CHAPTER 1: THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY. Name:

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 1: THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY Name:

2 WHAT EXACTLY IS GEOGRAPHY?

3 Geography and Its Branches Geography = Study of on the Earth from rocks to rainfall to places and people! 2 branches of Geography: Physical geography = focuses on the Earth s environments and processes that affect them Human geography = focuses on where live, how they live, and what they do

4 Physical Geography or Human Geography?

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7 Links Between Physical Geography and Human Geography What links physical and human geography is the of the environment and people

8 HOW DO GEOGRAPHERS VIEW THE WORLD?

9 Spatial Perspective Geographers use a spatial perspective to This means that they look for patterns in where things are located on Earth and try to explain the patterns

10 Connection Between Geography and Maps Maps are very important in helping geographers find and understand these patterns Cartography = study of and mapmaking Most maps today are made using

11 How Google Builds Its Maps

12 Geographers Organize the World Into Regions Geographers organize the Earth into regions makes it easier to study There are 3 basic regions that geographers look at:

13 Formal Regions Formal region = one or more common features makes it different from surrounding areas Can be based upon lots of different characteristics: physical features, climate, population, income levels See examples on attached page:

14 Region Region Regions where live Region where Young Urban are settling Other examples?

15 Functional Regions Functional region = made up of different places that are linked together and function as a unit. Usually organized around a central point that connects the other areas See examples on attached page:

16 Shopping Detroit System Detroit Area Other examples?

17 Perceptual Regions Perceptual Region = regions that reflect human and attitudes about the region. See examples on next page...

18 Examples of Perceptual Regions: Referring to -- if you are from Michigan Saying Home Sweet Home but where is home? Saying Back in the Old Country but which Old Country? Other examples?

19 Five Basic Themes in Geography

20 WHAT TYPES OF TOOLS DO GEOGRAPHERS USE?

21 Geographers Use Globes Globes have lines that run East and West and North and South that form a grid Certain lines on the grid have special names

22 Pole Equator: imaginary line that is exactly half way between the North Pole and South Pole Pole Prime Meridian: imaginary line from North Pole through Greenwich, England to South Pole

23 Latitude and Longitude Latitude lines run East and West. W E Longitude lines run North and South. N S

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25 Latitude Lines Run East and West but they measure the distance North and South of the Equator. Called parallels because they run parallel to the Equator. Parallels north of the Equator marked with an Parallels south of the Equator marked with an 0 = latitude line at the Equator 90 N = latitude line at the Pole 90 S = latitude line at the Pole

26 Longitude Lines Run North and South but measure the distance East and West from the Prime Meridian Meridians west of Prime Meridian marked with a Meridians east of Prime Meridian marked with an 0 = longitude line at the Prime Meridian 180 = longitude line on meridian in mid-pacific Ocean

27 Latitude/Longitude Reminder Stick N L O N G I T U D E W L A T I T U D E E S

28 What Do Latitude and Longitude Lines Help Us Do? Parallels and meridians measure distances in degrees The symbol for degrees is Example of a location using longitude and latitude measurements: 48 N, 25 W These measurements are the coordinates for a location Intersection of Latitude and Longitude lines help us to identify the location of a particular place

29 Which is the latitude and longitude of New York City? (See map on page S23 S24 in textbook) a. 42 S, 82 W b. 35 N, 20 W c. 41 N, 74 W d. 42 N, 74 E

30 Identifying More Latitude and Longitude Coordinates Use any of the maps located at the front of your textbook to find the latitude and longitude coordinates for the following cities: Sydney, Australia = Beijing, China = Cairo, Egypt = Dublin, Ireland = Rio de Janeiro, Brazil = Washington, D.C. =

31 Songs About Latitude and Longitude Latitude and Longitude -- They are Useful! Can you make up a rap or poem about latitude and longitude????

32 Northern and Southern Hemispheres Equator divides the globe into 2 hemispheres The half lying of the equator is the Northern Hemisphere The half lying of the equator is the Southern Hemisphere

33 Eastern and Western Hemispheres The Prime Meridian and the 180 Meridian divide the world into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere

34 Problem: The Prime Meridian separates parts of Europe and Africa into 2 different hemispheres

35 Solution: Some geographers divide the Eastern and Western Hemisphere in the Atlantic Ocean at 20 W rather than at the Prime Meridian This adjustment results in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres being depicted like this:

36 Continents The continents consist of the 7 large land masses that make up the Earth s surface The 7 continents are...