Astronomy in the Middle Ages. Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler.
|
|
- Juniper Powers
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Astronomy in the Middle Ages Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif
2 Goethe: "Of all discoveries and opinions, none may have exerted a greater effect on the human spirit than the doctrine of Copernicus. The world had scarcely become known as round and complete in itself when it was asked to waive the tremendous privilege of being the center of the universe. Never, perhaps, was a greater demand made on mankind for by this admission so many things vanished in mist and smoke! What became of our Eden, our world of innocence, piety and poetry; the testimony of the senses; the conviction of a poetic religious faith? No wonder his contemporaries did not wish to let all this go and offered every possible resistance to a doctrine which in its converts authorized and demanded a freedom of view and greatness of thought so far unknown, indeed not even dreamed of."
3 Nicholas Copernicus Nicholas Copernicus was born in Poland in His uncle was a bishop, and Copernicus enjoyed the privilege of an excellent liberal arts education.
4 Copernicus (2) As an adult, Copernicus was employed by the Catholic Church. He pursued astronomy as a passionate hobby. During his studies, Copernicus examined the writings of the ancient Greeks, especially Ptolemy. Copernicus was disgusted by the inconsistencies within Ptolemy s model, especially the equant.
5 Copernicus (3) Because Copernicus considered the geocentric model unworkable, he revived the heliocentric model of Aristarchus. Copernicus published his ideas in an influential book De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres.)
6
7 The Copernican Model Sun is at the center of the cosmos. Earth rotates on its axis, and revolves around the sun (explaining the daily or diurnal motion of the sun & stars.) All the heavenly bodies revolve around the sun (including the earth) on crystalline spheres which turn at constant velocities. (We again have the problems of how the sun & planets appear to speed up and slow down and the variations in retrograde motions!)
8 The Copernican Model (2) Copernicus realized that his model had to predict the existence of stellar parallax, but he explained why parallax wasn t observed by arguing that the stars were much farther away than the ancients thought. This explanation has turned out to be very true!
9
10 The Copernican Model (3) Copernicus model was much simpler and more elegant than the geocentric model, and it could be used, through geometry, to accurately measure the distances between the planets and the sun. It also explained retrograde motion in a much more natural way. But there were still problems.
11 Church resistance Through the centuries, the Church had interpreted several verses of Scripture to indicate that the Earth was the center of the universe. Ideas that questioned this Church teaching might lead people to question other teachings, threatening the Church s religious and temporal power.
12 Tycho Brahe About 75 years after Copernicus birth, Tycho Brahe was born in Denmark (1546). Like Copernicus, Brahe was very well connected (related to the Danish royal family), and spent his nights pursuing his passionate hobby, observing the sky.
13
14 Tycho Brahe (2) Tycho made 2 great contributions to astronomy. He built an observatory called the Uraniborg (Castle of the Heavens), where he also built and used excellent equipment to observe and record the positions of the planets and over 700 stars to an accuracy of 1 arcminute (1 / 21,600 th of a circle).
15 Tycho s quadrant (protractor). Used for measuring the declination of stars.
16 Uraniborg
17 Tycho Brahe (3) Tycho also observed a supernova in Cassiopeia in Tycho wrote to other astronomers all over Europe and as far away as China, asking for the position of the supernova in their skies. All the other astronomers reported the supernova in the same position in the sky. Conclusion?
18 Tycho Brahe observing the supernova in
19 The 1 st Nail in the Coffin Tycho s observation of the supernova was the first nail in the coffin of the geocentric model. One of the premises of the ancients was that the universe was perfect and therefore unchanging. Here was evidence that the universe could and did change.
20 Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was born in Germany in 1571, just one year before Brahe s observation of the supernova. Kepler trained as a mathematician and taught math in Graz, Austria, where became obsessed with using math to describe and model the cosmos. Kepler couldn t find an equation that would exactly fit the positions of Mars; he needed better data.
21
22 A Crucial Move In 1600, Kepler moved to Denmark to work as a mathematician for Tycho Brahe. Brahe needed Kepler s superb mathematical mind, and Kepler needed Brahe s excellent observations of the positions of the planets (especially Mars). In 1601 Tycho died. His widow reluctantly gave Kepler access to Brahe s data.
23 Kepler s Laws Using Brahe s data, Kepler finally discovered the laws that describe the movement of the planets. Law 1: The orbits of the planets are ellipses (not circles). The sun is at one focus of the ellipse, and the other focus is empty.
