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Transcription

1 '. _ - XAPKIBCbKHM HAmOHAJlbHMM TEXHIHHHM yhibepcmtet, CI/lbCbKOrO TOCnOflAPCTBA IMEHI HETPA BACHJEHKA

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4 YAK.0. cycniabhhh noaia IIPALU TA OOPMyBAHHfl BHPOEHPTqHX CTPyKTyP AMEPOCOB B.H., Ą.E.H., npo<t>ecop, iiaeh-kop. HAAH YKPAIHH, XAPKIBCbKHM HAIJIOHAAbHMM TEXHMHHH YHIBEPCHTET CIAbCbKOrO rocnoaapctba IM. TI. BACHAEHKA Poijmdammua numanna no&/iu&ietim cycni/ibmzo nodijiy npaifi ma uoto etuiuey na (popmjeanhr cnetfiaaioeanux nidnpuemcme e azpapnomj cennopi. The ąuestions oj deepening social diwńon of labor and the impact on the formation oj spetialż^ed farms in the agricultural sector. FIocTaHOBKa npoaemh. POBHTOK BHPOHHHHX crpyiayp B arponpomhcaobomy KOMnAeKci TICHO nob'flahhii noraiigaehhhm noaiay npaui, HKe npoflbahetbcfl B TOMy, HIO BHHHKaiOTb HOBI raayi, niabhmyetbcfl pibehb cnen,iaaian,ii', mtehchbho pobhbaiotbcfl npouech Koonepauii Ta ihterpauii, 0'eAHyroTbCfl pecypcn Ta cpmahch, md cnpflmobyiotbcfl Ha iabmehhh BHpoGHHirrBa eahhoro KmueBoro npoaykty AAfl GiAbni nobhoro aaoboaehhh notpeg cycniabctba. AHaAi octahhix AOCAIASKCHŁ i nyaik;min. ripogaemam CpOpMyBaHHH BeAHKOTOBapHOTO BHpoGHHHTBa HK GlAbLU ecpekthbhoto, a octahhi pokh HaMHa ybara nphajafletbcfl y npan,ax M.il. AeM'flHeHKa, M.O. KponnBKH, M.H. MaAiKa, T.r. MapeHiin, I.B. OxpiMeHKa, B.n. PHGOKOHH, M.H. XopyH)Kero Ta ihnihx. AAe, HK CBiAHHTb AOCBIA, Tani AOCAiA>KeHHH notpegyiotb npoaobhcehhh. Ha pibhi Aep>KaBH noraiigaehhh cycniabhoro noaiay npaui BeAe AO cpopmybahhh i cpyhkuiohybahhfl arperatobahhx KOMnAeKciB ManiHHoGyAiBHoro, naahbho-eheprethhhoro, TpaHcnopTHoro, arponpomhcaoboro, ihnihx. CTOCOBHO arponpomhcaoboro KOMnAeKcy cycniabhhh noaia npaui nob'}rahhh noaaabinok) TpaHccpopMaiiiero raayen HK Ha pibhi AnK Aep>KaBH, TAK i periohib, i nip OCOGAHBO BaacAHBO BHPOHHHHX CTpyKTyp. nocaiaobho niabhm,yetbcfl KOHu,eHTpanifl BnpoGHnnTBa y BCIX cpopmax rocnoaapiobahhfl. MeTa CTarri pokpnth BnAHB cycniabhoro noaiay npaui Ha cpopmybahhh cymachhx BHPOHHHHX CTpyKTyp. BIIKAHA ochobhoro MaTepiaAy. a pokh pecpopmybahhh, OCOGAHBO Ha nepuihx etanax, GaraTO ybarn nphaiaflaocb pobhtky ApiGHOTOBapHoro BHpoGHHirrBa, cpepmepcbkhm Ta OCOGHCTHM rocnoaapctbam. Y CTpaTerinHOMy naam iie He BHpiuiHAO npogaemy CTaGiAbHoro aenemehhh npoaoboabctbom y BiAnoBiAHOCTi

