Chapter 6. The Transport Layer
|
|
- Aleesha Cross
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 6 The Transport Layer
2 Services Provided to the Upper Layers The network, transport, and application layers.
3 Transport Service Primitives The primitives for a simple transport service: Example: Socket primitives for TCP:
4 Transport Service Primitives A state diagram for a simple connection management scheme. Transitions labeled in italics are caused by packet arrivals. The solid lines show the client's state sequence. The dashed lines show the server's state sequence.
5 Transport Protocol (a) Environment of the data link layer. (b) Environment of the transport layer.
6 Addressing TSAPs (port id), NSAPs (ip address) and transport connections.
7 Connection Establishment If user knows server port, he connects directly If not: A proxy server should be contacted first (see figure) A name server is asked first for the port id of the server (a) (b) User connects to process server (proxy) with known port Process server spawns time-of-day server that inherits port id and handles user requests
8 Connection Establishment Three protocol scenarios for establishing a connection using a three-way handshake. CR denotes CONNECTION REQUEST. (a) Normal operation, (b) Old CONNECTION REQUEST appearing out of nowhere. (c) Duplicate CONNECTION REQUEST and duplicate ACK.
9 Connection Release Abrupt disconnection with loss of data.
10 Connection Release 6-14, a, b Four protocol scenarios for releasing a connection. (a) Normal case of a three-way handshake. (b) final ACK lost.
11 Connection Release 6-14, c,d (c) Response lost. (d) Response lost and subsequent DRs lost.
12 Multiplexing: Multiplexing Upward multiplexing: Different applications send at the same time (typical) Downward multiplexing: One application using different connections (e.g. for speedup, e.g. in ISDN) Demultiplexing: Direct traffic to the correct receiver (if many coexist) Both constitute the most basic service of the transport layer (a) Upward multiplexing. (b) Downward multiplexing.
13 Crash Recovery Client Server Strategy A P Strategy P A Reissue strategy APC AC(P) C(AP) PAC PC(A) C(PA) Always Never Only when ACKed Only when not ACKed Different combinations of client and server strategies in the presence of server crashes. P: Processing, C: Crash, A: ACK Server strategies: A P: Send ACK before processing P A: Send ACK after processing Thus: The number of executions of an operation depends on when the server crash has occurred.
14 The Internet Transport Protocol: UDP UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Almost IP New Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Some error checking Connectionless No handshaking: just blasts away packets without any initial formality No congestion control Unreliable: just like IP, a best-effort protocol Why use UDP then? No connection establishment time: more efficient if reliability is not a big issue E.g. DNS uses UDP for better response time but HTTP uses TCP since reliability is critical (in fact this renders WWW rather world-wide wait) No connection data (e.g. sequence numbers, buffers, congestion control parameter ) need to be stored in end systems maximum number of UDP clients is in general higher than TCP clients
15 Why UDP? (contd): UDP Smaller packet header: UDP: 8 bytes, TCP: at least 20 bytes Better for real-time applications: They require minimum data rate (in TCP they cannot control that because TCP waits for ACKs, delay them because of congestions, etc.) These applications tolerate some data loss They can enhance UDP service at will Examples of applications that typically use UDP: DNS: déjà vu NFS: for efficiency Internet telephony: need efficiency and tolerate some loss Multimedia applications: need efficiency and tolerate some loss Network management applications: because they should run even if network is congested (if reliability and congestion control are difficult to achieve) Some routing protocols: because they exchange messages periodically, so loss can be tolerated Database clients: for efficiency RPCs (small request/reply pairs for idempotent operations)
16 UDP Header: UDP Size: 8 bytes; Source/Destination ports: 2 bytes each (up to 65,535, are reserved), Total length: of datagram, Checksum: 1 s complement (see Chapter 3) Why redo error control (checksums) in transport layer? Because layer-2 error control applies only to links, and some links may not have error control at all, and UDP is an Internet protocol that has no restrictions on used links. UDP header.
