Aim: How did geography and culture shape Greek civilization?

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Ilene Mills
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1 Aim: How did geography and culture shape Greek civilization? Do Now: Look at map of Greece. 1. What are some geographic features/location? 2. How will this affect the development of Greece?

2 Major Events in Greek Ancient History 1250 BC Mycenaean Greece 1200s B.C. The Trojan War 776 B.C. Olympics B.C. Homer writes his Epics 621 BC 500 BC Democracy in Athens 490 B.C. Persian War battle at Marathon 480 B.C. Persian War battle at Thermopylae (300!!) 477 to 431 B.C. Golden age of Athens (Age of Pericles) 431 B.C. Peloponnesian War begins (Athens v. Sparta) B.C. The rule of Alexander The Great

3 Label: 1. Athens 2. Mediterranean Sea 3. Crete 4. Aegean Sea 5. Turkey 6. Greece

8 What geographic features shaped the development of Greece?! Mountains! Many rocky islands! Surrounded by Mediterranean and Aegean Seas! Many bays

9 How did these features influence Greece?! Isolation! Many small city-states (e.g. Athens, Sparta, Olympia)! Harbors many sailors

10 What characteristics did diverse Greek city-states share?! Common language! Greek mythology! Olympic Games! Religious beliefs

11 City-states! A city-state = a polis! 2 parts = acropolis and main city! Acropolis on hilltop (marble temples)! Main city on flatter ground within a wall; (marketplace, theater and homes) Acropolis Main City What word do you see the root polis in? What does this word mean?

12 ACROPOLIS

13 Reconstruction Model of The Acropolis, Athens

14 Ancient Greek Theater

15 How do we know the ancient Greeks had a civilization?

16 The Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet into their own. Evidence of system of writing

17 Most Greek city-states were ruled by an aristocracy (group of landowning nobles). Athenians later set up a direct democracy. Evidence of government

18 The Greeks worshipped many gods and built temples in their honor. Evidence of religion

19 The Greeks traded with areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia. A major part of their everyday life revolved around the marketplace. Evidence of an economic system

20 The Greeks created elaborate temples and sculptures. They pioneered column styled architecture. Evidence of advanced art and architecture

21 Minoans! 1750 BC! Island of Crete! Minoans traded with Egypt and Mesopotamia

22 Mycenaeans! 1400 BC! First Greek speaking people! Fought the Trojan War! Greek poet Homer wrote the Odyssey and Iliad

23 How can we compare the Iliad and Odyssey to stories today?! Epics narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds! Ideas of virtue, courage, and overcoming obstacles

24 Greek Myths! Human qualities, such as love, hate, and jealousy, given to gods! Gods quarreled and competed with each other, but were immortal! Helped Greeks to understand human nature

25 Aphrodite - Goddess of love Apollo - God of sun, light, medicine and poetry Ares - God of war Artemis - Goddess of hunting and childbirth Athena - Goddess of crafts, war, and wisdom Dionysus - God of wine, fertility, and wild behavior Eros - God of love Hera - Protector of marriage and women. In Greek mythology, sister and wife of Zeus Hermes - Messenger for the gods; god of commerce and science; and protector of travelers, thieves, and vagabonds Hades - God of the underworld Poseidon - God of the sea. In Greek mythology, also god of earthquakes and horses Zeus - Ruler of the gods

26 Summary! Why weren t the Greeks able to unite under one government?! What similarities did Greek citystates share?! How do Greek myths/epics help us to understand Greek values?

27 Alexander the Great Background:! Alex s father Phillip II was the king of Macedonia who had grown up admiring Athens and the Greeks in general. He even hired Aristotle to serve as the private tutor to his son Alexander.

28 Alexander the Great Background:! He was able to easily conquer the Greeks who were weak from fighting each other in the Peloponnesian War. After conquering the Greeks the Macedonian leader set his sights on Persia, but was assassinated at his daughter s wedding before he got the chance. Now it was up to Alexander!

29 Conquests:! Persia! 334 B.C lead 35,000 men into Anatolia and defeated the Persians! Forced king Darius III to flee! Darius tried to negotiate 1/3 of the empire but Alexander refused and marched into Egypt

30 Conquests:! Egypt! Egyptians welcome Alexander as a liberator! Alexander crowned pharaoh! Founded city of Alexandria

31 Conquests:! SW Asia! Moved into Mesopotamia, defeated the Persians and occupied the capital of Babylon! Alexander became the unchallenged ruler of SW Asia! 327 B.C reaches the Indus Valley but decides to retreat after large casualties and low moral (the men refused to fight any more)

32 Impact:! Allowed for the development of Hellenistic culture by fostering the blending of Persian, Egyptian, and Greek Civilizations. He encouraged this by having his soldiers marry the women in conquered areas. With ideas being shared.

33 Astronomy:! Aristarchus-heliocentric model of the universe (the planets revolve around the sun! Ptolemy-Geocentric Model of the universe (everything revolves around the Earth)

34 Mathematics:! Euclid-Wrote The Elements geometry textbook used by Muslims & Europeans until the 1900 s! Archimedes, calculated the approximate value of Pi

35 Physics:! Archimedes, laws of the lever, the pulley, force pump, steam engine, catapult, etc..

36 Philosophy:! Stoicism- people should be virtuous and avoid desire for power & wealth! Epicureanism- goal to achieve harmony between mind & body

37 What is this image showing us?

The Greeks 500 300 BC. Greek City States Early Greek sates called polis Usually built around a market or fortified hill top called an acropolis

The Greeks 500 300 BC. Greek City States Early Greek sates called polis Usually built around a market or fortified hill top called an acropolis The Greeks 500 300 BC Greek City States Early Greek sates called polis Usually built around a market or fortified hill top called an acropolis Greek City-State Political Monarch - ruled by a single person