Chapter 18 and 19: Viruses and Regulation of Gene Expression
|
|
- Charity York
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Name Period Chapter 18 and 19: Viruses and Regulation of Gene Expression Overview The overview for Chapter 18 and 19 introduces the idea that while all cells of an organism have all genes in the genome, not all genes are expressed in every cell. What regulates gene expression? Gene expression in prokaryotic cells differs from that in eukaryotic cells. How do disruptions in gene regulation lead to cancer? This chapter gives you a look at how genes are expressed and modulated. Concept 18.1 A virus has a genome but can reproduce only within a host cell. 1. What is a capsid? 2. What is the role of an envelope in animal viruses? 3. What property of a virus determines its attachment to a host cell membrane? 4. How does a DNA virus reproduce its genome? 5. How do most RNA viruses replicate their genome? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
2 6. On this figure of a simplified viral reproductive cycle, label arrows to show these processes: transcription, translation, infection, replication, and self-assembly. Annotate your labels to explain the process of viral reproduction. 7. Since cells that have incorporated phage DNA into their genome may continue to divide and propagate the viral genome, this might be considered somewhat like the Trojan horse. What might trigger the switchover from lysogenic to lytic mode? 8. Label the following elements of the figure below: lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, prophage, phage DNA, bacterial chromosome, and self assembly. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
3 9. Describe the lytic and lysogenic modes of bacteriophage reproduction. 10. What is a retrovirus? How do retroviruses, such as HIV, replicate their genome? 11. Here is a sketch of HIV. Label these parts: envelope, reverse transcriptase, RNA, and capsid. 12. This sketch shows the infection of a cell by HIV. Extend label lines to give a complete explanation of the process. Refer to your text Figure 18.8 for details. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
4 Concept 18.4 Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription 13. All genes are not on all the time. Using the metabolic needs of E. coli, explain why not. 14. What are the two main ways of controlling metabolism in bacterial cells? 15. Feedback inhibition is a recurring mechanism throughout biological systems. In the case of E. coli regulating tryptophan synthesis, is it positive or negative inhibition? Explain your choice. 16. What is a promoter? 17. What is the operator? What does it do? 18. What is an operon? 19. List the three components of an operon, and explain the role of each one. 20. How does a repressor protein work? 21. What are regulatory genes? 22. Distinguish between inducible and repressible operons, and describe one example of each type. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
5 23. Label this sketch of the lac operon with the terms at right. Know the function of each structure. Operon genes Operon RNA polymerase mrna 8 Repressor protein Operator Repressor Regulatory gene Inducer 24. Compare and contrast the lac operon and the trp operon. (Remember that compare means to tell how they are similar, and contrast means to tell how they are different. ) 25. What happens when a repressor is bound to the operator? 26. How can both repressible and inducible operons be negative regulators? Concept 19.2 Eukaryotic gene expression can be regulated at any stage 27. Even though all cells of an organism have the same genes, there is differential gene expression. What does this mean? 28. What percentage of the genes of a typical human cell is expressed at any given time? 29. What is the common control point of gene expression for all organisms? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
6 30. Gene expression can be regulated by modifications of the chromatin. Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin as to their structure and activity. 31. What occurs in histone acetylation? How does it affect gene expression? 32. What is DNA methylation? What role may it play in gene expression? 33. Use the sketch below to explain how enhancers and activators interact with transcription factors to affect gene expression. Label the following elements: TATA box, promoter, gene, enhancer, activators, transcription factors, transcription initiation complex, RNA polymerase, and DNA. Then place your explanation to the right of the figure. EXPLANATION Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
7 34. Posttranscriptional control includes regulation of mrna degradation. Explain how this affects translation. Concept 19.3 Cancer results from genetic changes that affect cell cycle control 35. What mechanism is involved in the beginning of tumor growth? Discuss oncogenes and protooncogenes. 36. What are three mechanisms for converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene? 37. There seem to be two categories of genes involved in cancer: oncogenes, which code for proteins to regulate cell growth, and should not be stuck on, much like the accelerator in a car; and tumor-suppressor genes, which work like the brakes on a car and must function! Let s begin with a look at the ras gene, which codes for a G protein and is an oncogene. Label the sketch below to explain how a ras mutation leads to cancer. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
8 38. Tumor-suppressor genes help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. One that is found mutated (and therefore nonfunctional) in more than 50% of human cancer is p53. So important is the p53 gene that it is sometimes called the guardian angel of the genome. Describe the double whammy that results from mutation of p53. Concept 19.4 Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles in controlling gene expression 39. It is now known that much of the RNA that is transcribed is not translated into protein. These RNAs are called noncoding RNAs. Read carefully to discern a crucial role played by these RNAs. What is this role? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
Module 3 Questions. 7. Chemotaxis is an example of signal transduction. Explain, with the use of diagrams.