24
25 Kepler s Laws (2) The 2 nd Law: A line joining the orbiting planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. A consequence of this is that the planet travels fastest in its orbit at perihelion (closest point to the sun) and slowest in its orbit at aphelion (farthest point from the sun.)
26 Regions A, B, and C all have equal areas. A planet would move over those areas in equal times.
27 Kepler s 2 nd Law Follow the hyperlink below, then scroll down the page to Quicktime Movie of Kepler s 2 nd Law.
28 Kepler s 3 rd Law Also called the Harmonic Law, the 3 rd law states that the square of a planet s orbital period (p, in years) is proportional to the cube of the planet s average orbital distance (a, in Astronomical Units or AU) p 2 = a 3
29 Example A planet is observed to have an orbital period of 8 years. What is its orbital distance from the sun? (8) 2 = a 3 (64) 1/3 = 4 A.U. An Astronomical Unit or AU is the average distance between the earth and the sun (150,000,000 km or 93,000,000 miles.)
Chapter 3 The Science of Astronomy
Chapter 3 The Science of Astronomy Days of the week were named for Sun, Moon, and visible planets. What did ancient civilizations achieve in astronomy? Daily timekeeping Tracking the seasons and calendar
More informationAstronomy 1140 Quiz 1 Review
Astronomy 1140 Quiz 1 Review Prof. Pradhan September 15, 2015 What is Science? 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. (a) Astrology: nonscience using zodiac sign to predict the future/personality
More informationFrom Aristotle to Newton
From Aristotle to Newton The history of the Solar System (and the universe to some extent) from ancient Greek times through to the beginnings of modern physics. The Geocentric Model Ancient Greek astronomers
More informationName: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015
Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015 Why are celestial motions and forces important? They explain the world around
More informationLab 6: Kepler's Laws. Introduction. Section 1: First Law
Lab 6: Kepler's Laws Purpose: to learn that orbit shapes are ellipses, gravity and orbital velocity are related, and force of gravity and orbital period are related. Materials: 2 thumbtacks, 1 pencil,
More informationThe Solar System. Unit 4 covers the following framework standards: ES 10 and PS 11. Content was adapted the following:
Unit 4 The Solar System Chapter 7 ~ The History of the Solar System o Section 1 ~ The Formation of the Solar System o Section 2 ~ Observing the Solar System Chapter 8 ~ The Parts the Solar System o Section
More informationLecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System
Lecture 13 Gravity in the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How was the heliocentric model established? What are monumental steps in the history of the heliocentric model? 2. How do Kepler s three laws
More informationPeriods of Western Astronomy. Chapter 1. Prehistoric Astronomy. Prehistoric Astronomy. The Celestial Sphere. Stonehenge. History of Astronomy
Periods of Western Astronomy Chapter 1 History of Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric (before 500 B.C.) Cyclical motions of Sun, Moon and stars observed Keeping time and determining
More informationUnit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System
Unit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System Gravity What is gravity? Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and the distances between them. Every object in the universe
More informationChapter 25.1: Models of our Solar System
Chapter 25.1: Models of our Solar System Objectives: Compare & Contrast geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar sytem. Describe the orbits of planets explain how gravity and inertia keep the planets
More information4. Discuss the information as a class (transparency key)
Teacher: Sherry Tipps-Holder Grade: 8 Subject: World History/ Lesson designed for inclusion in unit on Scientific Revolution Essential Question: What were the major contributions/innovations of the who
More informationAn Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology. 1) Astronomy - an Observational Science
An Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology 1) Astronomy - an Observational Science Why study Astronomy 1 A fascinating subject in its own right. The origin and Evolution of the universe The Big Bang formation
More informationNewton s Law of Universal Gravitation
12.1 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation SECTION Explain Kepler s laws. Describe Newton s law of universal gravitation. Apply Newton s law of universal gravitation quantitatively. KEY TERMS OUTCOMES
More informationUnit 11: Gravity & the Solar System
Unit 11: Gravity & the Solar System Inquiry Physics www.inquiryphysics.org Historical development Kepler s Laws Newton s Universal Gravitation Next 11: Gravity & the Solar System Historical development
More informationThe Solar System. I. Introduction. S. Gavin and S. P. Karrer Physics Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 sean@physics.wayne.
