Ocean Currents & Biomes. 27 October 2016
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1 Ocean Currents & Biomes 27 October 2016
2 Bellwork Pick up MC bellwork by the door.
3 Agenda MC Bellwork Ocean Current & Biomes Notes IP: FRQ
4 Outcomes Explain how ocean & air currents influence global & regional climates [G/L] Define & give examples of different terrestrial & aquatic biomes [G/L] Explain how terrestrial biomes are identified
5 Ocean Currents (Module 11) Describe the patterns of surface ocean circulation Explain the mixing of surface and deep ocean waters from thermohaline circulation Identify the causes and consequences of ENSO
6 Surface Ocean Currents Why do you think surface ocean currents are important factors in global climate?
7 Surface Ocean Currents Surface ocean currents move warm and cold waters to different parts of the globe. Warm currents flow from the tropics to northern latitudes and cool currents flow in the opposite direction
8 Surface Ocean Currents Ocean currents are driven by a combination of: Temperature Gravity Prevailing winds The Coriolis effect Salinity Location of current
9 Equator gets more direct sunlight Because the equator gets more direct sunlight, the water at the equation is warmer Warm water (like warm air) expands and rises This actually raises the tropical water surface about 8cm (3in) higher than the mid-latitude waters. This slight slope is sufficient for the force of gravity to make water flow away from the equator & for surface currents to flow
10 Major surface ocean currents
11 Gyres Gyre: a large-scale pattern of water circulation that moves clockwise in the N. Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the S. Hemisphere As water moves away from the equator, trade winds, gravity, and the Coriolis effect impact the direction of flow. Gyres redistribute heat in the ocean.
12 Upwelling Upwelling: the upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as a result of diverging currents. Upwelling produces nutrient rich, highly productive areas. Support large fisheries and a great number of producers
13 Areas of significant upwelling
14 Deep Ocean Currents Thermohaline circulation (THC): An oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water. THC moves heat and nutrients around the globe.
15 Deep Ocean Currents
16 El Niño Southern Oscillation El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Heating of sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean that results in a reversal of wind and water currents in the South Pacific. ENSO occurs every 5-7 years
17 El Niño Southern Oscillation
18 ENSO Impacts Cool, wet winters in the southern US Warmer winters in the midwestern US Monsoons across central Africa
19 Think-Pair-Share Which of the following does NOT drive ocean currents? A. Salinity B. Prevailing Winds C. Gravity D. Temperature E. Precipitation
20 Think-Pair-Share Which of the following does NOT drive ocean currents? A. Salinity B. Prevailing Winds C. Gravity D. Temperature E. Precipitation
21 Think-Pair-Share High productivity and nutrient availability in the ocean occurs in areas with A. Gyres B. Upwelling C. Warm waters D. El Niño E. Prevailing westerlies
22 Think-Pair-Share High productivity and nutrient availability in the ocean occurs in areas with A. Gyres B. Upwelling C. Warm waters D. El Niño E. Prevailing westerlies
23
24 Terrestrial Biomes Explain how we define terrestrial biomes Interpret climate diagrams Identify the nine terrestrial biomes
25 Terrestrial Biomes Terrestrial biome: a geographic region categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation, and distinctive plant communities on land Terrestrial biomes are commonly designated by their climate and plants.
26
27 Terrestrial Biomes of the World
28 Climate Diagrams Climate diagrams are a helpful way to visualize regional patters of temperature and precipitation.
29
30 Kinds of terrestrial biomes 8 major terrestrial biomes Tundra & Boeral Tundra Boreal forest Temperate Temperate rainforest Temperate seasonal forest Woodland/Shrubland Temperate grassland/cold desert Tropical Tropical rainforest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Subtropical desert
31 Think-Pair-Share In addition to temperature, a terrestrial biome is defined by: I. Annual precipitation II. Distinctive animal species III. Distinctive plant species a. I only b. I and II only c. I and III only d. II and III only e. I, II, and III
32 Think-Pair-Share In addition to temperature, a terrestrial biome is defined by: I. Annual precipitation II. Distinctive animal species III. Distinctive plant species a. I only b. I and II only c. I and III only d. II and III only e. I, II, and III
33
34 Aquatic Biomes Identify the major freshwater biomes Identify the major marine biomes
35 Aquatic Biomes Aquatic biomes are characterized by physical characteristics such as salinity, depth, and water flow. Two major categories: freshwater and marine
36 Freshwater Biomes Freshwater biomes have low salinity There are 3 major freshwater biome designations Streams & Rivers Lakes & Ponds Freshwater Wetlands
37 Marine Biomes Marine biomes contain salt water There are five major distinctions: Salt marshes Mangrove swamps Intertidal zones Coral reefs The open ocean
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