ANSI/ASHRAE Standard Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests
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1 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests DesignBuilder Version (incorporating EnergyPlus version 1.3.0) - June 2006
2 1.0 Purpose The ANSI/ASHRAE Standard specifies test procedures that can be applied to evaluate the range of applicability and capability of software designed to calculate the thermal performance of buildings and their environmental control systems. The tests are based on the principle of comparing the performance of one program against the performance of other programs and while the tests are not intended to evaluate all aspects of the software, they are designed to indicate any serious flaws or limitations. Interested readers are advised to refer to the standard itself for more information. The tests as applied to DesignBuilder have three main objectives: To indicate the relative performance of DesignBuilder compared with various other state-of-the-art building energy computer programs. To compare the results from EnergyPlus (v 1.3.0) run from within DesignBuilder with the results taken from the GARD Analytics report 2 on EnergyPlus (v 1.3.0) run in standalone mode. To allow future versions of DesignBuilder to be compared with previous versions as part of the DesignBuilder Quality Assurance procedure. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 2 17 June 2006
3 2.0 Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Test Cases The thermal envelope and fabric load test cases are divided into three main groups. The first group is designed to test the software using a low mass configuration, the second using high mass and the third group tests both low and high mass configurations under free float conditions. The following test cases were performed as specified in the standard: Base test case 600 (Section of Standard) Basic tests (Section of Standard) Low mass test cases High mass test cases Free-float test cases 600FF, 650FF, 900FF and 950FF Modelling requirements specific to DesignBuilder are detailed in Section Common Input Information This section describes input data that is common to all test cases Window Properties Property Value Extinction coefficient /mm Number of panes 2 Pane thickness mm Air-gap thickness 13 mm Index of refraction Normal direct-beam transmittance through one pane Thermal conductivity of glass 1.06 W/mK Conductance of each glass pane 333 W/m 2 K Combined radiative and convective coefficient of air gap W/m 2 K Exterior combined surface coefficient W/m 2 K Interior combined surface coefficient 8.29 W/m 2 K U-value from interior air to ambient air 3.0 W/m 2 K Hemispherical infrared emittance of ordinary uncoated glass 0.9 Density of glass 2500 kg/m 3 Specific heat of glass 750 J/kgK Interior shade devices None Double-pane shading coefficient at normal incidence Double-pane solar heat gain coefficient at normal incidence ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 3 17 June 2006
4 EnergyPlus uses the Windows 5 format for the specification of window properties and additional glass properties are required for the inside and outside surfaces. These additional properties have been obtained from the GARD Analytics report 2 : Thermal Properties Property Thickness Conductivity Solar Properties Value mm W/mK Property Value Solar transmittance Outside solar reflectance Inside solar reflectance Visible Properties Property Value Visible transmittance Outside visible reflectance Inside visible reflectance Infra-Red Properties Property Value Infra-red transmittance Outside infra-red reflectance Inside infra-red reflectance Weather The weather file used is the DRYCOLD.TMY file supplied with the ASHRAE Standard Infiltration The infiltration rate used for all test cases considered is 0.5 a.c./hr unless otherwise stated Internally Generated Heat Internal heat gains generated by lights, occupants, equipment, etc.are set at 200W. Heat gains have no latent content and have a 60% radiant fraction. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 4 17 June 2006
5 2.1.5 Mechanical System The mechanical system for each test case for which heating or cooling is specified has the following properties unless otherwise stated: 100% convective air system Thermostat senses air temperature only No latent load Thermostat is non-proportional Thermostat has dual setpoint with deadband, heating < 20C, cooling > 27C Ground Temperature The soil temperature is a constant 10C. 2.2 Low Mass Test Cases The low mass test case constructions are detailed below: Low Mass Wall Construction (inside to outside) Element k (W/mK) Thickness (m) U (W/m 2 K) R (m 2 K/W) Density (kg/m 3 ) Cp (J/kgK) Int.Surface Coeff Plasterboard Fibreglass Quilt Wood Siding Ext.Surface Coeff Total air-air Total surf-surf Low Mass Floor Construction (inside to outside) Element k (W/mK) Thickness (m) U (W/m 2 K) R (m 2 K/W) Density (kg/m 3 ) Cp (J/kgK) Int.Surface Coeff Timber Flooring Insulation Total air-air Total surf-surf ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 5 17 June 2006