The Solar System S. Gavin and S. P. Karrer Physics Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 sean@physics.wayne.edu I. Introduction As children we all learned that the Earth is one of many
More informationWORLD HISTORY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT. Jeopardy Version Watch out Alex Trebek
WORLD HISTORY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT Jeopardy Version Watch out Alex Trebek Scientists Philosophes Enlightenment Spreads Terms Thnkers 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300
More informationPlanetary Orbit Simulator Student Guide
Name: Planetary Orbit Simulator Student Guide Background Material Answer the following questions after reviewing the Kepler's Laws and Planetary Motion and Newton and Planetary Motion background pages.
More informationNewton s derivation of Kepler s laws (outline)
Newton s derivation of Kepler s laws (outline) 1. Brief history. The first known proposal for a heliocentric solar system is due to Aristarchus of Samos (ancient Greece, c. 270 BC). Following a long period
More informationSolar System. 1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X?
Solar System 1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X? A) Earth B) Sun C) Moon D) Polaris 2. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered
More informationVocabulary - Understanding Revolution in. our Solar System
Vocabulary - Understanding Revolution in Universe Galaxy Solar system Planet Moon Comet Asteroid Meteor(ite) Heliocentric Geocentric Satellite Terrestrial planets Jovian (gas) planets Gravity our Solar
More informationEDMONDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASTRONOMY 100 Winter Quarter 2007 Sample Test # 1
Instructor: L. M. Khandro EDMONDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASTRONOMY 100 Winter Quarter 2007 Sample Test # 1 1. An arc second is a measure of a. time interval between oscillations of a standard clock b. time
More informationNewton s Law of Gravity
Gravitational Potential Energy On Earth, depends on: object s mass (m) strength of gravity (g) distance object could potentially fall Gravitational Potential Energy In space, an object or gas cloud has
More informationAE554 Applied Orbital Mechanics. Hafta 1 Egemen Đmre
AE554 Applied Orbital Mechanics Hafta 1 Egemen Đmre A bit of history the beginning Astronomy: Science of heavens. (Ancient Greeks). Astronomy existed several thousand years BC Perfect universe (like circles
More informationastronomy 2008 1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times.
1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. 5. If the distance between the Earth and the Sun were increased,
More informationHalliday, Resnick & Walker Chapter 13. Gravitation. Physics 1A PHYS1121 Professor Michael Burton
Halliday, Resnick & Walker Chapter 13 Gravitation Physics 1A PHYS1121 Professor Michael Burton II_A2: Planetary Orbits in the Solar System + Galaxy Interactions (You Tube) 21 seconds 13-1 Newton's Law
More informationHalliday, Resnick & Walker Chapter 13. Gravitation. Physics 1A PHYS1121 Professor Michael Burton
Halliday, Resnick & Walker Chapter 13 Gravitation Physics 1A PHYS1121 Professor Michael Burton II_A2: Planetary Orbits in the Solar System + Galaxy Interactions (You Tube) 21 seconds 13-1 Newton's Law
More informationEarth, Moon, and Sun Study Guide. (Test Date: )
Earth, Moon, and Sun Study Guide Name: (Test Date: ) Essential Question #1: How are the Earth, Moon, and Sun alike and how are they different? 1. List the Earth, Moon, and Sun, in order from LARGEST to
More informationNewton s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation The greatest moments in science are when two phenomena that were considered completely separate suddenly are seen as just two different versions of the same thing.
More informationCelestial Sphere. Celestial Coordinates. Lecture 3: Motions of the Sun and Moon. ecliptic (path of Sun) ecliptic (path of Sun)
Lecture 3: Motions of the and Moon ecliptic (path of ) ecliptic (path of ) The 23.5 degree tilt of Earth s spin axis relative to its orbital axis around the causes the seasons Celestial Sphere Celestial
More informationPhysics 53. Gravity. Nature and Nature's law lay hid in night: God said, "Let Newton be!" and all was light. Alexander Pope
Physics 53 Gravity Nature and Nature's law lay hid in night: God said, "Let Newton be!" and all was light. Alexander Pope Kepler s laws Explanations of the motion of the celestial bodies sun, moon, planets
More informationExercise: Estimating the Mass of Jupiter Difficulty: Medium
Exercise: Estimating the Mass of Jupiter Difficulty: Medium OBJECTIVE The July / August observing notes for 010 state that Jupiter rises at dusk. The great planet is now starting its grand showing for
More informationThe orbit of Halley s Comet
The orbit of Halley s Comet Given this information Orbital period = 76 yrs Aphelion distance = 35.3 AU Observed comet in 1682 and predicted return 1758 Questions: How close does HC approach the Sun? What
More informationExplain the Big Bang Theory and give two pieces of evidence which support it.