5 UDC. CONDITIONS TO CONDUCT BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES WALDEMAR IZDEBSKI, WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SKUDLARSKI JACEK, WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES - SGGW, STANISŁAW ZAJĄC, STATE HIGHER VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN KROSNO, SVETLANA ALEKSANDROVNA ZAYKA, KHARKIV PETRO VASILENKO NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE Economic actimty is associated with respect for the law laid down by the given state. Unfavorabk business enmronment are a major obstade for companies. The aim of this study was to present the conditions of carrying out economic actimties in selected countńes, with particular emphasis on Poland and Ukrainę on the basis of the World Bank ranking. The place of the country in the ranking depends on cńteńa, which are the indicators of conditions for doing business. In the ranking published in 0, among countńes Poland bas been classified at place, Ukrainę at place. In compańson with the premous year 's ranking both countńes improved. DKOHOMunecKaa óenmeabhocmb, censannan c yeaxenuem K awny, ycmahoejienhbim zocydapcmeom. TAOSHUM npennmcmeuem ÓAH KOMnatłuiweAAwmcA HeAazonpunmHueycAoeun e umec pede. IfeAb dannozo uccaedoeanuh satcawłoaacb e npedcmaeaenuu ycaoeuu ÓAH ocyufecmeaetiur K0H0MuuecK0u denmeabhocmu e omdeabhux cmpanax, c ocoóbtm aiafenmom na TIoAbtuy u YKpauny na ocmee peumunza BceMupmzo óarnca. TIouąun e peumume cmpanu aeucum om Kpumepuee, mmopue nearmmcn utłdukamopomuycaoeuu ÓAH eedenun umeca. B peumume, onyb~aukoeatłtłom e 0 zoda TIoAbtua bi/ia omnecena K nymcmoe, YKpauna na Mecme pędu cmpan. Tło pasnenum c peumumom npouuiozo zoda Mexdy deymh cmpanomu nacmynu/ipocm. Introduction. Economic activity is associated with respect for the law laid down by a state. Regulations on business have impact on how companies are doing on the market and what regulation they must comply with. Unfavorable business environment is s major hurdle for companies [Izdebski, Skudlarski, Świętochowska, Zając 0]. For comparative purposes, the experts of the World Bank every year do research regarding the conduct of business in different countries around the world. They take into account a number of factors, including setting up and closing the business, ease of obtaining loan, employing workers and paying taxes. They

6 watch which countries reform their economies, and on this basis the ranking is formed. The aim of this study was to present the conditions of carrying out economic activities in selected countries, with particular emphasis on Poland and Ukrainę on the basis of the World Bank ranking. The ranking has been published sińce 00 and includes countries. A country s place in the ranking depends on criteria, which are indicators of conditions for doing business. Ease of Doing Business Index. Ease of Doing Business Index is an indicator developed by the World Bank. Higher rank indicates better, usually simpler, regulations governing matters related to running an enterprise and stronger protection of property by law. Empirical studies, commissioned by the World Bank showed that improving these regulations has a very strong effect on the economic growth. The indicator is based on research on laws and regulations carried out and verified by morę than,000 representatives of the state authorities, lawyers, consultants, accountants and other professionals who every day have to deal with regulations concerning the business. Ease of Doing Business Index is designed to measure regulations directly affecting businesses without examining other conditions such as proximity to major markets, ąuality of infrastructure, inflation, or crime. Position of the country in the ranking is based on the average of the categories: Starting a Business - Procedures, time and reąuired minimum initial contribution, Obtaining building permits - the procedures, time and cost of inspections and obtaining permits and inspections, The electric energy indicator-time and cost of getting a connection to electric grid by the newly built electric company, Property registering - Procedures, time and cost of registering property, Getting credit - credit control force and the amount of information on the loan, Investor protection - the scope of disclosure and the responsibility of management before the shareholders, Paying taxes - Number of taxes paid, hours per year spent on the ///

7 preparation of tax statements, and part of the gross income which is the paid tax, Foreign Trade - the number of documents, signatures and the time reąuired for an entrepreneur to import or export, Conclusion of agreements - the procedures, time and cost of entering into and enforcing debt contracts, Liąuidation of the company - the time and cost associated with the termination of activities, and the recovery ratę. The categories are independent, so it is rare that countries were at the forefront (or at the very end) in all categories. In other words, even countries among the leaders can make some reforms to improve EoDBI. Poland and Ukrainę in the World Bank ranking. For several years Singapore has been the ranking leader. The top ten also included: New Zealand, United States, Denmark, Norway, United Kingdom, Korea Rep., Georgia, Australia. Poland was ranked at place out of countries evaluated, which means promotion by positions compared to the previous report. Ukrainę is classified on the th place and in relation to the previous report, has moved up by places (Table, ). Poland and Ukrainę in the overall ranking are ahead of such countries as Finland (), Latvia (), Lithuania (), Austria (), Spain (), Slovakia () and Hungary (). Poland received top ratings in the following categories: obtaining credit (th place), investors protecting () and international trade (0), while Ukrainę received rd place in the category of getting credit, nd in the category of respecting the existing agreement and 0th in the category of business starting. For both countries procedures for obtaining building permits were very negative. According to the authors of the report, they are very timeconsuming (0 days in Poland, days in Ukrainę), formal ( and 0 formalities were counted (Table ) respectively) and expensive (.% of income per capita in Poland and.% in Ukrainę). In this respect, Poland ranks place and Ukrainę - rd. Poland is also weak when it comes to starting a business ( place). The bad score comprised of: high cost of start-up, a large number of formalities (), long time ( days). In comparison, in New Zealand, just one procedurę and one day is needed to start a business.