Module 3 Questions Section 1. Essay and Short Answers. Use diagrams wherever possible 1. With the use of a diagram, provide an overview of the general regulation strategies available to a bacterial cell.
More informationLecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.
Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.au What is Gene Expression & Gene Regulation? 1. Gene Expression
More informationGENE REGULATION. Teacher Packet
AP * BIOLOGY GENE REGULATION Teacher Packet AP* is a trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of this material. Pictures
More informationStructure and Function of DNA
Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four
More informationControl of Gene Expression
Home Gene Regulation Is Necessary? Control of Gene Expression By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection favoring
More informationChapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 18.1. Gene Regulation Is Necessary By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection
More informationComplex multicellular organisms are produced by cells that switch genes on and off during development.
Home Control of Gene Expression Gene Regulation Is Necessary? By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection favoring
More informationGene Switches Teacher Information
STO-143 Gene Switches Teacher Information Summary Kit contains How do bacteria turn on and turn off genes? Students model the action of the lac operon that regulates the expression of genes essential for
More informationGene Transcription in Prokaryotes
Gene Transcription in Prokaryotes Operons: in prokaryotes, genes that encode protein participating in a common pathway are organized together. This group of genes, arranged in tandem, is called an OPERON.
More informationName Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d.
13 Multiple Choice RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter Test A Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following are found in both
More informationAP BIOLOGY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP BIOLOGY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 4 The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells is called the central dogma of biology. (a) Explain the role of each of the following
More informationViruses. Viral components: Capsid. Chapter 10: Viruses. Viral components: Nucleic Acid. Viral components: Envelope
Viruses Chapter 10: Viruses Lecture Exam #3 Wednesday, November 22 nd (This lecture WILL be on Exam #3) Dr. Amy Rogers Office Hours: MW 9-10 AM Too small to see with a light microscope Visible with electron
More informationHow To Understand How Gene Expression Is Regulated
What makes cells different from each other? How do cells respond to information from environment? Regulation of: - Transcription - prokaryotes - eukaryotes - mrna splicing - mrna localisation and translation
More informationAP Biology TEST #5 - Chapters 11-14, 16 - REVIEW SHEET
NAME: AP Biology TEST #5 - Chapters 11-14, 16 - REVIEW SHEET 1. Griffith's experiments showing the transformation of R strain pneumococcus bacteria to S strain pneumococcus bacteria in the presence of
More informationChapter 12: The Cell Cycle
Name Period Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: 1. What are the three key roles of cell division? State each role, and give an example. Key Role Example 2. What is meant by the cell cycle? Concept 12.1
More information1 Mutation and Genetic Change
CHAPTER 14 1 Mutation and Genetic Change SECTION Genes in Action KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is the origin of genetic differences among organisms? What kinds
More informationGenetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism )
Biology 1406 Exam 3 Notes Structure of DNA Ch. 10 Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism ) Proteins
More information13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression
13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression Lesson Objectives Describe gene regulation in prokaryotes. Explain how most eukaryotic genes are regulated. Relate gene regulation to development in multicellular organisms.
More informationActivity 7.21 Transcription factors
Purpose To consolidate understanding of protein synthesis. To explain the role of transcription factors and hormones in switching genes on and off. Play the transcription initiation complex game Regulation
More informationBacterial and Phage Genetic Switches
Bacterial and Phage Genetic Switches Prof. C. J. Dorman Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin. Lecture 1 The genetic switch controlling the lytic-lysogen
More informationVIRUSES. Basic virus structure. Obligate intracellular parasites. Enveloped Viruses. Classification of Viruses. Viruses. Heyer 1
Viruses VIRUSES Viruses are small packages of genes Consist of protein coat around nucleic acids ( or RNA) Viruses measured in nanometers (nm). Require electron microscopy. Obligate intracellular parasites
More informationSample Questions for Exam 3
Sample Questions for Exam 3 1. All of the following occur during prometaphase of mitosis in animal cells except a. the centrioles move toward opposite poles. b. the nucleolus can no longer be seen. c.
