Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST Case Study

Transcription

1 September 2013 Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST Case Study The project was carried out under the National Research and Development Programme - Innovation 2008 of Romania. This project aimed to build a residential building under the Passive House concept adapted to the climate conditions in Romania.This case study outlines the east face of the building, that consist of two semi-detached dwellings. The estimated energy demand as scheduled in accordance with PHPP 2007 (programme developed by PHI - Darmstadt) is only 30,9 kwh/m 2 /y for heating the space to achieve the thermal comfort, and total consumption required 119 kwh/m 2 /y. 1

2 September 2013 Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST This case outlines a two family semi-detached houses according to the Passive House standard, adapted to the Romanian climate conditions. It was developed under the National R&D project INOVATION GENERAL Name: Passive House Politehnica East Owner: University Politehnica of Bucharest Designer: Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism. Institute for Studies and Power Engineering. New/retrofit: New build Use: Laboratory Location: Bucharest, România Climate: Continental Heated area: 140 m 2 Certification: no certification Awards: no awards The location is near the Power Engineering Faculty - University POLITEHNICA Bucharest Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest

3 DESIGN Approach: Passive House design Construction typology: Heavyweight construction U-values W/K/m 2 : Walls 0,122; roof 0,107; windows 0,80 Air tightness: 0,50 h -1 at P=50 Pa Ventilation: Mechanical with heat recovery Passive heating strategies: Solar passive design Passive cooling strategies: Canadian well, designed with solar protections ENERGY Primary energy need: 118,9 kwh/m 2 /y Final energy consumption: 45,7 kwh/m 2 /y CO 2 annual emissions: 32 kg CO 2 /m 2 /y Energy rating: A (energy class) Specific space heat demand: 30,9 kwh/m 2 /y RENEWABLE ENERGY Sources: PV, solar thermal - PV installed power: 1,75 kwp not connected to grid yet Annual generation: 2625 kwh/y - Solar thermal installed power: 1 kw Annual generation: 2550 kwh/y - 55% coverage of primary energy need for DHW 3

4 GENERAL Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST BUILDING Name: Passive house Politehnica East Use: Laboratory Users: Students Completion year: New/Retrofit: New construction Type of ownership: Freehold (private) Building/community: It is a P+1 semi-detached building with rectangular shape, high compactness and shading elements farther away. 4

5 GENERAL BUILDING Building description: Window area on South façade 60 % from total glazed area Window area on East façade 26 % from total glazed area Window area on North façade 14 % from total glazed area Area and volume (m 2, m 3 ): Net floor area: 140 m 2 Gross floor area : 188 m 2 Heated area: 140 m 2 Cooled area: - Façade area: m 2 Glazed area: 32 m 2 Floor height: 3.10 m 2 Gross total volume: 435,3 m 3 What is special? The construction was built for a demonstrative purpose, for rise the users confidence in energy efficient systems for building sector. This building is particularly dedicated for laboratory works of IPB students. LOCATION Location: Bucharest, Romania Population: 2 milion inhabitants Site: Urban - Inside the campus of University Politehnica Local resources: There are no local energy resources: No exploitation system already available Water resources: No natural water resources 5

6 GENERAL CLIMATE Climate description: Humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification). Heating degree days (base temperature 12/20) : 2590 for a standard building Cooling degree days (base temperature 25) : 192 Mean annual temperature: 10,6 0 C Amount of global radiation per year: 1390 kwh/m 2 Minimum monthly average of radiation per day: 1,27 kwh/m 2 Maximum monthly average of radiation per day: 6,41 kwh/m 2 (Weather database: Meteonorm) ACTORS & AWARDS Owner: Polytechnica University of Bucharest Designers: Architects UAUIM, energy experts - ISPE Construction company: AGECOM Baia Mare Supporting actors: UTCB, ISOVER, Saint Gobain, Ytong, Lindab Awards: - 6

7 Concentratie CO2 (ppm) GENERAL Variatia CO2 (ppm) - 25 martie 2013 Timp IMPLEMENTATION Implementation process: Many sponsors were involved during the implementation process Some of the needed equipment was purchased from abroad Next time: Works to ensure shading during summer. USERS User behavior: The building has occasionally been used by students since January User feedback: An experiment was conducted to monitor the CO2 concentration during a 2-hour examination of 21 students to estimate the efficiency of the ventilation system. COMMISSIONNING Energy commissioning: There is no monitoring in terms of real energy consumption. Gap: Given the lack of funds there is no shading, so during summer, comfort temperature was often exceeded for a period of time. Comfort commissioning: The parameters monitored are: indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, soil temperature, humidity and CO 2 concentration. 7

8 DESIGN Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST DESIGN APPROACH Approach: Passive house design Goals: To achieve the Passive House energy consumptions Design methodology: A very reduced energy demand for heating / cooling with a very good building insulation, and use of RES energy. Motivation: Demonstration project Key points: Compact construction, use of solar gains, an efficient insulation. CONSTRUCTION Construction typology: Brick masonry with aerated concrete (Ytong) and ventilated facade. Daylighting: Daylight has been prioritized only in terms of dimensioning the window area, especially on the South façade. PASSIVE STRATEGIES Passive heating: good insulation, heat recovery ventilation, solar gain Passive cooling: good insulation, canadian well. A solar protection was designed but it wasn t implemented. No automated solar protection. 8