Name: Key OBJECTIVES Correctly define: asteroid, celestial object, comet, constellation, Doppler effect, eccentricity, eclipse, ellipse, focus, Foucault Pendulum, galaxy, geocentric model, heliocentric
More informationLab Activity on the Causes of the Seasons
Lab Activity on the Causes of the Seasons 2002 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico * Objectives When you have completed this lab you
More informationIntroduction to the Solar System
Introduction to the Solar System Lesson Objectives Describe some early ideas about our solar system. Name the planets, and describe their motion around the Sun. Explain how the solar system formed. Introduction
More informationIce Core Records From Volcanoes to Supernovas. The Astronomers Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler
Ice Core Records From Volcanoes to Supernovas The Astronomers Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler Tycho Brahe (1546-1601, shown at left) was a nobleman from Denmark who made astronomy his life's work because
More informationNight Sky III Planetary Motion Lunar Phases
Night Sky III Planetary Motion Lunar Phases Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day Everything has a natural explanation. The moon is not a god, but
More informationThe Celestial Sphere. Questions for Today. The Celestial Sphere 1/18/10
Lecture 3: Constellations and the Distances to the Stars Astro 2010 Prof. Tom Megeath Questions for Today How do the stars move in the sky? What causes the phases of the moon? What causes the seasons?
More informationMotions of Earth, Moon, and Sun
Motions of Earth, Moon, and Sun Apparent Motions of Celestial Objects An apparent motion is a motion that an object appears to make. Apparent motions can be real or illusions. When you see a person spinning
More informationCuriosity's Fight Path to Mars. A Project for Differential Equations (Math 256)
Curiosity's Fight Path to Mars A Project for Differential Equations (Math 56) On November 5 th, 011, NASA launched a rocket that will carry a rover called Curiosity to Mars. The rover is scheduled to land
More informationhttp://eprints.gla.ac.uk/58982/ Deposited on: 15 th February 2012
McNeill, F. (2012) Counterblast: a Copernican correction for community sentences? The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 51 (1). pp. 94-99. ISSN 0265-5527 http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/58982/ Deposited on:
More information2. Orbits. FER-Zagreb, Satellite communication systems 2011/12
2. Orbits Topics Orbit types Kepler and Newton laws Coverage area Influence of Earth 1 Orbit types According to inclination angle Equatorial Polar Inclinational orbit According to shape Circular orbit
More informationScale of the Solar System. Sizes and Distances: How Big is Big? Sizes and Distances: How Big is Big? (Cont.)
Scale of the Solar System Scale of the Universe How big is Earth compared to our solar system? How far away are the stars? How big is the Milky Way Galaxy? How big is the Universe? How do our lifetimes
More informationGravitation and Newton s Synthesis
Gravitation and Newton s Synthesis Vocabulary law of unviversal Kepler s laws of planetary perturbations casual laws gravitation motion casuality field graviational field inertial mass gravitational mass
More informationStudy Guide due Friday, 1/29
NAME: Astronomy Study Guide asteroid chromosphere comet corona ellipse Galilean moons VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteor gravity meteorite greenhouse effect meteoroid heliocentric system
More informationTides and Water Levels
Tides and Water Levels What are Tides? Tides are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world. As the sun rises in the east and the stars come out at night, we are confident that the ocean waters will
More informationA. 81 2 = 6561 times greater. B. 81 times greater. C. equally strong. D. 1/81 as great. E. (1/81) 2 = 1/6561 as great.