6 Low Mass Roof Construction (inside to outside) Element k (W/mK) Thickness (m) U (W/m 2 K) R (m 2 K/W) Density (kg/m 3 ) Cp (J/kgK) Int.Surface Coeff Plasterboard Fibreglass Quilt Roof Deck Ext.Surface Coeff Total air-air Total surf-surf Low Mass Basic Test Case 600 Test case 600 comprises a single rectangular lightweight zone the dimensions of which are 8m x 6m x 2.7m. The zone is not partitioned and is fitted with two 6 m 2 windows in the south facing wall: ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 6 17 June 2006
7 2.2.2 Low Mass with South Shading Test Case 610 Test case 610 is the same as test case 600 with the addition of a 1m horizontal overhang that runs across the entire length of the south-facing wall at roof level: Low Mass with East-West Window Orientation Test Case 620 Test case 620 is the same as test case 600 except that the south-facing windows are removed and 6m 2 of window area is added to the east and west facades: ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 7 17 June 2006
8 2.2.4 Low Mass with East-West Shading Test Case 630 Test case 630 is the same as test case 620 with the addition of shading overhangs and side fins around the east and west-facing windows. A 1m overhang is located at roof level and extends across the 3m width of each window. A 1m deep side fin is located at the side edges of each window running from the roof level down to the ground: Low Mass with Thermostat Setback Test Case 640 Test case 640 is the same as test case 600 except that the following setpoint schedule is used: hours: heating ON if inside temperature < 10C hours: heating ON if inside temperature < 20C hours: cooling ON if inside temperature > 27C Otherwise heating and cooling is OFF Low Mass with Night Ventilation Test Case 650 Test case 650 is the same as test case 600 except that the following nighttime ventilation schedule and heating/cooling setpoint schedules are used: hours: ventilation fan is ON hours: ventilation fan is OFF hours: heating is OFF hours: cooling ON if inside temperature > 27C, otherwise cooling is OFF cooling is OFF ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 8 17 June 2006
9 The ventilation fan capacity is ac/hr and there is no heat exchange from the fan to the supply air. 2.3 High Mass Test Cases The high mass test case constructions are detailed below: High Mass Wall Construction (inside to outside) Element k (W/mK) Thickness (m) U (W/m 2 K) R (m 2 K/W) Density (kg/m 3 ) Cp (J/kgK) Int.Surface Coeff Concrete Block Foam Insulation Wood Siding Ext.Surface Coeff Total air-air Total surf-surf High Mass Floor Construction (inside to outside) Element k (W/mK) Thickness (m) U (W/m 2 K) R (m 2 K/W) Density (kg/m 3 ) Cp (J/kgK) Int.Surface Coeff Concrete Slab Insulation Total air-air Total surf-surf High Mass Roof Construction (inside to outside) Element k (W/mK) Thickness (m) U (W/m 2 K) R (m 2 K/W) Density (kg/m 3 ) Cp (J/kgK) Int.Surface Coeff Plasterboard Fibreglass Quilt Roof Deck Ext.Surface Coeff Total air-air Total surf-surf High Mass Basic Test Case 900 The basic high mass test case uses the same building model as the low mass basic test case 600 except the construction of the walls and floor are modified to incorporate the higher mass materials. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests 9 17 June 2006
10 2.3.2 High Mass with South Shading Test Case 910 Test case 910 is the same as the low mass test case 610 except for the high mass construction specified for the walls and floor High Mass with East-West Window Orientation Test Case 920 Test case 920 is the same as the low mass test case 620 except for the high mass construction specified for the walls and floor High Mass with East-West Shading Test Case 930 Test case 930 is the same as the low mass test case 630 except for the high mass construction specified for the walls and floor High Mass with Thermostat Setback Test Case 940 Test case 940 is the same as the low mass test case 640 except for the high mass construction specified for the walls and floor High Mass with Night Ventilation Test Case 950 Test case 950 is the same as the low mass test