9 DESIGN (version2) DETAILS Façade: Ventilated façade, Ytong brick 25 cm + 30 cm ISOVER mineral wool + timber panels Werzalit - Southern façade, metal panels RUUKI Eastern and Northern façade U-value = 0,122 W/m 2 K - thermal bridges are included Roof: Ventilated and insulated with 40 cm ISOVER mineral wool covered with RUUKI metal panels U-value = 0,107 W/m 2 K - thermal bridges are included Ground floor: Parquet, OSB panel, lightly reinforced screed 5 cm, extruded polysterene foam 15 cm, ferroconcrete screed 12 cm, extruded polysterene foam 18 cm, lightly reinforced screed 5 cm. U-value = 0,105 W/m 2 K - thermal bridges are included Windows: LOW PLANILUX DIAMANT triple glazing and low-e U glass = 0,6 W/m 2 K REHAU GENEO PHZ frame with spacer U frame = 0,73 W / m 2 K Windows mean transmittance U window = 0,80 W / m 2 K Thermal bridges: -values for windows: lintel 0,032 W/mK, outline W/mK Ground plate 0,034 W/mK No important punctual thermal bridges ( ) Thermal inertia: concrete floors, concrete roof and concrete pillars. 9

10 DESIGN AIR QUALITY Ventilation type: Mechanical Air tightness: 0,50 h -1 at P=50 Pa Ventilation solution: Mechanical ventilation with energy recovery Efficiency of the installed system: 0,91 Mean real efficiency: 0,8 IAQ: Students from the Faculty of Automatics had designed a system of automatic control of flow from the well Canadian fans depending on humidity and CO2 concentration. ENVIRONMENT Water: No strategy was implemented. District water network is used. Waste: No strategy was implemented to manage waste. INNOVATIONS Technology: In the process of implementing a system of automatic control of flow from the well Canadian fans depending on humidity and CO2 concentration to be monitored by wireless sensors. Other: A bypass of both flows was Implemented for heat recovery for the optimal operation of the Canadian well in intermediate seasons (spring, autumn). 10

11 ENERGY Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST ENERGY INDICATORS Primary energy need: kwh/y, 118,9 kwh/m 2 /y - value comes from simulations Primary energy need for standard building: 480 kwh/m 2 /y Final energy consumption: 6398 kwh/y, 45,7 kwh/m 2 /y CO2 equivalent emission: accounting for 32 kg CO2/m2/y (0,7 kg CO2/kWh Romanian conversion factor of electricity in CO2 equivalent emissions) Conversion factor FE-PE: Electricity: 2,6 Renewable energy production: Project calculations: - Solar thermal: 2550 kwh/y (55% coverage of primary energy need) for DHW - PV generation: 2625 kwh/y Energy labels: - National energy certification level: Building without national energy certifcate 11

12 ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND Primary energy demand: 118,9 kwh/m 2 /y Heating demand: 30,9 kwh/m 2 /y design values Cooling demand: 0 kwh/m 2 /y design values DHW demand (domestic hot water): 38,1 kwh/m 2 /y 1148 kwh/user/y Lighting demand: 10,8 kwh/m 2 /y 1) Geothermal heat exchanger soil-air (canadian well); 2) Condensate drain system; 3) Heat recovery air-air; 4) Electrical ressistance; 5) Radiant panels; 6) Hot water boiler; 7) Electrical ressistance for heating water; 8) Cold water supply; 9) Domestic consumption of hot water; 10) Solar-thermal panels. ENERGY SYSTEMS Heating system: - Canadian well with diameter -200 mm and length - 90 m + heating recovery system - air / air FOCUS 200 with 3 levels - Electric heating coil with diameter = 160 mm, electrical power =2,4 kw, single phase system, with air temperature control Cooling system: Canadian well DHW generation: - Bivalent (solar / electric) boiler, power P = 3 kw + solar panel with vacuum tube collectors, area = 4 m2 Energy storage: DHW boiler V=200 l Energy management system: No management system installed. Control and Automation: There are no controls or automated elements. 12

13 ENERGY LIGHTING & APPLIANCES Lighting: 60 lamps with LED technology. Appliances: No appliances installed yet. Total primary electricity demand (lighting and appliances): 6986 kwh/y; 49,9 kwh/m 2 /y project calculations COMFORT Temperature set point (heating): 20 C Temperature set point (cooling): 26 C Weather database: Meteonorm COST Electricial energy tariff 0.14 /kwh 13

14 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES - RES Passive House POLITEHNICA EAST RES Total RES installed power: 2,75 kw Total RES generation: 5175 kwh/y Renewable energy sources: - solar thermal - photovoltaics SOLAR PV Installed power: 1,75 kw p Annual generation: 2625 kwh/y (goal) Panels Surface: 13 m 2 System: Polycrystalline solar modules Schott Solar Poly 225, 13 panels. PV panels, installed on the roof, not yet connected to the grid. SOLAR THERMAL Installed power: 1 kw Annual generation: 2550 kwh/y (goal) Collectors surface: 4 m 2 System: 1 solar vacuum tube collector REHAU SOLECT WK 1S. Storage system: 200 l 14