Q12.1 The mass of the Moon is 1/81 of the mass of the Earth. Compared to the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the Moon, the gravitational force that the Moon exerts on the Earth is A. 81 2
More information5- Minute Refresher: Daily Observable Patterns in the Sky
5- Minute Refresher: Daily Observable Patterns in the Sky Key Ideas Daily Observable Patterns in the Sky include the occurrence of day and night, the appearance of the moon, the location of shadows and
More informationObjectives After completing this section, you should be able to:
Chapter 5 Section 1 Lesson Angle Measure Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to: Use the most common conventions to position and measure angles on the plane. Demonstrate an understanding
More informationWeek 1-2: Overview of the Universe & the View from the Earth
Week 1-2: Overview of the Universe & the View from the Earth Hassen M. Yesuf (hyesuf@ucsc.edu) September 29, 2011 1 Lecture summary Protein molecules, the building blocks of a living organism, are made
More informationComputer Animations of Ancient Greek and Arabic Planetary Models
Computer Animations of Ancient Greek and Arabic Planetary Models Dennis Duke, Florida State University A new set of computer animations is available for those who teach the ancient models of planetary
More informationCELESTIAL MOTIONS. In Charlottesville we see Polaris 38 0 above the Northern horizon. Earth. Starry Vault
CELESTIAL MOTIONS Stars appear to move counterclockwise on the surface of a huge sphere the Starry Vault, in their daily motions about Earth Polaris remains stationary. In Charlottesville we see Polaris
More informationDouglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy
There is a theory which states that if ever anybody discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable.
More informationKepler s Laws, Newton s Laws, and the Search for New Planets
Integre Technical Publishing Co., Inc. American Mathematical Monthly 108:9 July 12, 2001 2:22 p.m. osserman.tex page 813 Kepler s Laws, Newton s Laws, and the Search for New Planets Robert Osserman Introduction.
More informationBackground Information
Background Information The Second Law of Motion and The Law of Gravitation Student Activities 1. Round and Round They Go! 2. onic Sections - Movement in Newton s Gravitational orce Notes to Teachers Teacher
More informationAstromechanics Two-Body Problem (Cont)
5. Orbit Characteristics Astromechanics Two-Body Problem (Cont) We have shown that the in the two-body problem, the orbit of the satellite about the primary (or vice-versa) is a conic section, with the
More informationUSING MS EXCEL FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION
USING MS EXCEL FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION Ian Cooper School of Physics The University of Sydney i.cooper@physics.usyd.edu.au Introduction The numerical calculations performed by scientists and engineers
More informationPhysics Midterm Review Packet January 2010
Physics Midterm Review Packet January 2010 This Packet is a Study Guide, not a replacement for studying from your notes, tests, quizzes, and textbook. Midterm Date: Thursday, January 28 th 8:15-10:15 Room:
More informationELEMENTS OF PHYSICS MOTION, FORCE, AND GRAVITY
1 Pre-Test Directions: This will help you discover what you know about the subject of motion before you begin this lesson. Answer the following true or false. 1. Aristotle believed that all objects fell
More informationNotes: Most of the material in this chapter is taken from Young and Freedman, Chap. 13.
Chapter 5. Gravitation Notes: Most of the material in this chapter is taken from Young and Freedman, Chap. 13. 5.1 Newton s Law of Gravitation We have already studied the effects of gravity through the
More informationCELESTIAL CLOCK - THE SUN, THE MOON, AND THE STARS
INTRODUCTION CELESTIAL CLOCK - THE SUN, THE MOON, AND THE STARS This is a scientific presentation to provide you with knowledge you can use to understand the sky above in relation to the earth. Before
More informationBeginning of the Universe Classwork 6 th Grade PSI Science
Beginning of the Universe Classwork Name: 6 th Grade PSI Science 1 4 2 5 6 3 7 Down: 1. Edwin discovered that galaxies are spreading apart. 2. This theory explains how the Universe was flattened. 3. All
More informationWhere is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014
Where is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014 Disclaimer We do not know what will be discovered. This is the reason we perform experiments. This is the reason scientific research
More informationName: Date: Period: Gravity Study Guide
Vocabulary: Define the following terms. Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity Study Guide Weight Weightlessness Gravitational Field Black hole Escape velocity Math: Be able to use the equation for the law
More information1.1 A Modern View of the Universe" Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe?"
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe What is our place in the universe? What is our place in the universe? How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was
More informationScience@ESA vodcast series. Script for Episode 6 Charting the Galaxy - from Hipparcos to Gaia
Science@ESA vodcast series Script for Episode 6 Charting the Galaxy - from Hipparcos to Gaia Available to download from http://sci.esa.int/gaia/vodcast Hello, I m Rebecca Barnes and welcome to the Science@ESA
More informationFall Semester Astronomy Review. 3. Directly above the Earth's equator lies the in the sky.