case 650 except for the high mass construction specified for the walls and floor Sunspace Test Case 960 Test case 960 comprises two rectangular zones separated by a common wall. The northern zone is of lightweight construction and the southern zone of heavyweight construction. Common Wall Construction Element k Thickness U R Density Cp (W/mK) (m) (W/m 2 K) (m 2 K/W) (kg/m 3 ) (J/kgK) Common Wall The north zone has the same dimensions and construction as the building model used for test case 600 except that the south-facing wall with windows is replaced with a partition wall adjacent to the south zone. Infiltration to the north zone is 0.5 ac/hr and the internal heat gain is 200 W as specified in Section Control of heating and cooling is the same as that specified for test case 600. The south zone is 2m x 8m x 2.7m. The north wall of the south zone is the common wall and the south wall has two 6m 2 windows that are the same as the windows specified for test case 900 except that the lower edges of the windows are located 0.5m from the ground. Infiltration to the south zone is 0.5 ac/hr. The south zone has no heating or cooling. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
11 2.4 Free Float Test Cases There are four free float test cases incorporating both lightweight and heavyweight constructions Low Mass with Free Floating Temperature Test Case 600FF Test case 600FF is the same as test case 600 except that there is no mechanical heating or cooling Low Mass with Night Ventilation and Free Floating Temperature Test Case 650FF Test case 650FF is the same as test case 650 except that there is no mechanical heating or cooling High Mass with Free Floating Temperature Test Case 900FF Test case 900FF is the same as test case 900 except that there is no mechanical heating or cooling High Mass with Night Ventilation and Free Floating Temperature Test Case 950FF Test case 950FF is the same as test case 950 except that there is no mechanical heating or cooling. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
12 2.5 Modelling Notes Model geometry is defined in DesignBuilder by drawing the external dimensions of a building rather than the internal dimensions of the contained zones and this is accounted for in the specification of the test case geometry. Also, due to the fact that different programs have different input requirements there are some items of data provided by the standard that are not required by DesignBuilder. This section details various modelling considerations that are specific to DesignBuilder in preparation of the test case input data. Some of the input data that is specific to EnergyPlus has been extracted from the GARD Analytics report Geometry DesignBuilder geometry is based on the concept of blocks. A building block represents the outer shell of the model or part of the model and comprises a set of building elements, which includes external walls, roof, and floor slab. A vertically extruded block is created in DesignBuilder by drawing the external perimeter of the outer wall. The resulting internal zone perimeter is the same as the external block perimeter but shrunk by the defined thickness of the external wall. The user-defined block wall thickness only affects the resulting zone dimensions and has no effect on the thermal properties of the walls. The resulting zone upper and lower surfaces correspond identically with the upper and lower block surfaces. For simplicity, in order to arrive at the correct zone geometry for the tests, the wall thickness was set at 0.1m and 0.2m added on to the specified plan zone dimensions. For example, the base test case 600 has the specified dimensions of 8m x 6m x 2.7m and in DesignBuilder the block dimensions are 8.2m x 6.2m x 2.7m Material Specification Materials for walls floors and roofs were specified using the Detailed material description except for floor insulation, which was defined through specification of ground materials using the Resistance option. Both low and high mass test cases incorporate floor constructions that include a thick layer of insulation to effectively decouple the floor from the ground. The ASHRAE standard 1 incorporates this specification in recognition of the fact that the state-of-theart in ground modelling is not good. Ground thermal properties are always included with ground floor constructions in DesignBuilder and are specified as a separate construction. In order to arrive at the floor specifications provided by the standard, the ground construction materials were defined to have the same thermal properties as the insulating layers and then the floor constructions were defined excluding these layers. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