8 Table Ranking of conditions for doing business in certain countries Poland Ukrainę Singapore Hong Kong SAR, China New Zealand United States Denmark Norway United Kingdom Korea, Rep. Georgia Australia Latvia Hungarv Belarus Czech Republic Bułgaria Turkev Romania Italy Greece China Source: Doing Business 0, World Bank,

9 In terms of ease of paying taxes Poland occupied th place, Ukraine th place. An entrepreneur who wishes to meet the needs of Polish tax regulations, would have to make payments making up a total of.% of profit before tax and spend hours a year for that. Ukrainian entrepreneur must make payments making up a total of.% of gross profit, dedicating hours a year (Table ). In this year's ranking Poland experienced the biggest rise from position in 0 to in 0. For the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in comparison to previous year the following countries increased their places: Russia (by seats) and the Ukraine (up places). Hungary fell by places, and Bulgaria fell by places. Table The conditions for doing business in Poland and Ukraine on the basis of the World Bank's ranking published in 0 and 0 Topie Rankings Doing Business 0 Rank Doing Business 0 Rank Change in Rank Poland Ukrainę Poland Ukrainę Poland Ukrainę Ease of Doing Business Rank Starting a Business 0 Dealing with Construction Permits - - Getting Electricity 0 - Registering Property Getting Credit Protecting Inyestors Paying Taxes No change - No change - Trading Across Borders Enforcing Contracts Resolying Insolyency Source: Own study based on

10 According to the bank, Poland improved its position thanks to the reforms in four areas: property registration, taxes, contract enforcement and bankruptcy proceedings. Ukraine improved its position due to changes in the following areas: opening the business, taxes, registering property (Table ). Ten countries which recorded the highest increase in the ranking were the following : Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan, Burundi, Costa Rica, Mongolia, Greece, Serbia, Kazakhstan (Table ). Table Countries that mostly improved in three or more indicators based on World Bank ranking published in 0 Poland Sri Lanka Ukrainę Uzbekistan Burundi Costa Rica Mongolia Greece Serbia Kazakhstan Source: Doing%0Business/Documents/ Annual- Reports/English/DB -full-report.pdf

11 Table Number of procedures, number of payments and the time of their implementation in selected countries based on the World Bank's published in 0 Poland Ukrainę Singapore Hong Kong SAR, China New Zealand United States Denmark Norway United Kingdom Korea, Rep. Georgia Australia Latvia Huneary Belarus Czech Republic Bulearia Turkev Romania Italy Greece China Europa Wschodnia i Azja Środkowa Eastern Europe & Central Asia OECD Source: Own study based on

12 Summary. The World Bank report shows that too many legał regulations, excessive taxes and government hypertrophy are not the way for growth and prosperity. World's richest countries are at the forefront. At the same time the same countries often occupy very high positions in the other rankings, such as the ąuality of life HDI (Humań Development Index). On the other hand, each ranking has its critics. What is important is the methodology that draws attention to conducting business only from the formal side, and does not include the practical side of business in the given country. Various components of the indicator itself make suggestions for improving the situation. Many of them can be relatively easily implemented and are not controversial. Publishing the Ease of Doing Business index has improved regulations in many countries. Some of them set themselves the goal of being among the best countries. Ten of the most active countries were: Poland, Sri Lanka, Ukrainę, Uzbekistan, Burundi, Costa Rica, Mongolia, Greece, Serbia, Kazakhstan. In the ranking, published in 0 Poland has been classified at place, Ukrainę at th. In comparison with the previous year's ranking, two countries experienced a rise. Literaturę.. Doing Business 0, World Bank. Izdebski W., Skudlarski J., Świętochowska U., Zając S. 0. Analysis of possibilities of gaining European Funds for the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. XV MeKAynapOAHan HayHHO-IIpaKTiraecKaJi KoHcpepeHijHJi, CoBpeMeHHbie TeXHOAOrHH CeAbCKOX0JIHCTBeHHOrO npohboactba", Wyd. TpoAHeHCKHH TocyAapcTBeHHbiH ArpapHbiń YHHBepCHTeT, Grodno s. -, Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB-full-report.pdf YAK 0.. CTAAHH P0BHTOK TA KOHIJEHTPAqra BHPOBHHUTBA CIABCBKOrOCnOAAPCBKHX nianphgmctb KAOUAH B.B., ACniPAHTKA, XAPKIBCbKHM HAIJIOHAAbHMM TEXHMHHH YHIBEPCHTET CIAbCbKOrO rocnoaapctba IM. TI. BACHAEHKA y cmammi poi/ismymo meopemumi numcmm eti/iuey WHąeHmpaąii eupoónutfmea e ci/iubwmj zocnoóapcmei na eci ciaiadoei cmcuiozo p0eumig ci/iubwzomoóapcbkux nidnpuemcme, npoeedem cma/ii e'xxy Mix KOHąetimpaąiew ci/ibcbwzomoóapcbwzo HajKoeuu KepienuK Omzina BM. d.e.tł., npocpecop