Chapter 3. Matter Properties and Changes
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1 Chapter 3 Matter Properties and Changes
2 Warm Up (for collection!) These are directly from the podcasts if you did the homework you should be a pro!! If you set these up correctly you ll get a 100 homework grade. How many km are there in 85,412 cm? A cube of solid material has a mass of 13.6 g and a side length of 2.2 cm. Does it float in water??
3 Matter Substance pure, uniform and unchanging composition Examples: Salt NaCl Water H 2 O Is sea water a pure substance?
4 Salt Pond Bay St. John USVI During the dry season this is what you will find when visiting Salt Pond Bay. The bay is connected to the ocean during rainy seasons.
5 What happens at Salt Pond Bay? Why does the salt crystallize on the shore and on exposed rocks?
6 States of Matter Describe the matter inside your container. What is the shape? Does it take up all the space in the container? Can you squeeze it and reduce the volume?
7 States of Matter Solids Definite shape Definite volume Solids can be soft like wax or hard like rocks Examples: wood, iron, paper, sugar
8 States of Matter Liquids Takes shape of container Definite volume Liquids flow and the particles are not rigidly held in place Examples: water, blood, mercury
9 Gases States of Matter Takes shape of its container Takes volume of its container Gas particles are far apart and are easily compressed Examples: oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium Vapor is a gaseous state of something that is a solid or liquid at room temperature
10 Physical Properties of Matter Extensive If I cut my object in half, this property would change Mass Volume Length Intensive If I cut my object in half, this property would be the same Color Density Taste Smell These are all categorized as PHYSICAL properties
11 Chemical Properties of Matter Ability to CHANGE and REACT with other matter Rusting Burning Reactivity with Acids or Bases
12 Chemical or Physical Properties?? Fe + O 2 Fe 2 O 3 (RUST!) Iron is more dense than Aluminum. Magnesium burns brightly when ignited. Sugar dissolves in water. Sugar burning. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature. Chlorine has a green colored flame. Liquid water cannot reach temperatures higher than 373 K.
13 Conservation of Mass Matter is neither chemically created nor destroyed Whatever mass you start with, you end up with! Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products Bread + Cheese Grilled Cheese Sandwich 1 g + 0.5g 1.5g
14 Practice Problems In the complete reaction of 22.99g of sodium with g of chlorine, what mass of sodium chloride is formed? A 12.2 g sample of X reacts with a sample of Y to form 78.9 g of XY. What is the mass of Y that reacted?
15 Warm Up! Which of these measurements was made with the most precise measuring device: m, 8.20 m, m and why? A common brand of cough syrup comes in a 4- fl oz bottle. The active ingredient in the cough syrup is dextromethorphan. For an adult, the standard dose is 2 tsp, and a single dose contains 20 mg of dextromethorphan. If 1 fl oz = 29.6 ml and 1 tsp = 5.0 ml, how many grams of dextromethorphan are contained in 1 bottle?
16 Lab Wednesday Statement of Problem: Given a rectangular piece of Aluminum foil, a ruler, a balance and knowing the density of Aluminum = 2.7g/cm 3, determine the thickness of aluminum foil. Pre-lab Assignment: Write out the statement of problem in your lab notebook, relevant background information, AND a planned procedure. YOU MUST COME TO LAB WITH PRE-LAB COMPLETE
17 Mass (g) Warm Up! On a density graph, what does the slope represent? 2. What is the equation for the line (y=mx+b)? 3. If the actual density is g/cm 3 and the slope is 4.57 g/cm 3, what is the percent error on the slope?? Density Graph Slope = Volume (ml)
18 Agenda Warm Up Test Prep what to expect and your questions Determination of the Thickness of Aluminum Lab Accepted thickness of foil = 2.33 x 10-3 cm
19 Exam Info! Thursday (tomorrow) Metric Conversions Density Dimensional Analysis Graphing and Slope Significant Figures Accuracy and Precision Scientific Notation Review Sheet covers ALL topics!!! After School around 2:45
20 Warm Up! 4 partners of students were asked to find the density of an unknown piece of metal. Their findings were: Group g/cm 3 Group 2-11 g/cm 3 Group g/cm 3 Group g/cm 3 1. Which group was the most precise? 2. What was Group 3 s error (accepted density of Pb 11.34g/cm 3? 3. Is density an intrinsic or extrinsic property. Explain.