13 2.5.3 HVAC System The Simple HVAC system option was selected from the DesignBuilder Model Options which uses the 100% convective PURCHASED AIR system in EnergyPlus. At the Zone level, the plant capacities were set to 1000kW for both heating and cooling to simulate infinite capacity. System efficiencies (COP) for both heating and cooling were set to Surface heat transfer coefficients EnergyPlus automatically calculates surface heat transfer coefficients. The ASHRAE standard 1 specifies that where a program automatically calculates these coefficients, then they should be derived by the program rather than taken from the standard Calculation Options This section details specifications for the simulation. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
14 a) Convergence The convergence variables were set as follows: Loads Convergence= Temperature Convergence=0.040 b) Solar Distribution In order to calculate the correct solar distribution for the window overhang test cases, the solar distribution option was set to Full interior and exterior. c) Time Steps The number of time steps per hour was set to 4. d) Convection Algorithms The inside and outside convection algorithms were set to Detailed. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
15 2.5.6 Weather The weather file to be used for all test case simulations is provided with the ASHRAE standard 1 in the form of a TMY format file. This file was first translated to the EnergyPlus EPW format using the conversion utility incorporated within DesignBuilder. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
16 3.0 Results and Discussion The test results are presented in Appendix I as tables and in Appendix II in the form of charts. Details of the programs for which results are provided with the ASHRAE standard 1 are given in the table below. Program Developer Implemented by BLAST-3.0 level 193 v1 CERL, U.S. NREL, U.S. Politecnico, Torino, Italy DOE2.ID 14 LANL/LBL, U.S. NREL, U.S. ESP-RV8 Strathclyde University, U.K. De Montfort University, U.K. SERIRES/SUNCODE 5.7 NREL/Ecotope, U.S. NREL, U.S. SERIRES 1.2 NREL, U.S. BRE, U.K. BRE, U.K. S3PAS University of Sevilla, University of Sevilla, Spain Spain TASE Tampere University, Tampere University, Finland Finland TRNSYS 13.1 LANL/LBL U.S. GARD Analytics, U.S. using NREL input files Test results for EnergyPlus have been extracted from the report provided by GARD Analytics 2. EnergyPlus has been developed by the U.S. Department of Energy. One of the main purposes of the tests as applied to DesignBuilder was to check the results from DesignBuilder against the results from EnergyPlus run in standalone mode. For all 67 comparisons comprising annual heating and cooling, peak heating and cooling and free float temperatures, the results from EnergyPlus (standalone) and DesignBuilder are identical. The charts in Appendix II display comparative results for annual heating, annual cooling, peak heating and peak cooling. For the 52 individual comparisons performed, all results for EnergyPlus (standalone) and DesignBuilder are within the range of results from other programs with the following exceptions: Test Output Range from Other Programs EnergyPlus/ DesignBuilder 630 Annual Heating 5.05 to Peak Heating 5.23 to Annual Heating 1.58 to Annual Heating 3.31 to Annual Heating 4.14 to ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
17 For the free floating test cases shown in Appendix III, where an additional 15 comparisons were made, all results for EnergyPlus (standalone) and DesignBuilder are again within the range of results from other programs with the following exceptions: Test Output Range from Other Programs EnergyPlus/ DesignBuilder 600FF Maximum Zone Temperature 64.9 to FF Maximum Zone Temperature 63.2 to FF Minimum Zone Temperature to FF Minimum Zone Temperature to FF Maximum Zone Temperature 48.9 to The charts in Appendix IV display comparative sensitivity of the various programs to changes in building specification including increased mass, different window orientation, windows with and without shading, etc. Sensitivity comparisons indicate a significant difference between EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder results and the other program results for the test cases indicated in the table below. Test Output Range from Other Programs EnergyPlus/ DesignBuilder Peak Heating 1.55 to Annual Cooling to Annual Cooling GARD Analytics 2 has indicated that further testing will be conducted on EnergyPlus to determine the reasons for the difference in results for all test cases showing a departure from the range of other program results. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
