Social Studies Grade 8 Unit 01 Assessment Items: Exploration and Colonization

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1 Social Studies rade 8 Unit 01 Assessment Items: Exploration and olonization This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission.

2 1 Which of the following was a chief economic cause for colonization in the Americas? A Slavery B Mercantilism Industrialization D Plantation system 2 Which of the following sequence of events is in correct chronological order? H Establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses ounding of amestown Signing of the Mayflower ompact Writing of the undamental Orders of onnecticut ounding of amestown Establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses Signing of the Mayflower ompact Writing of the undamental Orders of onnecticut ounding of amestown Signing of the Mayflower ompact Writing of the undamental Orders of onnecticut Establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses Signing of the Mayflower ompact ounding of amestown Establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses Writing of the undamental Orders of onnecticut 3 Which colony was founded in 1607? A amestown B Pennsylvania Rhode Island D Roanoke 4 Which of the following was a motivation for British colonization in North America? Escape famine Exploit Indian labor H Seek religious freedom Develop vast plantations Page 2 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

3 Sixteenth-century England was a tumultuous place. Because they could make more money from selling wool than from selling food, many of the nation s landowners were converting farmers fields into pastures for sheep. This led to a food shortage; at the same time, many agricultural workers lost their jobs. The 16th century was also the age of mercantilism, an extremely competitive economic philosophy that pushed European nations to acquire as many colonies as they could. As a result, for the most part, the English colonies in North America were business ventures. They provided an outlet for England s surplus population and (in some cases) more religious freedom than England did, but their primary purpose was to make money for their sponsors. The Thirteen olonies," (accessed uly 22, 2014) 5 Based on the information in the above excerpt, the thirteen colonies were mainly established because of A political unrest in Europe B religious changes in Europe social inequalities in Europe D economic conditions in Europe 6 Early colonial Maryland was predominately home to atholics, while colonial Pennsylvania was home to Anglicans Quakers H Puritans Mormons 7 Which of the following conditions contributed to the development of representative government in the American colonies? A rench merchants desired to control the fur trade in anada. B British colonists were accustomed to parliamentary systems. Many of the colonial charters were written by early revolutionary leaders. D American Indian tribes shared successful agricultural products with colonists. Page 3 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

4 8 Why was the creation of the undamental Orders of onnecticut an important milestone in the growth of representative government in the colonies? It was a written constitution and is considered the first in the colonies. It was a social contract requiring settlers to sign a loyalty oath to Britain. H It established the first legislature in the colonies, the House of Burgesses. It set the precedent for the idea of judicial review for laws from ongress. 9 Which of the following was a characteristic of the Virginia House of Burgesses? A It had 435 members. B Members were chosen by the governor. The governor had no power in its decisions. D Representatives were elected by the people. 10 Religious leaders contributed to the growth of representative governments in the thirteen colonies by establishing self-governing bodies in the colonies writing constitutions for the colonies in New England H advocating for political rights for both men and women requiring religious training before allowing citizens to vote 11 One way the lives of free blacks differed from the lives of enslaved people was that free blacks were able to A join the army B run for political office work in small businesses D vote in national elections 12 How did the practice of slavery influence colonial life in the South prior to and after the American Revolution? African American-owned businesses contributed to colonial wealth. An agrarian economy developed based on the plantation system. H Textile industries relocated to the South where slavery provided free labor. The Southern colonial economy grew wealthy from trading enslaved people. Page 4 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

5 13 Which of the following is located at #1 on the map? A Boston B amestown New York ity D Philadelphia 14 Which of the following is located at #2 on the map? Boston amestown H New York ity Philadelphia Page 5 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

6 15 Which of the following is located at #4 on the map? A Boston B amestown New York ity D Philadelphia 16 Which of the British colonies in North America was settled mostly by Puritans? New England colonies Middle colonies H Southern colonies Western territories 17 Which of the following geographic factors contributed to the colonization and rapid development of the North arolina, New ersey, Virginia, New York, and Massachusetts Bay colonies? A They were located along the Atlantic oast. B They were established by farmers and artisans. They were home to many American Indian tribes. D They were protected by the Appalachian Mountains. 18 How did physical geography influence the settlement patterns that emerged in the American colonies? The Southern colonies had too many forests. The New England colonies had the most water resources. H The hesapeake Bay attracted farmers because of the fertile soil. The Appalachian Mountains acted as a barrier to western settlement. 19 Why were rench explorers interested in claiming the Mississippi River and having access to the reat Lakes? A They believed that gold was located there. B They were mainly fur trappers and traders. They found no eastern coast land available. D They were farmers who wanted the rich lands. Page 6 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