17 Demultiplexing in UDP: UDP A receiver (socket) is identified by (ipaddress, portaddress) (e.g. (m3, x) see below) only Example: A B socket Other Receiver Receiver a b y x m1 m2 (m1, a, m3, x) (m2, b, m3, x) m3 Parts of UDP headers, both are demultiplexed to the correct receiver using the pair (m3, x) Receiver gets data from ANY client
18 The Internet Transport Protocol: TCP TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented: 3-way handshake TCP Connection is NOT: Like TDM/FDM connection at layer 2 Nor like virtual circuits of layer 3 Why? Since only end systems (hosts) know about it (not hardware, routers) TCP connections are reliable (e.g. TCP detects lost packets, orders packets, ) TCP connections are full-duplex TCP connections are point-to-point (no multicasting is possible using TCP) TCP connections are byte-oriented (byte streams) E.g. client sends msg1 and msg2, server is able to read them as one message. TCP allocates buffers in sender/receiver hosts: Application data are first copied to the buffer and then grabbed by TCP to encapsulate them into segments that are sent down to the network layer (at receiver, TCP first copies data into buffer, and then delivers them to server).
19 TCP TCP Header: Size: >= 20 bytes Ports: each 2 bytes Checksum: like in UDP Sequence/Ack numbers: for reliable communication Window size: for flow control (# of bytes a receiver is willing to accept) Header Length: 4 bits (max. 15 words = 15x4 bytes = 60 bytes) ACK bit: indicates that ACK number is valid (this is an ACK) RST bit: reset connection SYN bit: synchronize sequence numbers FIN bit: tear down connection Options: e.g. if sender wants to negotiate max. segment with receiver, PSH bit: Receiver should pass (push) data to upper layer immediately (in general not used) URG bit: part of the data are urgent (where? urgent pointer) (in general not used )
20 Demultiplexing in TCP: TCP A receiver (socket) is identified by (ipaddress of sender, portaddress of sender, ipaddress of receiver, portaddress of receiver) (e.g. (m1, p, m3, x) see below). Example: A and B (on different machines) use same port number p. A B Other Receiver Receiver p p m1 m2 (m1, p, m3, x) (m2, p, m3, x) m3 Parts of TCP headers, both are demultiplexed to the correct connection using the 2 quadruples Receiver gets data from ONE client per connection
21 TCP Sequence and ACK numbers: Number of bytes (not of segments) Example: TCP Sender sends segments of 1000 bytes Sequence numbers: 0, 1000, 2000, ACK number is the next expected byte offset e.g. receiver gets segments 0 and 2000 only, it set ACK field to 1000 (missing one) Reliable data transfer in TCP: Recall IP does not guarantee data delivery, in-order delivery, nor integrity TCP guarantees that, if data are delivered (which is best-effort), then they are: in-order, without gap, without duplication, not corrupted TCP flow control and error recovery: Hybrid of Go-back-N and Selective Repeat based on sliding windows (see Chapter 3)
22 TCP Congestion Control: TCP Needed because IP provides no explicit feedback to end systems regarding congestion control (recall IP routers drop packets if congestion is detected) TCP assumes a congestion if it times out or it receives NAKs (in fact there are no NAKs, but a repeated ACK is considered a NAK) TCP congestion heuristics: Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) If congested, rate is halved (but never below some threshold T) rate := max(t, rate/2) If relieved, rate increases by T rate := rate + T (T = Maximum segment size / estimated round trip delay) AIMD in dependence of time is (almost) a sawtooth curve Slow (or quick?) start: Initially, rate is set to T, but it increases exponentially after each round trip time. When losses occur (congestion), rate is decreased again. In reality, algorithm is slightly more complex. TCP distinguishes between the event timeout and the event NAK received and reacts on them differently.