18 4.0 Conclusion DesignBuilder Version was used to simulate a number of building test cases specified within the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs. The test cases incorporated both low and high mass constructions, windows of differing orientations, windows with and without external shading, heating with and without night setback, cooling with and without night ventilation and free floating temperature conditions. Annual and peak heating and cooling energy requirements were predicted for thirteen different test cases using DesignBuilder and the results were compared with the results for EnergyPlus Version run in standalone mode together with results from eight other building energy simulation programs. The maxim, minimum and average free-floating temperatures were also compared for four additional test cases. All results for DesignBuilder were found to be identical to the results extracted from the GARD Analytics report 2 for EnergyPlus run in standalone mode. For further information regarding the standalone EnergyPlus tests, interested readers are advised to refer to the GARD Analytics report 2. ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
19 5.0 References 1 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard , Standard Method of Test for the evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs. 2. EnergyPlus Testing with Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard GARD Analytics, February 2006 ASHRAE 140 Envelope Tests June 2006
20 Appendix I Comparison Tables
21 Low Mass Heating and Cooling Test Case Annual Heating (MWh) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -11.5% -11.9% -14.0% -14.8% -9.4% 0.000% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES NO YES YES Annual Cooling (MWh) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % 0.26% -0.71% 2.38% 1.1% -0.07% -2.7% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES YES YES YES Peak Heating (kw) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -2.76% -3.04% -4.8% -5.42% 23.8% 0.000% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES YES NO YES Peak Cooling (kw) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % 3.80% 4.17% -4.7% -4.68% 3.63% 2.87% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES YES YES YES
22 High Mass Heating and Cooling Test Case Annual Heating (MWh) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -27.2% -25.2% -24.7% -1.21% -28.6% -15.2% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES NO NO NO YES YES YES Annual Cooling (MWh) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -5.3% -9.62% 2.88% 2.26% -4.6% 11.1% -7.0% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Peak Heating (kw) Minimum Maximum Average 3, EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -6.0% -6.2% -5.7% -6.0% 8.0% -0.6% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Peak Cooling (kw) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -1.85% 1.44% -4.8% -5.0% -0.15% 4.03% -7.1% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
23 Free Floating Temperature Test Case 600FF 900FF 650FF 950FF 960 Maximum Annual Hourly Temperature (C) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % -3.0% 0.46% -3.4% 2.8% 16.3% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range NO YES NO YES NO Minimum Annual Hourly Temperature (C) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % 1.72% -25.7% 2.21% 4.1% % EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES YES NO NO YES Average Annual Hourly Temperature (C) Minimum Maximum Average EnergyPlus DesignBuilder Difference, % 1.98% 2.75% -1.6% 1.4% 2.5% EnergyPlus/DesignBuilder within Range YES NO YES YES NO
24 Appendix II Heating and Cooling Comparison Charts
25 Low Mass Annual Heating Annual Heating (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
26 Low Mass Annual Cooling Annual Cooling (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
27 Low Mass Peak Heating Peak Heating (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
28 Low Mass Peak Cooling Peak Cooling (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
29 High Mass Annual Heating Annual Heating (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
30 High Mass Annual Cooling Annual Cooling ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
31 High Mass Peak Heating Peak Heating (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
32 High Mass Peak Cooling Peak Cooling (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
