use for development of new varieties of organisms. OR disruption of food chains laws that protect habitat, setting aside of wilderness areas, hunting and fishing laws, or reducing pollution b) The student should write a statement about the probable effect on the grass population a year after a significant decrease in the wolf population (e.g., the grass population would decrease). c) The student should write one or more complete sentences explaining why there were higher levels of pesticide in fish than in any other pond organism several years later. (The explanation should mention pond algae taking in pesticides and the pesticides becoming more concentrated at each succeeding level.) 46. plant, cattail, pond lily, producers, or autotrophs