23 Fairness: TCP TCP tries to divide available network bandwidth evenly among current connections using the network. However, the loophole is that applications can use parallel connections and have more share of the bandwidth. Web browsers use parallel connections to speed up communication TCP/UDP in wireless networks (term wireless TCP/UDP is misleading): In theory, transport layer protocols should be independent of the physical layer. However, TCP protocol implementations mostly assume that a timeout signalizes a congestion. They then slow down. Wireless networks are (still) very unreliable and may frequently loose packets (without congestion!). Thus, a timeout means that the sender should send the packet again and as soon as possible. In fact, we have here the opposite effect: the sender should speed up. In practice, problem is worse, since some parts of network may be wired and other parts wireless. In UDP, also the same problem, since in practice users expect UDP to be reliable (even if it is not). Unsatisfactory solutions exist (see book) T/TCP (Transactional TCP): TCP optimized for transaction processing (less messages for connection setup/release)
24 Some TCP-based Applications: TCP Port Protocol Use 21 FTP File transfer 23 Telnet Remote login 25 SMTP 69 TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol 79 Finger Lookup info about a user 80 HTTP World Wide Web 110 POP-3 Remote access 119 NNTP USENET news
ICOM 5026-090: Computer Networks Chapter 6: The Transport Layer. By Dr Yi Qian Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Fall 2006 UPRM
ICOM 5026-090: Computer Networks Chapter 6: The Transport Layer By Dr Yi Qian Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Fall 2006 Outline The transport service Elements of transport protocols A
More informationTransport Layer Protocols
Transport Layer Protocols Version. Transport layer performs two main tasks for the application layer by using the network layer. It provides end to end communication between two applications, and implements
More informationComputer Networks. Chapter 5 Transport Protocols
Computer Networks Chapter 5 Transport Protocols Transport Protocol Provides end-to-end transport Hides the network details Transport protocol or service (TS) offers: Different types of services QoS Data
More information[Prof. Rupesh G Vaishnav] Page 1
Basics The function of transport layer is to provide a reliable end-to-end communications service. It also provides data transfer service for the user layers above and shield the upper layers from the
More informationEthernet. Ethernet. Network Devices
Ethernet Babak Kia Adjunct Professor Boston University College of Engineering ENG SC757 - Advanced Microprocessor Design Ethernet Ethernet is a term used to refer to a diverse set of frame based networking
More informationTransport Layer. Chapter 3.4. Think about
Chapter 3.4 La 4 Transport La 1 Think about 2 How do MAC addresses differ from that of the network la? What is flat and what is hierarchical addressing? Who defines the IP Address of a device? What is
More informationChapter 11. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Chapter 11 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 1 CONTENTS PROCESS-TO-PROCESS COMMUNICATION USER DATAGRAM CHECKSUM UDP OPERATION USE OF UDP UDP PACKAGE The McGraw-Hill Companies,
More informationChapter 5. Transport layer protocols
Chapter 5. Transport layer protocols This chapter provides an overview of the most important and common protocols of the TCP/IP transport layer. These include: User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Transmission
More informationComputer Networks UDP and TCP
Computer Networks UDP and TCP Saad Mneimneh Computer Science Hunter College of CUNY New York I m a system programmer specializing in TCP/IP communication protocol on UNIX systems. How can I explain a thing
More informationFinal for ECE374 05/06/13 Solution!!
1 Final for ECE374 05/06/13 Solution!! Instructions: Put your name and student number on each sheet of paper! The exam is closed book. You have 90 minutes to complete the exam. Be a smart exam taker -
More information2057-15. First Workshop on Open Source and Internet Technology for Scientific Environment: with case studies from Environmental Monitoring
2057-15 First Workshop on Open Source and Internet Technology for Scientific Environment: with case studies from Environmental Monitoring 7-25 September 2009 TCP/IP Networking Abhaya S. Induruwa Department
More informationFirst Midterm for ECE374 03/09/12 Solution!!
1 First Midterm for ECE374 03/09/12 Solution!! Instructions: Put your name and student number on each sheet of paper! The exam is closed book. You have 90 minutes to complete the exam. Be a smart exam
More informationIP - The Internet Protocol
Orientation IP - The Internet Protocol IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP s current version is Version 4 (IPv4). It is specified in RFC 891. TCP UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP Network
More informationIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. TCP/IP Part I. Prof Indranil Sengupta Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur TCP/IP Part I Prof Indranil Sengupta Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture 3: TCP/IP Part I On completion, the student
More informationBasic Networking Concepts. 1. Introduction 2. Protocols 3. Protocol Layers 4. Network Interconnection/Internet
Basic Networking Concepts 1. Introduction 2. Protocols 3. Protocol Layers 4. Network Interconnection/Internet 1 1. Introduction -A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected
More informationAccess Control: Firewalls (1)
Access Control: Firewalls (1) World is divided in good and bad guys ---> access control (security checks) at a single point of entry/exit: in medieval castles: drawbridge in corporate buildings: security/reception
More informationq Connection establishment (if connection-oriented) q Data transfer q Connection release (if conn-oriented) q Addressing the transport user
Transport service characterization The Transport Layer End-to-End Protocols: UDP and TCP Connection establishment (if connection-oriented) Data transfer Reliable ( TCP) Unreliable / best effort ( UDP)
More informationNote! The problem set consists of two parts: Part I: The problem specifications pages Part II: The answer pages
Part I: The problem specifications NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Telematics Note! The problem set consists of two parts: Part I: The problem specifications pages
More informationOverview. Securing TCP/IP. Introduction to TCP/IP (cont d) Introduction to TCP/IP
Overview Securing TCP/IP Chapter 6 TCP/IP Open Systems Interconnection Model Anatomy of a Packet Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) Web Security (HTTP over TLS, Secure-HTTP) Lecturer: Pei-yih Ting 1 2
More informationCourse Overview: Learn the essential skills needed to set up, configure, support, and troubleshoot your TCP/IP-based network.