21 Warm Up! Physical or Chemical change?? Rusting Freezing water Crushing an aluminum can Fruit ripening If 3g of iron reacts with 4 g of oxygen how many grams of rust is produced? Can you write out the chemical equation?? Name 1 instrinsic and 1 extrinsic property
22 Warm up! Agenda Review States of Matter and properties of matter. Create a chart relating forms of matter (substances, mixtures etc.) to see relationships and categories. Elements!! and percent mass calcs of compounds.
23 Periodic Table Periods Groups
24 Percent By Mass Calculations What s in that compound??? Percent by mass (%) = mass of element x 100 mass of compound
25 Percent by Mass What is the percentage of oxygen in water?? H 2 O 1. Find mass of each element on Periodic table Mass H = 1 g/mol Mass O = 16 g/mol
26 Percent by Mass 2. Find mass of total compound by adding up grams of each element in compound. Mass H = 1 g/mol Mass O = 16 g/mol Mass of H 2 O = (2 x 1) + (1x16) = 18 g/mol There s 2 Hydrogens! Mass H Mass O
27 Percent Mass 3. Take the mass of molecule of interest (Oxygen in our case) and divide by the TOTAL mass found in step 2 % Oxygen = 16 g/mol x 100 = 88.9% 18 g/mol
28 Whats the % mass of Oxygen in CO? 1. Find mass of each element on Periodic table. 2. Find mass of total compound by adding up grams of each element in compound. 3. Take the mass of molecule of interest and divide by the TOTAL mass (found in step 2).
29 Warm Up! Use the Matter chart to classify the following: Sugar water Sodium Sugar Raisin bread What is the relationship between mixtures and substances? What is another term for homogeneous mixtures?
30 Practice Problems A 78 g sample of an unknown compound contains 12.4 g of hydrogen. What is the percent by mass of hydrogen? 1.0 g of hydrogen reacts completely with 19.0 g of fluorine. What is the percent by mass if hydrogen in the compound that is formed? If 3.5 g of element X reacts with 10.5 g of element Y to form the compound XY, what is the percent by mass of element X in the compound? Of Y? Two unknown compounds are tested. Compound 1 contains 15.0 g of hydrogen and g of oxygen. Compound 2 contains 2.0 g of hydrogen and 32 g of oxygen. Are the compounds the same?? Explain.
31 Separating Mixtures Filtration separates solids from liquids
32 Separating Mixtures Distillation separates liquids by boiling point
33 Separating Mixtures Crystallization removes pure solids from solutions by saturating the solution and forcing the solid to crystallize.
34 Separating Mixtures Sublimation separates two solids by transitioning from the solid to vapor without melting. The vapor then undergoes deposition to form pure crystals.
35 Separating Mixtures Chromatography separates liquids or gases by using a mobile phase and a stationary phase. Separation occurs as one component sticks to the stationary phase while the other does not.
36 Law of Multiple Proportions When elements combine to form compounds, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers. H 2 O and H 2 O 2 contain the SAME elements. Water is 2 parts H and 1 part O Hydrogen Peroxide is 2 parts H and 2 parts O If we compare the mass of O in both compounds we get 2:1
37 Practice Problem Carbon reacts with oxygen to form two different compounds. Compound 1 contains 4.82 g of carbon for every 6.44 g of oxygen. Compound 2 contains g or carbon for every 53.7 g of oxygen. What is the ratio of carbon to a fixed mass of oxygen for the two compounds? Compare the mass ratio.
38 Warm Up! What is the percent mass of Cl in HCl? How many grams of salt and how many grams of water would you use to prepare 85 g of a solution that is 12.0% salt? A mineral has a copper content of 25.5%. In a certain experiment, 561 grams of copper were recovered from a pure sample of the mineral. What was the mass of the sample?
39 Agenda Warm Up! Pre-lab MUST COME TO LAB COMPLETED Equipment Statement of Problem Relevant Background and Procedure Chapter 3 Worksheet REMEMBER: Aluminum Lab and HW probs Due Wednesday Test Corrections Due Thursday
40 Warm Up! H 2 O dissolves solid CuCl 2 to form a blue liquid. Is this a physical or chemical change? Where would the product be categorized on the matter chart? CuCl 2 burns green, is this a physical or chemical property? What is the percent Cl in CuCl 2? Zn metal is added to the blue liquid to form a clear liquid of solid Cu and ZnCl 2 Is this a physical or chemical change? What is the percent Cl in ZnCl 2?
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