The Moon. Do Now: Copy the ques3on below and write down an answer

Transcription

1 The Moon Do Now: Copy the ques3on below and write down an answer What explanation would you say is the reason for why we see different shapes of the moon?

2 ASTRONOMY

3 Phases of the Moon The moon gives off no light of its own it reflects the Sun s light off its surface. 50% of the moon is always lit by the Sun. The Phases of the Moon are caused by the moon s revolu3on (orbit) around the Earth. We see the changing illuminated part of the moon s surface that is facing the Earth as the moon moves around the Earth.

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6 The Tide The cyclic (repea3ng cycles) change of the ocean s height caused by the moon s gravita3onal pull as it revolves around the Earth. Bay of Fundy Nova Sco6a, Canada

7 The Tide If there were no moon (or Sun) the ocean waters would all be at the same height everywhere on earth at all 3mes EARTH

8 The Tide But there is a moon and its gravity pulls on the Earth causing the ocean waters (liquid) to rise or bulge in the direc3on of the moon.

9 Spring and Neap Tides Neap Tides occurs at 1st Quarter Moon and 3rd Quarter Moon Spring Tides occurs at New Moon and Full Moon Moon$$$$ Solar$Tide$ Lunar$Tide$ Solar$Tide$ Moon$$$$ Lunar$Tide$ Spring$Tides$

10 Cyclic Tides Tides are cyclic (repea3ng cycles) and predictable. It takes 6 hours to go from high to low 3de. Tides Eclipses

11 Moon s Orbital Plane The orbital plane of the moon is 3lted 5 away from the Earth s orbital plane around the Sun.

12 Moon s Orbital Plane The orbital plane of the moon is 3lted 5 away from the Earth s orbital plane around the Sun.

13 Solar Eclipse The moon completely blocks the Sun s light to the Earth.

14 Lunar Eclipse The Earth blocks the Sun s light to the moon.

15 Moon s Rota3on and Revolu3on 27 1/3 days: Moon rotates on its axis 27 1/3 days: Moon revolves around the Earth This means that on Earth, the same side of the moon faces us at all 3mes.

16 Moon s Rota3on and Revolu3on 27 1/3 days: Moon rotates on its axis 27 1/3 days: Moon revolves around the Earth The same side of the moon faces the Earth at all 3mes. This is called a Sidereal Month

17 The Earth, Moon and Sun are aligned for the New Moon Phase. It takes the moon 27.3 days to revolve around the Earth.

18 As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the Moon revolves around the Earth.

19 A_er the Moon completes one orbit around the Earth, the moon needs to travel an addi3onal 2 days to so that the Earth, Moon and Sun are lined up again for the New Moon Phase.

20 Synodic Moon Month 29.5 days: Comple3on of one lunar moon phase Synodic month Example: From New Moon to New Moon Example: From Full Moon to Full Moon

21 What is the only informa3on available to astronomers from stars that can help us learn about them? NASA: h`p://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap html

22 Star Classifica3on Stars are classified based on their Luminosity: energy output or how bright a star is Temperature: color Mass: body Determines the stars fate.

23 Luminosity of a Star 1. Measurement of a star s energy emi`ed from the star s surface. 2. Luminosity is measured in comparison to the Sun. 3. Big stars have more surface to illuminate, therefore, they have higher luminosity.

24 When lava cools it becomes a black rock.

25 When lava is hot it burns red.

26 Temperature of a Star The Sun s surface temperature is 5,700K.

27 H- R Diagram ESRT Page 15 Luminosity (Rate at which a star emits energy relative to the Sun) 1,000, ,000 10,000 1, ,000 Characteristics of Stars (Name in italics refers to star represented by a.) (Stages indicate the general sequence of star development.) Spica 40 Eridani B Rigel MAIN SEQUENCE (Early stage) WHITE DWARFS (Late stage) Sirius Deneb SUPERGIANTS (Intermediate stage) 20,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 3,000 Surface Temperature (K) Blue Blue White White Yellow Color Polaris Sun Procyon B Betelgeuse GIANTS (Intermediate stage) Pollux Alpha Centauri Aldebaran Orange Barnard s Star Proxima Centauri Red 2,000 Massive Stars Small Stars Solar System Data

28 Star Forma3on: Nebula Cloud of gas and dust contracts (comes together) due to gravity. This forms a Protostar.

29 Star Nursery: Nebula Baby Stars When temperatures and pressures are great enough to fuse hydrogen into helium, the protostar becomes a true star and appears on the main sequence.

30 H- R Diagram Planetary nebula

31 Star Photography

32 The Solar System The Sun Yellow- White Main Sequence Star 4.6 Billion Years Old Nuclear Fusion: hydrogen to helium

33 The Planets Terrestrial Planets (Terra = Earth) Small, low mass, rocky/solid, dense, slow rota3on, few/no moons, no rings Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jovian Planets (Giant, gas planets) Large, high mass, low density - gas, fast rota3on, many moons, rings Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

34 Interplanetary Debris Loose natural material consis3ng especially of broken pieces of rock Asteroids: large, solid, rocky objects Asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Meteoroids: small, solid, rocky objects Meteor: Debris falling through atmosphere (shoo3ng star) Meteorite: Debris that lands on Earth

35 Interplanetary Debris Loose natural material consis3ng especially of broken pieces of rock Comet: ice- like objects with highly ellip3cal orbits

36 What happened to Pluto? To be a planet the object must : Orbit the Sun Spherical shape do to gravity Cleared the neighborhood

37 Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud Comet Pluto Pluto is not by itself.

38 The Big Bang Theory 13.7 Billion Years Old The Big Bang is the start of space and 3me that we can know about (the beginning of the universe) The Universe: all ma`er, energy, and space- 3me The Universe is expanding and cooling as it expands.

39 Proof of Beginning of Universe Distance measured in light years Light is ENERGY!! Remnants of the energy from the Big Bang explosion exist in the form of Microwave radia3on The Cosmic Microwave Background is proof of the Big Bang.

40 Proof of the Expanding Universe 2 If the star is moving away from an object the light wave increases in length. If the star is moving towards an object the light wave decreases in length.

41 Proof of the Expanding Universe 2 Con3nuous Light Spectrum Longer Wavelength Shorter Wavelength Blue Shi_ Red Shi_

42 Red ShiU / Blue ShiU If the object moves towards Earth the object is blue- shiued (shorter wavelength) If the object moves away from Earth the object is red- shiued (longer wavelength) Galaxies are said to be moving away from Earth because we see a red- shi_. This movement is proof of universal expansion.

43 Galaxies Galaxy: a huge collec3on of millions or billions of stars, gas, and dust, isolated in space and held together by its own gravity The Solar System belongs to the Milky Way Galaxy.

44 Galaxies

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46 Galaxy Classifica3on Barred Spiral Spiral Elliptical Irregular Milky Way

47 Side View Sun Top View Milky Way Galaxy: Normal Spiral