Course Name: TCP/IP Networking Course Overview: Learn the essential skills needed to set up, configure, support, and troubleshoot your TCP/IP-based network. TCP/IP is the globally accepted group of protocols
More informationTCP and Wireless Networks Classical Approaches Optimizations TCP for 2.5G/3G Systems. Lehrstuhl für Informatik 4 Kommunikation und verteilte Systeme
Chapter 2 Technical Basics: Layer 1 Methods for Medium Access: Layer 2 Chapter 3 Wireless Networks: Bluetooth, WLAN, WirelessMAN, WirelessWAN Mobile Networks: GSM, GPRS, UMTS Chapter 4 Mobility on the
More informationObjectives of Lecture. Network Architecture. Protocols. Contents
Objectives of Lecture Network Architecture Show how network architecture can be understood using a layered approach. Introduce the OSI seven layer reference model. Introduce the concepts of internetworking
More informationProtocols and Architecture. Protocol Architecture.
Protocols and Architecture Protocol Architecture. Layered structure of hardware and software to support exchange of data between systems/distributed applications Set of rules for transmission of data between
More informationIP address format: Dotted decimal notation: 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111 128.11.3.31
IP address format: 7 24 Class A 0 Network ID Host ID 14 16 Class B 1 0 Network ID Host ID 21 8 Class C 1 1 0 Network ID Host ID 28 Class D 1 1 1 0 Multicast Address Dotted decimal notation: 10000000 00001011
More informationThe OSI model has seven layers. The principles that were applied to arrive at the seven layers can be briefly summarized as follows:
1.4 Reference Models Now that we have discussed layered networks in the abstract, it is time to look at some examples. In the next two sections we will discuss two important network architectures, the
More informationImproved Digital Media Delivery with Telestream HyperLaunch
WHITE PAPER Improved Digital Media Delivery with Telestream THE CHALLENGE Increasingly, Internet Protocol (IP) based networks are being used to deliver digital media. Applications include delivery of news
More informationHow do I get to www.randomsite.com?
Networking Primer* *caveat: this is just a brief and incomplete introduction to networking to help students without a networking background learn Network Security. How do I get to www.randomsite.com? Local
More informationMobile Communications Chapter 9: Mobile Transport Layer
Mobile Communications Chapter 9: Mobile Transport Layer Motivation TCP-mechanisms Classical approaches Indirect TCP Snooping TCP Mobile TCP PEPs in general Additional optimizations Fast retransmit/recovery
More informationIP Network Layer. Datagram ID FLAG Fragment Offset. IP Datagrams. IP Addresses. IP Addresses. CSCE 515: Computer Network Programming TCP/IP
CSCE 515: Computer Network Programming TCP/IP IP Network Layer Wenyuan Xu Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Carolina IP Datagrams IP is the network layer packet delivery
More informationCOMP 361 Computer Communications Networks. Fall Semester 2003. Midterm Examination
COMP 361 Computer Communications Networks Fall Semester 2003 Midterm Examination Date: October 23, 2003, Time 18:30pm --19:50pm Name: Student ID: Email: Instructions: 1. This is a closed book exam 2. This
More informationThe Transport Layer. Antonio Carzaniga. October 24, 2014. Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano. 2005 2007 Antonio Carzaniga
The Transport Layer Antonio Carzaniga Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano October 24, 2014 Outline Basic concepts in transport-layer protocols Multiplexing/demultiplexing UDP message format Reliable
More informationLecture 28: Internet Protocols
Lecture 28: Internet Protocols 15-110 Principles of Computing, Spring 2016 Dilsun Kaynar, Margaret Reid-Miller, Stephanie Balzer Reminder: Exam 2 Exam 2 will take place next Monday, on April 4. Further
More informationArchitecture and Performance of the Internet
SC250 Computer Networking I Architecture and Performance of the Internet Prof. Matthias Grossglauser School of Computer and Communication Sciences EPFL http://lcawww.epfl.ch 1 Today's Objectives Understanding
