Chapter 11 Section Review Packet

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Section 11-1: Jefferson as President Chapter 11 Section Review Packet 1. Thomas Jefferson 2. James Madison 3. William Marbury 4. John Marshall 5. Marbury v. Madison 6. Judicial review a. Secretary of State under Thomas Jefferson b. Third President of the United States c. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during Jefferson s Presidency d. The power of a court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional e. Judge appointed by John Adams, but was forced to sue James Madison for the actual commission f. Court case which established the power of judicial review 7. a) Why was the election of Thomas Jefferson significant? b) What party now controlled both Congress and the executive branch? a) First anti-federalist elected to the Presidency b) Anti-Federalists, or Democratic-Republicans, now controlled both Congress and the Presidency, allowed them to make changes with little opposition c) Proved that the country could change leadership peacefully without conflict or bloodshed 8. a) What significant changes did Thomas Jefferson make once he took office? a) Reduced the size of the army and navy; Reduced taxes; Removed Federalists from important government positions and replaced them with anti-federalists; Put Democratic-Republican ideas into practice 9. a) Explain the events surrounding the case known as Marbury v. Madison. b) What was the ruling of the Supreme Court? c) What important power did this establish for the Supreme Court? a) William Marbury was appointed as a federal judge by outgoing Federalist President John Adams; Sect of State James Madison refused to grant Marbury his commission, who sued Madison in the US Supreme Court reasoning that the Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the SC to force the President to grant Marbury his commission b) Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not allow the Supreme Court any such power, therefore the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. c) This established the power of judicial review for the judicial branch.

2 Section 11-2: The Louisiana Purchase 10. Napoleon Bonaparte 11. Toussaint-Louverture 12. Robert Livingston 13. Louisiana Purchase 14. Meriwether Lewis 15. William Clark 16. Sacagawea 17. Zebulon Pike a. Native American woman who acted as a guide for the Corps of Discovery b. Former slave who led the country of Haiti to independence from France c. Explorer who explored modern day Colorado, New Mexico, Mexico, and Texas d. Leader of an expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase e. Co -leader of the expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase f. Ruler of France that sold Louisiana to the United States g. Ambassador to France that negotiated the purchase of Louisiana h. Land purchase that nearly doubled the size of the United States 18. a) How did Napoleon s defeat in Haiti affect his ability to effectively control Louisiana? a) Napoleon wanted to use France s colony of Haiti as a supply base for operations in America; His defeat there by Toussaint Louverture prevented him from sending troops to Louisiana 19. a-c) What were the primary reasons the United States was interested in purchasing the Louisiana territory? a) To gain access to the port city of New Orleans b) To obtain land for settlement in the West (Manifest Destiny) c) To reduce British power in North America 20. a-d)what were some of the reasons why Napoleon was willing to sell Louisiana to the United States? e) How much money did the United States eventually pay France for the territory? a) France found it difficult to maintain their overseas territories and fight the war at home in Europe b) Needed money for supplies, weapons, etc. for their war against Britain and other European countries c) Didn t want to fight Britain and potentially the United States at the same time d) Wanted to reduce the power of Britain in North America e) US paid $15 million for the whole of the Louisiana Territory 21. a) Who did Thomas Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Purchase? b) What kinds of things did these men record in their journals? c) Whose help did they have? a) Sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the LA Purchase b) Recorded descriptions of the geography, wildlife, native Americans, etc. c) Had the help of native American guide Sacajawea and later her brother

3 Section 11-3: The Coming of War 22. Barbary States 23. Impressment 24. Embargo 25. Embargo Act 26. Non-Intercourse Act 27. Tecumseh 28. William Henry Harrison 29. Battle of Tippecanoe 30. War Hawks 31. James Madison a. President of the United States in 1808 b. General who defeated a confederation of native Americans at Tippecanoe c. A refusal to trade with another country d. Law that forbade all trade with foreign countries e. Law that forbade trade only with Britain and France, but declared the US would trade with the first country to stop violating US neutrality f. Group of pro-war politicians that favored war with Britain in 1812 g. Native American chief that hoped to unite various tribes into a unified confederation h. Battle in which Tecumseh s native American confederation was defeated i. North African states, primarily in Algeria, that engaged in piracy and demands of tribute from Europe and the United States k. The practice of forcing people to serve in an army or navy 32. a) What were the Barbary States? b) What kinds of tactics did they use? c) How did the United States eventually respond to these tactics? a) Barbary States were North African Islamic Sultanates; pirate states on the coast of North Africa b) Engaged in piracy in the Mediterranean Sea, demanded tribute from countries in order for them not to attack foreign ships c) US paid tribute at first, but then President Jefferson sent a fleet of ships and US Marines to defeat the Barbary Pirates; forced the Barbary States to respect American power 33. a) What British and French actions angered the people of the United States? b) How did the American government respond to violations of US neutrality? a) Both countries captured American vessels to prevent them from supplying either country in their war against each other; Britain impressed US sailors into their navies, claiming that those sailors were British citizens and thus could not serve in the US Navy anyway; Britain also funded and supplied native Americans on the western frontier of the US, encouraging attacks on American settlers b) Responded with the Embargo Act, cutting off trade with foreign countries (angered US merchants), then repealed Embargo Act and passed the Non-Intercourse Act, which restored trade with the first side that stopped violating US neutrality. 34. a) What led to the native American confederation that formed under Tecumseh? b) Who assisted native Americans with supplies, weapons, etc. on the American frontier, and why? a) Repeated violations of treaties and the refusal of American settlers to stop taking the natives lands b) The British were helping the natives in order to weaken the power of the United States and keep America occupied