More informationQuick Hit Activity Using UIL Science Contests For Formative and Summative Assessments of Pre-AP and AP Biology Students
Quick Hit Activity Using UIL Science Contests For Formative and Summative Assessments of Pre-AP and AP Biology Students Activity Title: Quick Hit Goal of Activity: To perform formative and summative assessments
More informationKEY CONCEPT Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities. binomial nomenclature
Section 17.1: The Linnaean System of Classification Unit 9 Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities. VOCABULARY taxonomy taxon binomial nomenclature genus MAIN
More informationCentral Dogma. Lecture 10. Discussing DNA replication. DNA Replication. DNA mutation and repair. Transcription
Central Dogma transcription translation DNA RNA Protein replication Discussing DNA replication (Nucleus of eukaryote, cytoplasm of prokaryote) Recall Replication is semi-conservative and bidirectional
More informationGene Regulation -- The Lac Operon
Gene Regulation -- The Lac Operon Specific proteins are present in different tissues and some appear only at certain times during development. All cells of a higher organism have the full set of genes:
More informationBiotechnology and Recombinant DNA (Chapter 9) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College
Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA (Chapter 9) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Source for figures and content: Eastern Campus Tortora, G.J. Microbiology
More informationRecombinant DNA and Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Chapter 18 Lecture Objectives What Is Recombinant DNA? How Are New Genes Inserted into Cells? What Sources of DNA Are Used in Cloning? What Other Tools Are Used to Study
More informationBacteria vs. Virus: What s the Difference? Grade 11-12
Bacteria vs. Virus: What s the Difference? Grade 11-12 Subject: Biology Topic: Bacteria, viruses, and the differences between them. The role that water plays in spreading bacteria and viruses, and the
More informationAppendix C DNA Replication & Mitosis
K.Muma Bio 6 Appendix C DNA Replication & Mitosis Study Objectives: Appendix C: DNA replication and Mitosis 1. Describe the structure of DNA and where it is found. 2. Explain complimentary base pairing:
More informationControl of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression What is Gene Expression? Gene expression is the process by which informa9on from a gene is used in the synthesis of a func9onal gene product. What is Gene Expression? Figure
More informationC:\Documents and Settings\George H. Timm\My Documents\Microbiology Sept 08\Micro 260 Notes\Chapter 13 Virus\How do viruses differ.
Virus C:\Documents and Settings\George H. Timm\My Documents\Microbiology Sept 08\Micro 260 Notes\Chapter 13 Virus\How do viruses differ.wpd How do viruses differ? 1) genetic material within a virus a.
More informationLesson 3 Reading Material: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Lesson 3 Reading Material: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Becoming a cancer cell isn t easy One of the fundamental molecular characteristics of cancer is that it does not develop all at once, but
More informationMilestones of bacterial genetic research:
Milestones of bacterial genetic research: 1944 Avery's pneumococcal transformation experiment shows that DNA is the hereditary material 1946 Lederberg & Tatum describes bacterial conjugation using biochemical
More informationGiven these characteristics of life, which of the following objects is considered a living organism? W. X. Y. Z.
Cell Structure and Organization 1. All living things must possess certain characteristics. They are all composed of one or more cells. They can grow, reproduce, and pass their genes on to their offspring.
More informationTransfection-Transfer of non-viral genetic material into eukaryotic cells. Infection/ Transduction- Transfer of viral genetic material into cells.
Transfection Key words: Transient transfection, Stable transfection, transfection methods, vector, plasmid, origin of replication, reporter gene/ protein, cloning site, promoter and enhancer, signal peptide,
More informationThe Making of the Fittest: Evolving Switches, Evolving Bodies
OVERVIEW MODELING THE REGULATORY SWITCHES OF THE PITX1 GENE IN STICKLEBACK FISH This hands-on activity supports the short film, The Making of the Fittest:, and aims to help students understand eukaryotic
More informationControl of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression (Learning Objectives) Explain the role of gene expression is differentiation of function of cells which leads to the emergence of different tissues, organs, and organ systems
More informationMultiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
Name lass Date hapter 12 DN and RN hapter Test Multiple hoice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. Pearson Education, Inc. ll rights reserved.
More informationMUTATION, DNA REPAIR AND CANCER
MUTATION, DNA REPAIR AND CANCER 1 Mutation A heritable change in the genetic material Essential to the continuity of life Source of variation for natural selection New mutations are more likely to be harmful
More informationThe world of non-coding RNA. Espen Enerly
The world of non-coding RNA Espen Enerly ncrna in general Different groups Small RNAs Outline mirnas and sirnas Speculations Common for all ncrna Per def.: never translated Not spurious transcripts Always/often
More informationCHAPTER 6: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY YEAR III PHARM.D DR. V. CHITRA
CHAPTER 6: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY YEAR III PHARM.D DR. V. CHITRA INTRODUCTION DNA : DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid. It is made up of a base consisting of sugar, phosphate and one nitrogen base.the
More information4. DNA replication Pages: 979-984 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C Which one of the following statements about enzymes that interact with DNA is true?
