Lingua e Cultura inglese

Transcription

1 Lingua e Cultura inglese Prof.ssa Fabiana Loparco Michael Vince - Grazia Cerulli New Inside Grammar Oxford, Macmillan, 2009 Università degli Studi di Macerata Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, dei Beni Culturali e del Turismo Classe: L-19 Anno Accademico 2014/2015

2 Lesson number: Il gerundio 2. Modals of deduction 3. Contrast linkers 4. Aggettivi sostantivati

3 1. Il gerundio Il Gerundio si forma aggiungendo ing alla forma base del verbo: to walk = walking to talk = talking to think = thinking to listen = listening La forma negativa si ottiene con not: not walking not talking not thinking not listening

4 La forma in ing si usa: dopo verbi come like, love, hate, enjoy, stop, finish, mind, imagine, admit, deny, suggest She loves swimming Please stop shouting! Just imagine being there now spesso dopo go per parlare di sport o hobby che implicano uno spostamento: go swimming, go skiing, go jogging, go dancing, go shopping Dopo le preposizioni about, at, in, for, before We are talking about writing in English Thanks for helping me today Are you interested in learning Spanish?

5 come soggetto di una frase Running is a good exercise in funzione di sostantivo He likes swimming (= il nuoto) in alcune espressioni come it s (not) worth ( non ne vale la pena ), it s no good, there s/it s no use ( non serve a niente ), there s no point ( non ha senso ) There s no use trying to talk to her con la funzione di gerundio nei tempi continui (present progressive, present perfect progressive, past progressive, past perfect progressive) The number is growing

6 Exercises Scegli l opzione corretta I think that to swim/swimming is the best form of exercise Look at all those people! They re making/to make a film or something! I want to travel/travelling somewhere exotic Every Sunday morning dad goes fishing/to fish in the river near our house Can you imagine living/to live in the North Pole? I don t mind to wait/waiting. Take your time Let s go/going to that new restaurant There s no point decorating/to decorate this flat. We re going to sell it.

7 Exercises Scegli l opzione corretta I think that to swim/swimming is the best form of exercise Look at all those people! They re making/to make a film or something! I want to travel/travelling somewhere exotic Every Sunday morning dad goes fishing/to fish in the river near our house Can you imagine living/to live in the North Pole? I don t mind to wait/waiting. Take your time Let s go/going to that new restaurant There s no point decorating/to decorate this flat. We re going to sell it.

8 2. Modals of deduction Per esprimere deduzioni e formulare supposizioni si usano i verbi modali: AFFERMATIVO NEGATIVO must can t (almost certain) may may not might might not (uncertain) could Nota: la forma negativa couldn t non è usata per esprimere supposizioni

9 Si usa la forma base presente per ipotesi riferite al presente, e la forma base passata (present perfect) per ipotesi riferite al passato. Perhaps you are right (uncertain) You may/might/could be right Perhaps the weather will improve (uncertain) The weather may/might/could improve No doubt they were very young (almost certain) They must have been very young I m sure she didn t see the red light (almost certain) She can t have seen the red light Per formare le interrogative si usano solo might e could Could/Might Mary be in the shower? non May Mary be?

10 Leggi il dialogo e completa con must o can t Exercises Brian: Hey Jan, who s that girl talking to Gillian? Jan: I don t know. She be Gillian s sister Karen. Karen is blonde and that girl is dark. She be a friend. Brian: Yes, she be a good friend. They have a lot to talk about. Jan: And who s the boy serving the drinks? He be Pete s brother or a cousin. He be a guest, serving at the bar. Brian: Yes, he be a member of the family. But he be Pete s older brother, he s studying in America. Jan: Are you sure?i thought I saw him at the supermarket yesterday. He be in America now.

11 Leggi il dialogo e completa con must o can t Exercises Brian: Hey Jan, who s that girl talking to Gillian? Jan: I don t know. She can t be Gillian s sister Karen. Karen is blonde and that girl is dark. She must be a friend. Brian: Yes, she must be a good friend. They have a lot to talk about. Jan: And who s the boy serving the drinks? He must be Pete s brother or a cousin. He can t be a guest, serving at the bar. Brian: Yes, he must be a member of the family. But he can t be Pete s older brother, he s studying in America. Jan: Are you sure? I thought I saw him at the supermarket yesterday. He can t be in America now.

12 Exercises Riordina le parole per formare le frasi found out/alice/he/may/have/about have/could/she/to the university/gone home/he/gone/have/might? it/they/find/not/might

13 Exercises Riordina le parole per formare le frasi found out/alice/he/may/have/about He may have found out about Alice have/could/she/to the university/gone She could have gone to the university home/he/gone/have/might? Might he have gone home? it/they/find/not/might They might not find it

14 3. Contrast linkers Although, though e, più enfatico, even though hanno valore concessivo = sebbene, anche se. Il significato è simile a however = tuttavia While, whereas e on the contrary esprimono contrasto. Whereas ha un valore più avversativo rispetto a while; on the contrary può esprimere un contrasto netto On the other hand è usato quando si considera una stessa cosa da un punto di vista diverso Although/Though he s never studied Art, he is a real expert (= He s never studied Art. However he is a real expert) Even though he s never studied Art, he s a real expert I love travelling, while/whereas my husband prefers a quieter holiday I love travelling. My husband, on the contrary, prefers a quieter holiday It s true that the hotel is expensive. On the other hand, the service is excellent Despite/in spite of + sostantivo o verbo in ing hanno il significato di nonostante Despite/In spite of her hillness, Maria went to school Despite/In spite of being ill, Maria went to school

15 Exercises Sottolinea la congiunzione corretta I read a book that you suggested. I didn t enjoy it, although/however In spite of/although we warned him, Harry still got lost Although/However I like it here, I won t stay long Catherine won the race, although/despite falling over Although/In spite of the delay, the train arrived on time

16 Exercises Sottolinea la congiunzione corretta I read a book that you suggested. I didn t enjoy it, although/however In spite of/although we warned him, Harry still got lost Although/However I like it here, I won t stay long Catherine won the race, although/despite falling over Although/In spite of the delay, the train arrived on time

17 4. Aggettivi sostantivati/adjective as nouns In inglese gli aggettivi non possono di norma essere usati come sostantivi. Per non ripetere un sostantivo già menzionato si usano i pronomi one, ones He s a rich man non He is a rich This jacket is too big. Haven t you got a smaller one? non a smaller Which glasses do you want, the big or the small ones?

18 Alcuni aggettivi indicanti una intera categoria di persone possono essere usati come sostantivi. Fra questi i più comuni sono: the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the unemployed, the homeless, the disable, the sick, the blind, the deaf, the dead There are special books for the blind (o for the blind people) Gli aggettivi sostantivati sono di norma preceduti da the e hanno significato plurale The problems of the young (o Young people s problems ) Non sono usati nella forma possessiva The young s problem

19 Exercises Trasforma la frase usando l aggettivo sostantivato Intelligent people are not arrogant. Old men and young children were evacuated from the building Rich people are privileged. Poor people can t afford a car

20 Exercises Trasforma la frase usando l aggettivo sostantivato Intelligent people are not arrogant. The intelligent are not arrogant Old men and young children were evacuated from the building The old and the young were evacuated from the building Rich people are privileged. The rich are privileged Poor people can t afford a car The poor can t afford a car

21 Per approfondire ed esercitarsi: Lesson & excercises pp. 69; 90; ; New Inside Grammar

22 English Children s Literature

23 Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone Author: Joanne "Jo" Rowling Publication date: June 26, 1997