4 35. a) What was the outcome of the Battle of Tippecanoe? b) Who led the Americans in this battle? a) The Battle of Tippecanoe was a major victory for the US over the native Americans under Tecumseh in the Northwest Territory on the frontier b) Americans led by William Henry Harrison, governor of the Illinois Territory and future President of the US 36. a) Who were some of the congressional leaders of the group known as the War Hawks, and what was their goal? b) What were some arguments for the war? c) What were some of the arguments against it? d) What group was most vocal in its opposition to the war? a) War Hawks included Henry Clay from KY and John C. Calhoun from South Carolina; in favor of declaring war against Britain in 1812 b) Arguments for: to stop impressment of American sailors into the British Navy; To stop the British from assisting the native Americans on the frontier; Opportunity to conquer Canada and add it to the territory of the United States; To fully gain independence from Britain; Britain would be busy fighting Napoleon in Europe and thus unable to pay full attention to a war with America c) Arguments against: country not ready for a war; Lacked military power to fight against the British Empire; Small army (mostly made up of militia) and navy (reduced in size by the anti-federalists); War would be costly in money and lives d) Federalists most vocal in opposition, because it would hurt trade relationship with Britain, America s largest trading partner

5 Section 11-4: The War of HMS Guerriere 38. USS Constitution 39. Oliver Hazard Perry 40. Battle of Lake Erie 41. Battle of the Thames 42. Red Eagle 43. Andrew Jackson 44. Battle of Horseshoe Bend 45. Battle of New Orleans 46. Hartford Convention 47. Treaty of Ghent a. Treaty that ended the War of 1812 b. American frigate that famously defeated the HMS Guerriere and other British vessels c. Great Lakes naval battle that established American control of the region, at least temporarily d. Hero of the battles of Horseshoe Bend and New Orleans e. Admiral who led the US fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie f. Chief of the Creek Indians, lost the Battle of Horseshoe Bend g. Final major battle, and American victory, of the war of 1812 h. Meeting of Federalists to discuss possible withdrawal from the US and peace with Britain i. Battle at which the British were defeated and native American leader Tecumseh was killed j. British vessel defeated by the USS Constitution k. Battle which saw the defeat of the Creek Indians 48. a) What were some initial advantages held by the United States at the outbreak of the War of 1812? b) When did these advantages come to an end? a) Britain busy fighting war with France so could not devote resources such as troops and ships to war in America; Americans would again be fighting on home soil; well trained sailors and Navy, despite small size, had new, powerful warships such as the USS Constitution b) Advantages came to end when Napoleon was defeated in Europe and Britain could focus attention on the war with America 49. a) Which area to the north of the United States did America focus its attention and why? b) Did this plan succeed or fail and why? a) America focused its attention on Canada, believing that it would be easily conquered b) Plan failed miserably, because US was undersupplied, lacked adequate troops, only had militia, etc. 50. a) What were some key victories for the United States in the War of 1812? b) Who were some of its key leaders? (Answers below include victories and leaders) a) Key victories early on including one-on-one battles between American and British ships, such as the battle between the USS Constitution and the HMS Guerriere; Naval battle on the Great Lakes, the Battle of Lake Erie, led by Oliver Hazard Perry; Battle of the Thames, where W. H. Harrison defeated the native Americans under Tecumseh; Battle of Horseshoe Bend, where Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in the South; Battle of New Orleans, where Andrew Jackson defeated a British army decisively

6 51. a) How did the War of 1812 affect US-Native American relations? b) How did it affect the power of various native-american tribes such as the Creek and Shawnee? a) Defeats at the hands of the United States made the natives more likely to discuss peace treaties with America b) Greatly reduced the power of native-american tribes on the frontier and in the South; Britain could no longer supply or fund the native-americans 52. a) Describe the Battle of New Orleans. b) Who led the American troops in this battle, and what was significant about the date or timing of this battle? a) The British sent an invasion force to capture the important port of New Orleans; Major defeat for the British b) Andrew Jackson led American forces in this battle, setting up defensive positions around the city; Battle occurred after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of a) What was the Hartford Convention? b) Who met there and why? c) What was the ultimate outcome of this convention? a) Meeting of New England Federalists in 1814 at Hartford, Connecticut b) Federalists hoping to make a separate peace with Britain and end the War of 1812 c) Many Americans saw the Federalist convention as traitorous; led to the demise of the Federalist Party 54. a) Although the United States didn t necessarily win the War of 1812, how did Americans feel about the war and its outcome? b) What was the British attitude? c) What was the Canadian attitude? a) Americans felt like they had truly won independence from Britain, that the war forced Britain to see the US as regional or world power; Proud that the US was able to stand up to world powers like Britain; Led to the demise of the Federalists, national unity, and the Era of Good Feelings b) The war was a minor part of the Napoleonic Wars; barely remembered in Britain today c) Canadians see it as their war of independence, in which they prevented American conquest of their country