An isotope notation is written as, where X is the, A is the (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the.

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1 Unit 3: Nuclear Chemistry Notes Name Review: Isotope notation An isotope notation is written as, where X is the, A is the (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the. For example U U is for, mass number is, and atomic number is The isotope can also be written as for short since uranium will always have the atomic number of 92. What is nuclear chemistry? Nuclear chemistry is the study of processes in which the in some way. Three different types of changes: Radioactive Decay Radioactive decay is when an into smaller nuclei, or changes in some other way to make it more stable. All elements have radioactive isotopes in which the makes the nuclei unstable. All elements past uranium have NO stable isotopes. As a result, all of these elements undergo radioactive decay of some sort. Nuclear radiation When radioactive decay occurs, the nuclei of an element either _ in order to gain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. Here are the following types of nuclear decay you need to know:

2 Alpha radiation Alpha particle is a with and. It has a charge. Alpha particle can be written as or Alpha particles are the type of radiation particle and most. Alpha particles can be blocked by your. Alpha decay This is when a nucleus loses an alpha particle (a helium nucleus) to become more stable. One example of this reaction is the alpha decay of U-238 polonium-20 thorium-230 Beta radiation Beta particle is an. It has a charge. Beta particle can be written as or. Beta particles are and can have. Alpha particles can be blocked by. Beta decay This is when there is an uneven ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus ( neutrons), an excess neutron will split. One example of this reaction is the beta decay of Lead-20 carbon-4

3 thorium-23 Gamma radiation Gamma ray is high-energy or ray. It has a no charge. Gamma ray can be written as Gamma rays are high frequency and the type of radiation. This makes them the. Alpha particles can be blocked by. Gamma Emission This is when the nucleus needs to and achieve stability during nuclear reaction. Usually gets emitted along with alpha and beta particles. One example of this reaction is the beta decay of Cobalt-60 Cobalt-60 decay by beta emission to excited Nickel-60. Then excited 60 Ni falls to stable ground state of 60 Ni by emission of 2 gamma rays carbon- oxygen-5 How to write a balanced nuclear equation Step : Write the of the nuclide that s decaying. Step 2: One of the products of this reaction is the (alpha, beta, or gamma). Step 3: Figure out the other product. Because the law of conservation of mass does a pretty good job of describing how the world works,

4 Decay Summary Type of Radioactive Decay Particle Emitted Change in Mass Number Change in Atomic Number Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Decay Balanced nuclear equation Example Complete each of the following nuclear equation Ra He K + β n N + H 0 Nuclear Fission Nuclear fission occurs when, (usually isotopes of uranium and plutonium) are into smaller, more stable atoms. During this process, huge amounts of. How does Nuclear Fission work? Fission happens when the nuclei are. The large nuclei split into smaller nuclei, releasing neutrons, and a large amount of. A can be created, and a amount of energy can be release in a very amount of time. Nuclear Fission in Real Life are powered by fission reaction. Since a very large amount of energy can be released in a very short amount of time, fission must be controlled! A is inserted into the reaction in order to, and help keep the chain reaction from multiplying.

5 Nuclear Fusion Nuclear fusion is the opposite of fission. Nuclear fusion occurs when to form larger, more stable atoms. This type of reaction releases even bomb. Nuclear Fusion in Real Life Fusion is hard to use in practical applications because it requires (0 8 K). Such extreme temperatures exist, however, in stars, and fusion is responsible for the. Where does the energy come from? The energy released from fission and fusion comes from the. Law of conservation of energy and law of conservation of mass the larger up into smaller nuclei, some is. for that loss, the. Half-life Half-life: is the it takes for of a radioisotope to into its products. During one half-life, half of the original sample will decay. The the half-life time, the the isotope is going to be. The half-life of the radioisotope strontium-90 is 29 years. If you had 0 grams of strontium-90 today, how much would you have 29 years from now? How much would be left in 58 years?