The Imperfect Passive

Transcription

1 TABLE OF contents Introduction... vii Lesson 1 Alphabet and Pronunciation... 1 Lesson 2 Nouns... 7 Lesson 3 Verbs Lesson 4 Prepositions and Pronouns Lesson 5 Review Lesson 6 The Third Declension, part Lesson 7 The Third Declension, part Lesson 8 The Third Declension, part Lesson 9 Declension of *Ihsou" Lesson 10 Review Lesson 11 Future Tense Verbs Lesson 12 Future Tense Verbs, part Lesson 13 Prepositions with Multiple Cases Lesson 14 e*kei'no" Lesson 15 Review Lesson 16 Third Personal Person Pronoun Lesson 17 The Dative of Means Lesson 18 Passive Voice Lesson 19 The Imperfect Passive Lesson 20 Review Lesson 21 ou%to" Lesson 22 First Declension Nouns Lesson 23 Other uses for au*tov" Lesson 24 kaiv and ou*devv Lesson 25 Review Lesson 26 The Third Declension, part Lesson 27 mi Verbs Lesson 28 Contract Verbs, part Lesson 29 The Future of ei*miv Lesson 30 Review Appendix A: Greek-English Vocabulary Index Appendix B: English-Greek Glossary Vocabulary Index Appendix C: Bible Verses Appendix D: Reference Charts Appendix E: Grammar Review Appendix F: Workbook Answer Key v

2 19 The Imperfect Passive OBJECTIVE: To learn how to form and use the passive voice in the imperfect tense

3 Memory Verse: &W" w&rai'oi oi& povde" tw'n eu*aggelizomevnwn ei*rhvnhn, Tw'n eu*aggelizomevnwn tav a*gaqav. PROS RWMAIOUS 10:15 day 1: Vocabulary and derivative work Vocabulary: each, every u&pavgw (u&pavxw) I depart fobevomai (foboqhvsomai) I fear a*spavzomai I greet, salute a*llhvlwn each other, one another As you can see, three of your words are verbs. Two of these verbs are deponent (remember, deponent verbs take a passive form, but an active meaning). e@kasto" is an adjective which can be declined to show any gender or case. Finally, a*llhvlwn is an unusual word, because it can only be partially declined. If you look at the ending on this word, you should recognize it as the genitive plural ending. The lexical form takes this ending because this word cannot be used in a singular sense or in the nominative case (thus, no singular or nominative endings are needed). The same is true in English. You could not create a sentence where each other would be the subject (nominative case) or where it would be used to refer to one person. The complete paradigm for a*llhvlwn looks like this: masculine feminine neuter N G a*llhvlwn a*llhvlwn a*llhvlwn D a*llhvloi" a*llhvlai" a*llhvloi" A a*llhvlou" a*llhvla" a*llhvla ELEMENTARY GREEK 85

4 Review vocabulary: qerapeuvw (qerapeuvsw) I heal diwvkw (diwvxw) I persecute eu&rivskw (eu&rhvsw) I find o& qrovno" the throne kovptw (kovyomai) I cut h& grafhv the writing, Scripture h& parabolhv the parable h& ei*rhvnh the peace h& e*ntolhv the commandment h& zwhv the life day 2: Forming the Imperfect Passive You will need to memorize the following paradigm so that you can conjugate other verbs in the imperfect passive. e*luovmhn I was being loosed 1 st e*luovmeqa we were being loosed e*luvou you were being loosed 2 nd e*luvesqe you were being loosed e*luveto he was being loosed 3 rd e*luvonto they were being loosed You should be able to identify the verb stem in the above conjugation. It is the stem lu, meaning loose or destroy. Notice that the imperfect augment, the epsilon, appears before the stem. Now, you should be able to see the endings. 1 Read through the entire paradigm twice, and then read just the endings twice. Remember that when you conjugate a verb, you will need to add the augment as well as the endings. Finally, now that you know the imperfect passive endings, you can use them to put 1 The endings you see above are actually the joining vowel and the endings together. There is usually a joining vowel (either omicron or epsilon) between the verb stem and the ending, but because this vowel sometimes combines with the ending to create a new letter/letters, I find that it is easier to memorize the combination together as a single ending. 86 ELEMENTARY GREEK

5 any deponent verb in the imperfect tense. These verbs will still be translated in the active voice, but they will look like the verbs above. day 3: Using the Imperfect Passive The translations in the exercise above should make it clear to you how the imperfect passive is formed. The passive voice shows that the subject was receiving the action, just as in the present tense. The exercise in your workbook will help you to practice using and recognizing this voice in the imperfect tense. Before you start on the exercises, you will find it helpful to review the rules about joining an augment to verbs beginning with a vowel (the augment and vowel combine into the lengthened form of the vowel ak*ouvomai h*kouovmhn), and about joining an augment to a verb with a prefix (the augment appears between the prefix and the stem, replacing the last letter of the prefix if it is a vowel paralambavnomai parelambanovmhn). day 4: Translating sentences In your sentences today, watch for verbs in the present passive. Remember to identify the verb first, and then look for a noun in the nominative case. From there, identify the case and use of the remaining words in the sentence, and then translate. day 5: Review You should be able to conjugate a verb in both the present and imperfect passive voice. ELEMENTARY GREEK 87