33 Appendix III Free Floating Temperature Charts
34 Maximum Free Floating Temperature Maximum Temperature (C) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER FF 900FF 650FF 950FF 960 Test Case
35 Minimum Free Floating Temperature Minimum Temperature (C) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER FF 900FF 650FF 950FF 960 Test Case
36 Average Free Floating Temperature Average Temperature (C) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER FF 900FF 650FF 950FF 960 Test Case
37 Appendix IV Sensitivity Comparison Charts
38 Low Mass Annual Heating (Sensitivity) Difference (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
39 Low Mass Annual Cooling (Sensitivity) Difference (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
40 Low Mass Peak Heating (Sensitivity) Difference (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
41 Low Mass Peak Cooling (Sensitivity) Difference (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
42 High Mass Annual Heating (Sensitivity) Difference (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
43 High Mass Annual Cooling (Sensitivity) Difference (MWhr) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
44 High Mass Peak Heating (Sensitivity) Difference (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
45 High Mass Peak Cooling (Sensitivity) Difference (kw) ESP BLAST DOE2 SRES/SUN SERIRES S3PAS TRNSYS TASE ENERGYPLUS DESIGNBUILDER Test Case
46 Appendix V ANSI/ASHRAE Standard Output Form Modelling Notes
47 STANDARD 140 OUTPUT FORM MODELING NOTES Software: DesignBuilder Version: Simulated Effect: Inside and Outside convection algorithm Optional Settings or Modelling Capabilities: Inside convection algorithm: Outside convection algorithm: 1.Detailed 2. Simple 3. CIBSE 4. Ceiling diffuser 5. Glazed cavity 1. Detailed 2. Simple 3. CIBSE 4. BLAST 5. TARP 6. DOE-2 7. MoWiTT Setting or Capability Used: Inside convection algorithm: Outside convection algorithm: 1.Detailed 1.Detailed Physical Meaning of Option Used: The same detailed calculation method that was used for the GARD Analytics tests for EnergyPlus are used to test DesignBuilder. Simulated Effect: Solar distribution effect Optional Settings or Modelling Capabilities: Solar distribution: 1. Minimal shadowing 2. Full exterior 3. Full interior and exterior Setting or Capability Used:
48 Solar distribution: 3. Full interior and exterior Physical Meaning of Option Used: Full interior and exterior shadow calculations are performed each hour Simulated Effect: Various variables used to describe properties of surfaces Optional Settings or Modelling Capabilities: Thermal Absorptance: 0.0 to 1.0 Solar Absorptance: 0.0 to 1.0 Roughness: Very rough Medium rough Rough Smooth Medium smooth Very smooth Setting or Capability Used: Thermal Absorptance: 0.9 Solar Absorptance: 0.6 Roughness: Rough Physical Meaning of Option Used: Thermal Absorptance: surface property describing ability to absorb incident longwave radiation Solar Absorptance: surface property describing ability to absorb incident solar radiation Roughness: surface roughness Simulated Effect: Simulation time increment Optional Settings or Modelling Capabilities: Number of time steps per hour=whole number between 1 and 60 Setting or Capability Used: Number of time steps per hour=4
49 Physical Meaning of Option Used: The simulation time increment is 15 minutes. Simulated Effect: Window properties for double pane glazing made of standard 3mm clear glass with 13mm air gap. Optional Settings or Modelling Capabilities: EnergyPlus requires window properties for front and back of window surface. Setting or Capability Used: Window properties were described as follows: Thermal Properties Property Thickness Conductivity Solar Properties Value mm W/mK Property Value Solar transmittance Outside solar reflectance Inside solar reflectance Visible Properties Property Value Visible transmittance Outside visible reflectance Inside visible reflectance Infra-Red Properties Property Value Infra-red transmittance Outside infra-red reflectance Inside infra-red reflectance Physical Meaning of Option Used:
50 Description of window properties for double pane clear glass windows for determining solar and conduction heat gain. Simulated Effect: Ground reflectance Optional Settings or Modeling Capabilities: Ground surface solar reflectance=0.0 to 1.0 Setting or Capability Used: Ground surface solar reflectance=0.2 Physical Meaning of Option Used: Property of the ground surface that describes the amount of incident solar radiation that is reflected.
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