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1 Commercial Application Solar Thermal Cooling and Steam Agenda 1. Solar Thermal Technologies 2. Solar Thermal Applications 3. Operating Patterns 4. Case Study: Frito-Lay 5. Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Solar Cooling & Heating Application
2 Commercial Application Solar Thermal Cooling and Steam Agenda 1. Solar Thermal Technologies 2. Solar Thermal Applications 3. Operating Patterns 4. Case Study: Frito-Lay 5. Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Solar Cooling & Heating Application
3 Solar Thermal Technologies Irradiation Relevance The Solar Process Direct Irradiation Diffuse Irradiation Source: DLR-ISIS Irradiance Data, Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 3
4 Solar Thermal Technologies General Technology Structure Solar Technologies Solar Thermal Process Solar Power High Temperature Low Temperature Photo Voltaic Concentrators Direct and Diffuse Irradiation Direct Irradiation Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 4
5 Solar Thermal Technologies Distinction between High and Low Temperature Technologies High Temperature Low Temperature Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 5
6 Solar Thermal Technologies High Temperature Technologies Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Central Receiver/ Tower Parabolic Dish Parabolic mirrors concentrate solar energy on tubes (2D Tracking) Flat mirrors concentrate solar energy on tube (2D Tracking) Heliostats concentrate solar energy on receiver (3D Tracking) Parabolic dish concentrates energy on receiver (3D Tracking) Power, Steam, Cooling Power, Steam, Cooling Power Power Operating Temp F F F 1382 F El. Efficiency 13 16% 8 11% 15 18% 18 22% Storage Molten Salt Hot Water Molten Salt Molten Salt None Size [MWe] (single tower) (single dish) Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 6
7 Solar Thermal Technologies Low Temperature Technologies Warm domestic water Total irradiation Efficiency: [40-70%] Plate Hot water [ F] Hot water [ F] Tube Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 7
8 Solar Thermal Technologies The Photovoltaics System Electricity Generation Total irradiation Conversion of the total irradiation energy collected to Electricity Efficiency: [8-14%] Electrical power Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 8
9 Commercial Application Solar Thermal Cooling and Steam Agenda 1. Solar Thermal Technologies 2. Solar Thermal Applications 3. Operating Patterns 4. Case Study: Frito-Lay 5. Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Solar Cooling & Heating Application
10 Solar applications Solar Thermal Applications Applications Power generation Desalination Hot Water Solar cooling Process Steam Heating Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 10
11 Solar Thermal Applications Cooling Applications Collector field (PTC 1800) Absorption chiller Double Effect Cooling tower [ F] [84-90 F] [ F] [ F] [43-48 F] [54-57 F] How to define the solar field size? Chilled water Qd = Qc / COP N ptc = Qd / P ptc1800 Qd: Driving heat Qc: Cooling requirement Nptc: Number of Collectors (PT 1800) P ptc1800 : 4,5 kw (PT 1800: thermal power of one collector) COP: 1,25 (basic value for the design) Solar Field Mounting area: 110ftX15ft per row (6 collectors/row) Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 11
12 Solar Thermal Applications Steam Applications Collector field (PTC 1800) Steam Generator 374 F Hot Water Saturated Steam psi 320 F How to define the solar field size? [ F] Hot Water [ F] Heat Exchanger [ F] Heating Water [ F] Qd = Q steam N ptc = Qd / P ptc1800 Qd: Nptc: P ptc 1800 : Driving Heat (Solar field power) Number of Collectors Thermal Power of 1 PTC1800 = 4,5 kw Solar Field Mounting area 110ftX15ft per row (6 collectors/row) Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 12
13 Solar Thermal Applications Collector Technical Data PTC 1800 Collector Length Aperture Weight Concentration factor Temperature area Thermal Power 16.7 ft 5.9 ft ca lb C = 45 [212; 482 F] 4,5 kw Sun Tracking System Precision 0,1 Grad Medium Hot Water, steam, Thermo oil Tracking One axis (2D)
14 Solar Thermal Applications Typical Layout Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10
15 Commercial Application Solar Thermal Cooling and Steam Agenda 1. Solar Thermal Technologies 2. Solar Thermal Applications 3. Operating Patterns 4. Case Study: Frito-Lay 5. Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Solar Cooling & Heating Application
16 Operating Patterns Schematic Construction ORC Electricity Solar Radiation Collector Field Heat Exchanger Steam (e.g. 356 F; 87 psi) Process Hot Water (374 F) psi Heat Exchanger Warm Water ( F) Heating Winter Mode Saturated Steam (58 psi) Hot Water Storage Tank Steam Generator Steam 2-stage Absoprtion Chiller Chilled Water (42.8 F) Summer Mode Back Up Boiler 16 Sun-to-Food Processing 22-Feb-10
17 Operating Patterns Typical Installations University Campus Hotels Hospitals and Clinics Airports Industrial buildings Food processing Textiles Chemical industry Supermarkets Cold storage buildings Apartment buildings Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 17
18 Operating Patterns Typical Applications Cont d Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 18
19 Commercial Application Solar Thermal Cooling and Steam Agenda 1. Solar Thermal Technologies 2. Solar Thermal Applications 3. Operating Patterns 4. Case Study: Frito-Lay 5. Case Study: Hotel Iberotel
20 Case Study: Frito-Lay Fritolay Steam Generation Number of Collectors 124 Number of Rows 22 Solar Field Size 32,300 sqft Steam Conditions 420 kw 22 lbs/min (30 % of the total flow) 87 psi abs, F Installation Time 4 months Natural Gas Savings 1,500,000 kwh/year CO2 savings 380 tons/year DNI 800 W/m 2 Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 20
21 Case Study: Frito-Lay Fritolay Layout Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 21
22 Case Study: Frito-Lay Fritolay Scematic Plan 1 1 Parabolic trough collector field Hot water system (356/311 F) 2 Chilled water system (43/54 F) Hot water storage tank air conditioning 3 chilled water storage tank cooling system (81/95 F) saturated steam (58 psi) 3 Double effect absorption chiller 2 solar steam generator existing LPG-fired steam boiler steam consumers Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10
23 Commercial Application Solar Thermal Cooling and Steam Agenda 1. Solar Thermal Technologies 2. Solar Thermal Applications 3. Operating Patterns 4. Case Study: Frito-Lay 5. Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Solar Cooling & Heating Application
24 Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Hotel Iberotel, Cooling, heating (1st phase) Number of Collectors 40 Number of Rows 5 Solar Field Size sqft Total Cooling Capacity 250 kw (80t chilling) with DNI of 800 W/m 2 Natural Gas Savings CO2 savings 165 kwh/year 141 tons/year Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 24
25 Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Hotel Iberotel, Cooling, heating Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 25
26 Current Need of Cold [kw] Case Study: Hotel Iberotel Hotel Iberotel, Cooling load (1st Phase) 160 Fossil Fuel Cooling Load Solar Cooling Load % solar cooling th May 2007 Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10 26
27 Thank You Questions Please Simon Lott Solar Cooling & Heating Application 22-Feb-10
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