Fall Semester Astronomy Review 1. After a full moon, about how long is it until the next new moon? A. A month B. Two weeks C. A week D. Six hours 3. Directly above the Earth's equator lies the in the sky.
More informationThe Gravitational Field
The Gravitational Field The use of multimedia in teaching physics Texts to multimedia presentation Jan Hrnčíř jan.hrncir@gfxs.cz Martin Klejch martin.klejch@gfxs.cz F. X. Šalda Grammar School, Liberec
More informationScience and Religion
1 Science and Religion Scripture: Colossians 1:15-20 By Pastor John H. Noordhof Williamsburg Christian Reformed Church October 21, 2012 Morning Service People of God: Today we will deal with the troubling
More informationMisconceptions in Astronomy in WA High School students (in preparation)
Misconceptions in Astronomy in WA High School students (in preparation) Michael Todd Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology The purpose of this study was to examine
More informationCoordinate Systems. Orbits and Rotation
Coordinate Systems Orbits and Rotation Earth orbit. The earth s orbit around the sun is nearly circular but not quite. It s actually an ellipse whose average distance from the sun is one AU (150 million
More informationCycles in the Sky. Teacher Guide: Cycles in the Sky Page 1 of 8 2008 Discovery Communications, LLC
Cycles in the Sky What is a Fun damental? Each Fun damental is designed to introduce your younger students to some of the basic ideas about one particular area of science. The activities in the Fun damental
More informationSolar System Formation
Solar System Formation Background Information System: Many pieces that make up a whole Solar System: Anything that orbits the Sun Just like in the formation of of stars.. Gravity plays a major role. Gravitational
More informationPenn State University Physics 211 ORBITAL MECHANICS 1
ORBITAL MECHANICS 1 PURPOSE The purpose of this laboratory project is to calculate, verify and then simulate various satellite orbit scenarios for an artificial satellite orbiting the earth. First, there
More informationGrade 6 Standard 3 Unit Test A Astronomy. 1. The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets?
Grade 6 Standard 3 Unit Test A Astronomy Multiple Choice 1. The four inner planets are rocky and small. Which description best fits the next four outer planets? A. They are also rocky and small. B. They
More informationThe Sun. Solar radiation (Sun Earth-Relationships) The Sun. The Sun. Our Sun
The Sun Solar Factoids (I) The sun, a medium-size star in the milky way galaxy, consisting of about 300 billion stars. (Sun Earth-Relationships) A gaseous sphere of radius about 695 500 km (about 109 times
More informationOrbital Mechanics and Space Geometry
Orbital Mechanics and Space Geometry AERO4701 Space Engineering 3 Week 2 Overview First Hour Co-ordinate Systems and Frames of Reference (Review) Kepler s equations, Orbital Elements Second Hour Orbit
More informationOrbital Mechanics. Angular Momentum
Orbital Mechanics The objects that orbit earth have only a few forces acting on them, the largest being the gravitational pull from the earth. The trajectories that satellites or rockets follow are largely
More informationShadow vs. Horizon Archaeoastronomy
Shadow vs. Horizon Archaeoastronomy R. T. Bailey NASS 2003 Banff Ages in Astronomy: Prehistoric Archaeoastronomy Model? Flat earth Point of reference: Horizon, 2 D, megalithic Observations? Sun, moon,
More informationChapter 5: Circular Motion, the Planets, and Gravity
Chapter 5: Circular Motion, the Planets, and Gravity 1. Earth s gravity attracts a person with a force of 120 lbs. The force with which the Earth is attracted towards the person is A. Zero. B. Small but
More informationLocal Sidereal Time is the hour angle of the First Point of Aries, and is equal to the hour angle plus right ascension of any star.