More informationNetwork Programming TDC 561
Network Programming TDC 561 Lecture # 1 Dr. Ehab S. Al-Shaer School of Computer Science & Telecommunication DePaul University Chicago, IL 1 Network Programming Goals of this Course: Studying, evaluating
More informationCPS221 Lecture: Layered Network Architecture
CPS221 Lecture: Layered Network Architecture Objectives last revised 9/10/12 1. To discuss the OSI layered architecture model 2. To discuss the specific implementation of this model in TCP/IP Materials:
More informationProtocols. Packets. What's in an IP packet
Protocols Precise rules that govern communication between two parties TCP/IP: the basic Internet protocols IP: Internet Protocol (bottom level) all packets shipped from network to network as IP packets
More informationTransport and Network Layer
Transport and Network Layer 1 Introduction Responsible for moving messages from end-to-end in a network Closely tied together TCP/IP: most commonly used protocol o Used in Internet o Compatible with a
More informationTCP/IP and the Internet
TCP/IP and the Internet Computer networking today is becoming more and more entwined with the internet. By far the most popular protocol set in use is TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
More informationEITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L5: Wide Area Networks (WAN) Stefan Höst
EITF25 Internet Techniques and Applications L5: Wide Area Networks (WAN) Stefan Höst Data communication in reality In reality, the source and destination hosts are very seldom on the same network, for
More informationWe will give some overview of firewalls. Figure 1 explains the position of a firewall. Figure 1: A Firewall
Chapter 10 Firewall Firewalls are devices used to protect a local network from network based security threats while at the same time affording access to the wide area network and the internet. Basically,
More informationTCP for Wireless Networks
TCP for Wireless Networks Outline Motivation TCP mechanisms Indirect TCP Snooping TCP Mobile TCP Fast retransmit/recovery Transmission freezing Selective retransmission Transaction oriented TCP Adapted
More informationQuestion: 3 When using Application Intelligence, Server Time may be defined as.
1 Network General - 1T6-521 Application Performance Analysis and Troubleshooting Question: 1 One component in an application turn is. A. Server response time B. Network process time C. Application response
More informationData Networks Summer 2007 Homework #3
Data Networks Summer Homework # Assigned June 8, Due June in class Name: Email: Student ID: Problem Total Points Problem ( points) Host A is transferring a file of size L to host B using a TCP connection.
More informationNames & Addresses. Names & Addresses. Hop-by-Hop Packet Forwarding. Longest-Prefix-Match Forwarding. Longest-Prefix-Match Forwarding
Names & Addresses EE 122: IP Forwarding and Transport Protocols Scott Shenker http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee122/ (Materials with thanks to Vern Paxson, Jennifer Rexford, and colleagues at UC Berkeley)
More informationNetwork Layer: Network Layer and IP Protocol
1 Network Layer: Network Layer and IP Protocol Required reading: Garcia 7.3.3, 8.1, 8.2.1 CSE 3213, Winter 2010 Instructor: N. Vlajic 2 1. Introduction 2. Router Architecture 3. Network Layer Protocols
More informationLa couche transport dans l'internet (la suite TCP/IP)
La couche transport dans l'internet (la suite TCP/IP) C. Pham Université de Pau et des Pays de l Adour Département Informatique http://www.univ-pau.fr/~cpham Congduc.Pham@univ-pau.fr Cours de C. Pham,
More informationNote! The problem set consists of two parts: Part I: The problem specifications pages Part II: The answer pages
Part I: The problem specifications NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Telematics Note! The problem set consists of two parts: Part I: The problem specifications pages
More informationThis sequence diagram was generated with EventStudio System Designer (http://www.eventhelix.com/eventstudio).