7 20 Trade and ommerce in olonial America New England Middle Southern olonies olonies olonies urs ish Timber rains lour Metal oods Tobacco Indigo -?- Which of the following commercial items best completes the table? Lumber Rice H Ships Textiles 21 The transatlantic slave trade began when A sugar plantations in the West Indies needed labor B cotton became a cash crop in the southern colonies American Indians refused to work on southern plantations D indentured servants went on strike in the southern colonies 22 Which of the following colonial regions had the best soil and climate for large-scale agriculture? New England colonies Middle colonies H Southern colonies West Indian colonies 23 What was the primary cause of economic differences among the colonies in North America? A eography B Nationality Religion D Tradition Page 7 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

8 24 William Penn helped to create limited government in the Pennsylvania colony by supporting a colonial union writing a colonial constitution H creating a colonial legislature granting free blacks colonial citizenship 25 Which of the following people had the most direct influence on the writing of the undamental Orders of onnecticut? A William Blackstone B Thomas Hooker ohn Locke D William Penn 26 Montesquieu and Locke were both significant individuals in the development of representative government in the colonies because each of them trained elected colonial officials many of their ideas influenced colonial leaders H their efforts helped to end slavery in the colonies they established the first parliaments in the colonies 27 Which group settled in New York primarily for economic gains? A Spanish B rench Dutch D erman 28 British colonist Eliza Luca Pinckney is most noted for her contributions to art and literature in the early colonies the founding of the amestown colony H economic development in South arolina abolitionist movements in the southern colonies Page 8 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

9 Smart, outspoken and opinionated, Anne Hutchinson was the daughter of an English minister, well versed in the Bible and devoted to the teaching of the popular preacher ohn otton. In 1634, Anne and her family arrived in Boston, where her husband built a house directly across the street from the renowned and respected three-time governor of Massachusetts, ohn Winthrop. Trained as a midwife and nurse, Hutchinson began to hold small meetings in her home to discuss ohn otton's sermons. Soon the meetings were attracting up to 60 people -- men and women. or a woman to engage theological discussions posed a subtle challenge to the patriarchy that governed the Bay olony. rom across the street, ohn Winthrop characterized Hutchinson as "a woman of haughty and fierce carriage, of a nimble wit and active spirit, and a very voluble tongue, more bold than a man." Hutchinson gave Winthrop ample reason to worry. In the fall of 1636, she accused Puritan ministers of making salvation dependent on an individual's good works rather than on divine grace, which was contrary to Puritan teaching. The ministers denied this charge, arguing that good works are evidence of conversion and salvation, not the grounds of salvation. They argued that they were therefore not teaching a ovenant of Works. Hutchinson persisted, arguing that assurance of salvation came from a mystical experience of grace -- "an inward conviction of the coming of the Spirit." She believed that by teaching that good works were evidence of true conversion and salvation, ministers were still preaching a ovenant of Works rather than a ovenant of race. "People & Ideas: Anne Hutchinson," od In America, (accessed uly 22, 2014) 29 Based on information in the above excerpt, why were Anne Hutchinson s ideas so upsetting to the leaders of Massachusetts Bay olony? A She threatened to start her own colony. B She encouraged women to leave the hurch. She argued for a separation of church and state. D She challenged the authority of men in the colony. 30 Roger Williams was motivated to establish Rhode Island as a colony because he wanted to expand slavery into new territory guarantee political rights for women H end state interference in church affairs provide a safe haven for persecuted atholics Page 9 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. O ON

10 31 Which of the following resulted from the irst reat Awakening? A Religious leaders took on prominent political roles. B Newly formed religious groups created their own colonies. harismatic preachers spread the ideals of the Enlightenment. D Many religious denominations experienced a growth in numbers. Page 10 This document is the property of the TMP and may not be replicated or changed without permission. STOP