Mixing Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Green Growth in Colombia: A recipe to resilient coastal cities?

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1 Mixing Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Green Growth in Colombia: A recipe to resilient coastal cities? Verónica Trujillo-Gedeon Former visiting Research Fellow, Global Development Partnership Center, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Colombia Javier Mouthon-Bello Associate Professor, Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia) June 1 st, 2013

2 Coastal cities in Colombia Caribbean Sea 1937 km of coast line Three major coastal cities * Cartagena inhabitants Santa Marta inhabitants Riohacha inhabitants Pacific Ocean 1576 km of coast line Two major coastal cities * Buenaventura inhabitants Tumaco inhabitants * 2013 Estimated population by DANE (Colombia)

3 Coastal cities in Colombia Jaime Correa 2009 Cartagena de Indias - World Heritage City inhabitants

4 Climate change impacts Cartagena de Indias, Flooding event 2010

5 Invemar y Alcaldía de Cartagena Climate change impacts Sea level rise storm surges Coastal erosion Drought Ecosystem loss

6 e are usually surrounded by mangrove areas. The largest is going through shows high intervention levels as it is being filled with trash to adequate tructure (Alcaldía de Cartagena 2000). Uncontrolled urban growth INVEMAR, Sea level rise 2010 Jaime Correa 2009 n of the expansion of the invasive illegal settlement into the Cienaga de la Virgen s.

7 Jaime Correa 2011 Learning from the past looking to the future

8 Main ingredients ICZM Dynamic process that promote sustainable development in coastal zones Green City Preserve and enhance environmental qualities Resilient Coastal City

9 Jaime Correa 2009 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) C Invemar, 2009 Dynamic, continuous and interactive process designed to promote sustainable development in coastal areas through policies, strategies and sectorial plans in space and time, taking into account the marine and terrestrial components of the littoral (Barrangán, et al., 2008)

10 Stages for an ICZM plan Problem identification and evaluation Characterization and assessment Plan formulation and adoption Plan implementation Evaluation and review INVEMAR, 2003

11 Problem identification and Evaluation 1. Orientation 2. Institutional arrangements 3. Technical team 6. Scoping 5. Stakeholder identification 4. Problem formulation COLMIZC Methodology INVEMAR, 2003

12 Problem identification and evaluation Characterization and assessment Formulation and adoption Implementation Evaluation Characterization and Assessment 2.1. Information requirement Characterization 2.2. Field studies 2.3. Model building and analysis 4. Zoning 5. Synthesis and design scenarios Assessment COLMIZC Methodology INVEMAR, 2003

13 Problem identification and evaluation Characterization and assessment Formulation and adoption Implementation Evaluation From plan formulation to evaluation 3.1. Plan, programs and strategies Formulation and adoption 3.2. Regulations Implementation 5.1. Impact evaluation Evaluation 5.2. Plan review 5.3. New conditions COLMIZC Methodology INVEMAR, 2003

14 Integral Environmental - Land Planning Unit (UIP) Coastal Environment Unit (UAC) Integrated Management Unit (UMI) ICZM: From national to local level National Level Regional Level Local Level UIP - Caribbean Sea Caribbean Sea Cartagena City Pacific Ocean

15 Trujillo, Veronica Green growth in urban coastal zones Green City

16 Land Uses Urban design must contemplate the coast as prime real estate (aesthetic and functional value) Compatible Mixed Uses Housing, Commerce Densification + Economies of Scale Sea Level Rise Shoreline Modification Preservation of environmental values Establishment of urban protection areas (e.g. mangroves)

17 Boardwalk of San Andrés Island Transportation Linear Park of Cartagena de Indias Coastal Zones for people, not cars High scenic value Priority of non-motorized forms of transport Construction of adequate infrastructure: linear parks and boardwalks Connectivity of littoral areas with other parts of the city Public Transport Areas determined for Parking Tramways Aquatic Transport for commuting

18 Water resources managment Efficient stormwater management systems- Resilience to natural disasters Informal Settlements in High Risk Areas Coastal area pollution is a transboundary issue, requiring concerted efforts by all coastal cities. Appropriate urban infrastructure potable water networks and sewage systems (from the source to its final destination) Wastewater for reutilization-reduce pollution, energy source Increase of human well being (reduction of Morbimortality), favors the environment

19 Cartagena city at risk of sea level rise and extreme weather

20 Climate change adaptation plan 1. Rural development and adaptation 2. Infrastructure and competitivity 3. Climate and information 4. Strategic ecosystems 5. Integrated water resource management 6. Institutional arrangements 7. Knowledge ICZM Initiative Green growth initiative Adapted from INVEMAR, 2012

21 Tide Control Structures for the residential and touristic sector Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011

22 Relocation of vulnerable communities Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011

23 Coastal erosion defense system Public space and urban development Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011

24 Old city revitalization project Jaime Correa 2009

25 Old city revitalization project Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011

26 Conclusions Coastal cities must learn to implement both green growth and integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) strategies, thus environmental, social, economic and governance aspects can be incorporated to a resilient city. ICZM + Green growth require strong community participation from plan conception to implementation. Stakeholders should share their experiences and responsibilities with local and national government. ICZM experiences improves national policies, and results in a better understanding of the capacities and needs of local level.

27 Together we build a resilient city Happy Bday Cartagena! Alcaldía de Cartagena, 2011