Client App Network Server App 25-May-13 15:32 (Page 1) This sequence diagram was generated with EventStudio System Designer (http://www.eventhelix.com/eventstudio). TCP is an end to end protocol which
More informationNetwork-Oriented Software Development. Course: CSc4360/CSc6360 Instructor: Dr. Beyah Sessions: M-W, 3:00 4:40pm Lecture 2
Network-Oriented Software Development Course: CSc4360/CSc6360 Instructor: Dr. Beyah Sessions: M-W, 3:00 4:40pm Lecture 2 Topics Layering TCP/IP Layering Internet addresses and port numbers Encapsulation
More informationMidterm Exam CMPSCI 453: Computer Networks Fall 2011 Prof. Jim Kurose
Midterm Exam CMPSCI 453: Computer Networks Fall 2011 Prof. Jim Kurose Instructions: There are 4 questions on this exam. Please use two exam blue books answer questions 1, 2 in one book, and the remaining
More informationTCP/IP Fundamentals. OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline
OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline TCP/IP Fundamentals This seminar will present TCP/IP communications starting from Layer 2 up to Layer 4 (TCP/IP applications cover Layers 5-7) IP Addresses Data
More informationCS155 - Firewalls. Simon Cooper <sc@sgi.com> CS155 Firewalls 22 May 2003
CS155 - Firewalls Simon Cooper CS155 Firewalls 22 May 2003 1 Why Firewalls? Need for the exchange of information; education, business, recreation, social and political Need to do something
More informationOverview of TCP/IP. TCP/IP and Internet
Overview of TCP/IP System Administrators and network administrators Why networking - communication Why TCP/IP Provides interoperable communications between all types of hardware and all kinds of operating
More informationNetworking Test 4 Study Guide
Networking Test 4 Study Guide True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. IPX/SPX is considered the protocol suite of the Internet, and it is the most widely used protocol suite in LANs.
More informationVisualizations and Correlations in Troubleshooting
Visualizations and Correlations in Troubleshooting Kevin Burns Comcast kevin_burns@cable.comcast.com 1 Comcast Technology Groups Cable CMTS, Modem, Edge Services Backbone Transport, Routing Converged Regional
More informationComputer Networks and the Internet
? Computer the IMT2431 - Data Communication and Network Security January 7, 2008 ? Teachers are Lasse Øverlier and http://www.hig.no/~erikh Lectures and Lab in A126/A115 Course webpage http://www.hig.no/imt/in/emnesider/imt2431
More informationCOMP 3331/9331: Computer Networks and Applications. Lab Exercise 3: TCP and UDP (Solutions)
COMP 3331/9331: Computer Networks and Applications Lab Exercise 3: TCP and UDP (Solutions) AIM To investigate the behaviour of TCP and UDP in greater detail. EXPERIMENT 1: Understanding TCP Basics Tools
More informationMathatma Gandhi University
Mathatma Gandhi University BSc Computer Science IV th semester BCS 402 Computer Network &Internet MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The computer network is A) Network computer with cable B) Network computer
More informationFinal Exam. Route Computation: One reason why link state routing is preferable to distance vector style routing.
UCSD CSE CS 123 Final Exam Computer Networks Directions: Write your name on the exam. Write something for every question. You will get some points if you attempt a solution but nothing for a blank sheet
More informationTCP in Wireless Mobile Networks
TCP in Wireless Mobile Networks 1 Outline Introduction to transport layer Introduction to TCP (Internet) congestion control Congestion control in wireless networks 2 Transport Layer v.s. Network Layer
More informationWritten examination in Computer Networks
Written examination in Computer Networks February 14th 2014 Last name: First name: Student number: Provide on all sheets (including the cover sheet) your last name, rst name and student number. Use the
More informationInternet Control Protocols Reading: Chapter 3
Internet Control Protocols Reading: Chapter 3 ARP - RFC 826, STD 37 DHCP - RFC 2131 ICMP - RFC 0792, STD 05 1 Goals of Today s Lecture Bootstrapping an end host Learning its own configuration parameters
More informationCisco Configuring Commonly Used IP ACLs
Table of Contents Configuring Commonly Used IP ACLs...1 Introduction...1 Prerequisites...2 Hardware and Software Versions...3 Configuration Examples...3 Allow a Select Host to Access the Network...3 Allow
More informationImproving the Performance of TCP Using Window Adjustment Procedure and Bandwidth Estimation
Improving the Performance of TCP Using Window Adjustment Procedure and Bandwidth Estimation R.Navaneethakrishnan Assistant Professor (SG) Bharathiyar College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikal, India.