1 CHAPTER 7 TIME In this chapter we briefly discuss the several time scales that are in use in astronomy, such as Universal Time, Mean Solar Time, Ephemeris Time, Terrestrial Dynamical Time, and the several
More informationThe Analemma for Latitudinally-Challenged People
The Analemma for Latitudinally-Challenged People Teo Shin Yeow An academic exercise presented in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours in Mathematics Supervisor : Associate
More informationPlato. RAPHAEL: School of Athens. Center section
Plato RAPHAEL: School of Athens. Center section Profile: Plato (c.427-347 B.C.E.) was born to an aristocratic family in Athens. As a young man Plato had political ambitions, but he became disillusioned
More informationEarth in the Solar System
Copyright 2011 Study Island - All rights reserved. Directions: Challenge yourself! Print out the quiz or get a pen/pencil and paper and record your answers to the questions below. Check your answers with
More informationActivity 3: Observing the Moon
Activity 3: Observing the Moon Print Name: Signature: 1.) KEY. 2.). 3.). 4.). Activity: Since the dawn of time, our closest neighbor the moon has fascinated humans. In this activity we will explore the
More informationStudy Guide: Solar System
Study Guide: Solar System 1. How many planets are there in the solar system? 2. What is the correct order of all the planets in the solar system? 3. Where can a comet be located in the solar system? 4.
More informationArtificial Satellites Earth & Sky
Artificial Satellites Earth & Sky Name: Introduction In this lab, you will have the opportunity to find out when satellites may be visible from the RPI campus, and if any are visible during the activity,
More informationBasic Coordinates & Seasons Student Guide
Name: Basic Coordinates & Seasons Student Guide There are three main sections to this module: terrestrial coordinates, celestial equatorial coordinates, and understanding how the ecliptic is related to
More informationName Class Date. true
Exercises 131 The Falling Apple (page 233) 1 Describe the legend of Newton s discovery that gravity extends throughout the universe According to legend, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree and realized
More informationGRAVITY CONCEPTS. Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter
IT S UNIVERSAL GRAVITY CONCEPTS Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter Weight is a measure of the gravitational force pulling objects toward Earth Objects seem weightless when
More informationBarycenter of Solar System Earth-Moon barycenter? Moon orbits what?
Barycenter of Solar System Earth-Moon barycenter? Moon orbits what? Dr. Scott Schneider Friday Feb 24 th, 2006 Sponsored by the Society of Physics Students (SPS) Webpage : http://qbx6.ltu.edu/s_schneider/astro/astroweek_2006.shtml
More informationSome Basic Principles from Astronomy
Some Basic Principles from Astronomy The Big Question One of the most difficult things in every physics class you will ever take is putting what you are learning in context what is this good for? how do
More informationSIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)
SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) PCES 1.1 Born in the small village of Woolsthorpe, Newton quickly made an impression as a student at Cambridge- he was appointed full Prof. there The young Newton in 1669,
More informationSIERRA COLLEGE OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY LABORATORY EXERCISE NUMBER III.F.a. TITLE: ASTEROID ASTROMETRY: BLINK IDENTIFICATION
SIERRA COLLEGE OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY LABORATORY EXERCISE NUMBER III.F.a. TITLE: ASTEROID ASTROMETRY: BLINK IDENTIFICATION DATE- PRINT NAME/S AND INITIAL BELOW: GROUP DAY- LOCATION OBJECTIVE: Use CCD
More informationIn Praise of Small Data
In Praise of Small Data George Markowsky School of Computing and Information Science University of Maine Orono, ME 04469-5711 markovmaine.edu Abstract Big Data tools can give explanations of complex and
More information1-2. What is the name given to the path of the Sun as seen from Earth? a.) Equinox b.) Celestial equator c.) Solstice d.
Chapter 1 1-1. How long does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun? a.) one sidereal day b.) one month c.) one year X d.) one hour 1-2. What is the name given to the path of the Sun as seen from Earth? a.)
More informationExercise 5.0 LUNAR MOTION, ELONGATION, AND PHASES
Exercise 5.0 LUNAR MOTION, ELONGATION, AND PHASES I. Introduction The Moon's revolution in orbit around the center of gravity (barycenter) of the Earth- Moon System results in an apparent motion of the
More information1.2 Chord Tables of Hipparchus and Ptolemy (Copyright: Bryan Dorner all rights reserved)
1.2 Chord Tables of Hipparchus and Ptolemy (Copyright: Bryan Dorner all rights reserved) Hipparchus: The birth of trigonometry occurred in the chord tables of Hipparchus (c 190-120 BCE) who was born shortly
More informationHow To Understand The Theory Of Gravity
Newton s Law of Gravity and Kepler s Laws Michael Fowler Phys 142E Lec 9 2/6/09. These notes are partly adapted from my Physics 152 lectures, where more mathematical details can be found. The Universal
More informationClass 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets
Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System
More information