The respiratory system

Transcription

1 The respiratory system 1. To know and understand the components of the respiratory system 2. To understand the mechanics (action) of breathing 3. To understand the process of gaseous exchange

2 The structure of the lungs State 5 key structures that are linked to the respiratory system. State 5 key structures that can be found in the circulatory system. Present the structures as bullet points under a heading or compose a spidergram.

3 The respiratory system

4 Task - worksheet Label the diagram of the respiratory system Extension Describe the function of the key structures.

5 Mechanisms of breathing Task (white board) 1. Place your hands on your ribs and take a few deep breaths in and out. 2. In pairs write what you think is happening when taking a breath in (inhalation) and a breath out (exhalation) to the: Ribs and lungs Why do you think this happens? Extension Diaphragm & Intercostal muscles? What effect do these changes have on breathing during each phase?

6 Starter activity With every breath we inhale and exhale 4 main components. Name the 4 components and describe how the percentage may vary for inhalation and exhalation Into the lungs-inhale 1. Oxygen 21% 2. Carbon dioxide small amount 3. Water vapour-a little 4. Nitrogen 79% Out of the lungs-exhale 1. Oxygen is reduced 2. Carbon dioxide is increased 3. More water vapour is produced(aerobic Respiration) 4. Nitrogen 79%

7 Mechanisms of breathing inspiration

8 Mechanisms of breathing expiration

9 Task worksheet 2 Describe the process of inhalation and exhalation using the following key words: Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Diaphragm, volume of thorax, pressure Extension With every breath we inhale 4 main components. Oxygen (21%) Carbon dioxide (minimal) Water Vapour (minimal) Nitrogen (79%) State and explain how you think the percentage of each component might change during exhalation

10 Factors which determine the amount of air breathed in Key terms and practical activity Tidal volume is the amount you breathe in and out in one normal breath. (approx. 0.5L at rest) Respiratory rate is how many breaths you take per minute. (approx at rest) Minute Volume the volume of air inhaled per minute. (4-6L at rest) = Tidal volume x Respiratory rate Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much as you can. V02 max is the maximum volume of oxygen your body uses in one minute.

11 Gas exchange at the alveoli The alveoli are bunches of tiny air sacks inside the lungs. Each individual sack is called an alveolus. When you breathe in, they fill with air. The alveoli are covered in tiny capillaries (blood vessels). Gases can pass through the thin walls of each alveolus and capillary, and into the blood stream. Gases can also pass from the blood stream, into the alveolus.

12 Gas exchange at the alveoli

13 Gaseous exchange practical task You are about to become a component of the respiratory system. Some of you are going to be oxygen or carbon dioxide molecules. Your task is to act out the flow of O2 through the respiratory system via the correct route You then need to show via gaseous exchange the exchange of gases at the alveoli and how CO2 is breathed out of the body Now demonstrate how this process changes during exercise.

14 Task 1. Draw a diagram and summarise the process of gas exchange. You should include the following key words: Oxygen Breathed in Alveoli Diffuses Blood cell Capillary Carbon Dioxide Breathed out Extension How might smoking affect respiration and gaseous exchange?

15 Classwork task The journey of an oxygen molecule You are an oxygen molecule in the atmosphere. Describe your journey from the atmosphere to a muscle cell. You can add some humour but it must be accurate.

16 The Circulatory System Research work-use full sentences P12 and P14 1. Name 3 main parts of the circulatory system 2. How many chambers does the heart have and what are they called? 3. Give a definition for the pulse. 4. Identify 3 places where you can take the pulse. 5. Name the 4 components of blood and give a brief description of each.