More informationHigh Performance VPN Solutions Over Satellite Networks
High Performance VPN Solutions Over Satellite Networks Enhanced Packet Handling Both Accelerates And Encrypts High-Delay Satellite Circuits Characteristics of Satellite Networks? Satellite Networks have
More informationNetwork Simulation Traffic, Paths and Impairment
Network Simulation Traffic, Paths and Impairment Summary Network simulation software and hardware appliances can emulate networks and network hardware. Wide Area Network (WAN) emulation, by simulating
More informationNetwork Models and Protocols
669-5ch01.fm Page 1 Friday, April 12, 2002 2:01 PM C H A P T E R Network Models and Protocols 1 EXAM OBJECTIVES 1.1 Layered Network Models 1.2 The Layers of the TCP/IP 5-Layer Model 1.3 Network Protocols
More informationUnderstanding TCP/IP. Introduction. What is an Architectural Model? APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Introduction Understanding TCP/IP To fully understand the architecture of Cisco Centri Firewall, you need to understand the TCP/IP architecture on which the Internet is based. This appendix
More informationFirst Semester Examinations 2011/12 INTERNET PRINCIPLES
PAPER CODE NO. EXAMINER : Martin Gairing COMP211 DEPARTMENT : Computer Science Tel. No. 0151 795 4264 First Semester Examinations 2011/12 INTERNET PRINCIPLES TIME ALLOWED : Two Hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
More informationCSIS 3230. CSIS 3230 Spring 2012. Networking, its all about the apps! Apps on the Edge. Application Architectures. Pure P2P Architecture
Networking, its all about the apps! CSIS 3230 Chapter 2: Layer Concepts Chapter 5.4: Link Layer Addressing Networks exist to support apps Web Social ing Multimedia Communications Email File transfer Remote
More informationInternet Concepts. What is a Network?
Internet Concepts Network, Protocol Client/server model TCP/IP Internet Addressing Development of the Global Internet Autumn 2004 Trinity College, Dublin 1 What is a Network? A group of two or more devices,
More informationHow To Understand The Layered Architecture Of A Network
COMPUTER NETWORKS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS The Need for Standards Computers have different architectures, store data in different formats and communicate at different rates Agreeing on a particular
More informationIntroduction to Computer Networks
Introduction to Computer Networks Chen Yu Indiana University Basic Building Blocks for Computer Networks Nodes PC, server, special-purpose hardware, sensors Switches Links: Twisted pair, coaxial cable,
More informationCS268 Exam Solutions. 1) End-to-End (20 pts)
CS268 Exam Solutions General comments: ) If you would like a re-grade, submit in email a complete explanation of why your solution should be re-graded. Quote parts of your solution if necessary. In person
More informationB-2 Analyzing TCP/IP Networks with Wireshark. Ray Tompkins Founder of Gearbit www.gearbit.com
B-2 Analyzing TCP/IP Networks with Wireshark June 15, 2010 Ray Tompkins Founder of Gearbit www.gearbit.com SHARKFEST 10 Stanford University June 14-17, 2010 TCP In this session we will examine the details
More informationChapter 3: Review of Important Networking Concepts. Magda El Zarki Dept. of CS UC Irvine elzarki@uci.edu http://www.ics.uci.
Chapter 3: Review of Important Networking Concepts Magda El Zarki Dept. of CS UC Irvine elzarki@uci.edu http://www.ics.uci.edu/~magda 1 Networking Concepts Protocol Architecture Protocol Layers Encapsulation
More informationInternet Protocols. Background CHAPTER
CHAPTER 3 Internet Protocols Background The Internet protocols are the world s most popular open-system (nonproprietary) protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected
More informationInternet Protocol: IP packet headers. vendredi 18 octobre 13
Internet Protocol: IP packet headers 1 IPv4 header V L TOS Total Length Identification F Frag TTL Proto Checksum Options Source address Destination address Data (payload) Padding V: Version (IPv4 ; IPv6)
More informationOverview of Computer Networks
Overview of Computer Networks Client-Server Transaction Client process 4. Client processes response 1. Client sends request 3. Server sends response Server process 2. Server processes request Resource
More informationPART OF THE PICTURE: The TCP/IP Communications Architecture
PART OF THE PICTURE: The / Communications Architecture 1 PART OF THE PICTURE: The / Communications Architecture BY WILLIAM STALLINGS The key to the success of distributed applications is that all the terminals
More informationModule 1. Introduction. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 1 Introduction Lesson 2 Layered Network Architecture Specific Functional Objectives On Completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: State the requirement for layered approach Explain
More informationEncapsulating Voice in IP Packets
Encapsulating Voice in IP Packets Major VoIP Protocols This topic defines the major VoIP protocols and matches them with the seven layers of the OSI model. Major VoIP Protocols 15 The major VoIP protocols
More informationWhat is a DoS attack?
CprE 592-YG Computer and Network Forensics Log-based Signature Analysis Denial of Service Attacks - from analyst s point of view Yong Guan 3216 Coover Tel: (515) 294-8378 Email: guan@ee.iastate.edu October
More informationEXPLORER. TFT Filter CONFIGURATION
EXPLORER TFT Filter Configuration Page 1 of 9 EXPLORER TFT Filter CONFIGURATION Thrane & Thrane Author: HenrikMøller Rev. PA4 Page 1 6/15/2006 EXPLORER TFT Filter Configuration Page 2 of 9 1 Table of Content
More informationDigital Audio and Video Data
Multimedia Networking Reading: Sections 3.1.2, 3.3, 4.5, and 6.5 CS-375: Computer Networks Dr. Thomas C. Bressoud 1 Digital Audio and Video Data 2 Challenges for Media Streaming Large volume of data Each
More informationComputer Networks/DV2 Lab
Computer Networks/DV2 Lab Room: BB 219 Additional Information: http://www.fb9dv.uni-duisburg.de/ti/en/education/teaching/ss08/netlab Equipment for each group: - 1 Server computer (OS: Windows 2000 Advanced
More informationSolution of Exercise Sheet 5
Foundations of Cybersecurity (Winter 15/16) Prof. Dr. Michael Backes CISPA / Saarland University saarland university computer science Protocols = {????} Client Server IP Address =???? IP Address =????
More informationLoad Balancing and Sessions. C. Kopparapu, Load Balancing Servers, Firewalls and Caches. Wiley, 2002.
Load Balancing and Sessions C. Kopparapu, Load Balancing Servers, Firewalls and Caches. Wiley, 2002. Scalability multiple servers Availability server fails Manageability Goals do not route to it take servers
More informationPrefix AggregaNon. Company X and Company Y connect to the same ISP, and they are assigned the prefixes:
Data Transfer Consider transferring an enormous file of L bytes from Host A to B using a MSS of 1460 bytes and a 66 byte header. What is the maximum value of L such that TCP sequence numbers are not exhausted?
More informationWhy SSL is better than IPsec for Fully Transparent Mobile Network Access
Why SSL is better than IPsec for Fully Transparent Mobile Network Access SESSION ID: SP01-R03 Aidan Gogarty HOB Inc. aidan.gogarty@hob.de What are we all trying to achieve? Fully transparent network access
More informationThe OSI and TCP/IP Models. Lesson 2
The OSI and TCP/IP Models Lesson 2 Objectives Exam Objective Matrix Technology Skill Covered Exam Objective Exam Objective Number Introduction to the OSI Model Compare the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP
More informationFirewalls. Basic Firewall Concept. Why firewalls? Firewall goals. Two Separable Topics. Firewall Design & Architecture Issues
CS 155 May 20, 2004 Firewalls Basic Firewall Concept Separate local area net from internet Firewall John Mitchell Credit: some text, illustrations from Simon Cooper Router All packets between LAN and internet
More informationChapter 3. Internet Applications and Network Programming
Chapter 3 Internet Applications and Network Programming 1 Introduction The Internet offers users a rich diversity of services none of the services is part of the underlying communication infrastructure
More informationHow To Design A Layered Network In A Computer Network
A Layered Approach to Computer Networks Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Different layer of abstraction Different error control
More informationUser Datagram Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Página 1 de 6 User Datagram Protocol From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Using UDP, programs on networked computers
More informationModule 7 Internet And Internet Protocol Suite
Module 7 Internet And Internet Protocol Suite Lesson 21 Internet and IPv4 LESSON OBJECTIVE General The lesson will discuss a popular network layer protocol, i.e. the Internet Protocol Specific The focus
More informationIntroduction to TCP/IP
Introduction to TCP/IP Raj Jain The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Nayna Networks Milpitas, CA 95035 Email: Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview! Internetworking Protocol
More informationThe OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite To discuss the idea of multiple layering in data communication and networking and the interrelationship between layers. To discuss the OSI model and its layer
More informationHow To Understand The Internet Of S (Netware)
Summer Workshop on Cyber Security Computer s Security (Part 1) Dr. Hamed Mohsenian-Rad University of California at Riverside and Texas Tech University August 12-16, 2013 Supported by National Science Foundation
More informationTCP Performance Management for Dummies
TCP Performance Management for Dummies Nalini Elkins Inside Products, Inc. Monday, August 8, 2011 Session Number 9285 Our SHARE Sessions Orlando 9285: TCP/IP Performance Management for Dummies Monday,
More information