Chapter 25 DNA Metabolism Multiple Choice Questions 1. DNA replication Page: 977 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C The Meselson-Stahl experiment established that: A) DNA polymerase has a crucial role in DNA synthesis.
More informationJust the Facts: A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources
1 of 8 11/7/2004 11:00 AM National Center for Biotechnology Information About NCBI NCBI at a Glance A Science Primer Human Genome Resources Model Organisms Guide Outreach and Education Databases and Tools
More informationChapter 20: Antimicrobial Drugs
Chapter 20: Antimicrobial Drugs 1. Overview of Antimicrobial Drugs 2. Antibacterial Drugs 3. Antiviral Drugs 4. Drugs for Eukaryotic Pathogens 1. Overview of Antimicrobial Drugs Antibiotics An antibiotic
More informationREMOTE CONTROL by DNA as a Bio-sensor -antenna.
REMOTE CONTROL by DNA as a Bio-sensor -antenna. "Piezoelectric quantum transduction is a fundamental property of at- distance induction of genetic control " Paolo Manzelli: pmanzelli@gmail.com ; www.edscuola.it/lre.html;www.egocreanet.it
More informationGenetics 301 Sample Final Examination Spring 2003
Genetics 301 Sample Final Examination Spring 2003 50 Multiple Choice Questions-(Choose the best answer) 1. A cross between two true breeding lines one with dark blue flowers and one with bright white flowers
More informationViral Infection: Receptors
Viral Infection: Receptors Receptors: Identification of receptors has come from expressing the gene for the receptor in a cell to which a virus does not normally bind -OR- By blocking virus attachment
More information7. 2. Regulation of gene expression. Unit 7: Molecular biology and genetics
7. 2 Regulation of gene expression We all start off as one stem cell (a fertilised ovum) that divides to give a ball of cells. These cells then differentiate and become specialised to carry out specific
More informationCompiled and/or written by Amy B. Vento and David R. Gillum
Fact Sheet Describing Recombinant DNA and Elements Utilizing Recombinant DNA Such as Plasmids and Viral Vectors, and the Application of Recombinant DNA Techniques in Molecular Biology Compiled and/or written
More informationGymnázium, Brno, Slovanské nám. 7, WORKBOOK - Biology WORKBOOK. http://agb.gymnaslo.cz
WORKBOOK http://agb.gymnaslo.cz Biology Subject: Teacher: Iva Kubištová Student:.. School year:../ This material was prepared with using http://biologygmh.com/ Topics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Viruses and Bacteria
More informationRequired Text: Tortora, Funke, and Case. Microbiology, An Introduction, 9 th ed. Benjamin Cummings, 2007.
Department of Biology Introduction to Microbiology Biol 132 (3 credit hours) Dr. Kathryn Sutton, Assistant Professor of Biology Spring, 2007 M 9-9:50; CBH Room 203 General Information Office Location CBH
More informationINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE Q5B
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE ICH HARMONISED TRIPARTITE GUIDELINE QUALITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS
More informationProtein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules
Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Mendel and The Idea of Gene What is a Chromosome? A chromosome is a molecule of DNA 50% 50% 1. True 2. False True False Protein
More informationCell Growth and Reproduction Module B, Anchor 1
Cell Growth and Reproduction Module B, Anchor 1 Key Concepts: - The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA. In addition, a larger cell is less efficient in moving nutrients
More informationRNA: Transcription and Processing
8 RNA: Transcription and Processing WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 8-3, why are the arrows for genes 1 and 2 pointing in opposite directions? The arrows for genes 1 and 2 indicate the direction
More informationMutations: 2 general ways to alter DNA. Mutations. What is a mutation? Mutations are rare. Changes in a single DNA base. Change a single DNA base
Mutations Mutations: 2 general ways to alter DNA Change a single DNA base Or entire sections of DNA can move from one place to another What is a mutation? Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Here
More informationCCR Biology - Chapter 8 Practice Test - Summer 2012
Name: Class: Date: CCR Biology - Chapter 8 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What did Hershey and Chase know
More informationStudy Guide for Final Exam All Chapters
Study Guide for Final Exam All Chapters * NOTE: This is just a guide. It is not a comprehensive list of what may be on the test. * Studying tips: For every test, including lab tests and the final exam,
More informationMicro RNAs: potentielle Biomarker für das. Blutspenderscreening
Micro RNAs: potentielle Biomarker für das Blutspenderscreening micrornas - Background Types of RNA -Coding: messenger RNA (mrna) -Non-coding (examples): Ribosomal RNA (rrna) Transfer RNA (trna) Small nuclear
More informationCompartmentalization of the Cell. Objectives. Recommended Reading. Professor Alfred Cuschieri. Department of Anatomy University of Malta
Compartmentalization of the Cell Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta Objectives By the end of this session the student should be able to: 1. Identify the different organelles
More informationRecombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology Dates in the Development of Gene Cloning: 1965 - plasmids 1967 - ligase 1970 - restriction endonucleases 1972 - first experiments in gene splicing 1974 - worldwide moratorium
More informationDNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!!
DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! The Discovery of DNA s Structure Watson and Crick s discovery of DNA s structure was based on almost fifty years of research by other
More informationHow Cancer Begins???????? Chithra Manikandan Nov 2009
Cancer Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the developed world: 1 in 4 deaths are due to cancer 1 in 17 deaths are due to lung cancer Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men Breast cancer
More informationrestriction enzymes 350 Home R. Ward: Spring 2001
restriction enzymes 350 Home Restriction Enzymes (endonucleases): molecular scissors that cut DNA Properties of widely used Type II restriction enzymes: recognize a single sequence of bases in dsdna, usually
More informationAppendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum. Websites and Other Resources
Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum Websites and Other Resources Chapter 1 - The Molecular Basis of Cancer 1. Inside Cancer http://www.insidecancer.org/ From the Dolan DNA Learning Center Cold
More informationRecognition of a host cell Attachment is a specific process
Viruses: The Ultimate Parasites Reading How many childhood diseases can you recall having: mumps, measles, German measles? A generation ago or so ago, these diseases attacked mainly children and were extremely
More informationRNA and Protein Synthesis
Name lass Date RN and Protein Synthesis Information and Heredity Q: How does information fl ow from DN to RN to direct the synthesis of proteins? 13.1 What is RN? WHT I KNOW SMPLE NSWER: RN is a nucleic
More informationBio 102 Practice Problems Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
Bio 102 Practice Problems Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Multiple choice: Unless otherwise directed, circle the one best answer: 1. Which of the following DNA sequences could be the recognition site
More informationEuropean Medicines Agency
European Medicines Agency July 1996 CPMP/ICH/139/95 ICH Topic Q 5 B Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the Expression Construct in Cell Lines Used for Production of r-dna Derived Protein
More informationHonors Biology Course Summary Department: Science
Honors Biology Course Summary Department: Science Semester 1 Learning Objective #1 - Ecology Students will understand how organisms interact with each other and the environment. Target(s) to Meet Learning
More informationThe sequence of bases on the mrna is a code that determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide being synthesized:
Module 3F Protein Synthesis So far in this unit, we have examined: How genes are transmitted from one generation to the next Where genes are located What genes are made of How genes are replicated How
More informationTranslation Study Guide
Translation Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material you have seen presented in the replication unit. In translation, the cell uses the genetic information contained in mrna to
More informationGene Cloning. Reference. T.A. Brown, Gene Cloning, Chapman and Hall. S.B. Primrose, Molecular Biotechnology, Blackwell
Gene Cloning 2004 Seungwook Kim Chem. & Bio. Eng. Reference T.A. Brown, Gene Cloning, Chapman and Hall S.B. Primrose, Molecular Biotechnology, Blackwell Why Gene Cloning is Important? A century ago, Gregor
More informationChem 465 Biochemistry II
Chem 465 Biochemistry II Name: 2 points Multiple choice (4 points apiece): 1. Formation of the ribosomal initiation complex for bacterial protein synthesis does not require: A) EF-Tu. B) formylmethionyl
More informationScottish Qualifications Authority
National Unit specification: general information Unit code: FH2G 12 Superclass: RH Publication date: March 2011 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 01 Summary This Unit is a mandatory Unit
More informationBiological Sciences Initiative. Human Genome
Biological Sciences Initiative HHMI Human Genome Introduction In 2000, researchers from around the world published a draft sequence of the entire genome. 20 labs from 6 countries worked on the sequence.
More informationChapter 14 Lecture Notes: Nucleic Acids
Educational Goals Chapter 14 Lecture Notes: Nucleic Acids 1. Know the three chemical components of a nucleotide: a monosaccharide residue (either ribose or deoxyribose), at least one phosphate group, and
More informationAP Biology Syllabus 2012-2013
n AP Biology, an emphasis is on students making connections between the big ideas within the AP Biology Curriculum Framework. he two main goals of AP Biology are to help students develop a conceptual framework
More informationBasic Principles of Transcription and Translation
The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of
More informationVarious Viral Vectors Necessary for Gene Therapy Delivery Systems. Abstract
Patibandla 1 Yamini Patibandla Dr. Rance LeFebvre COSMOS UC Davis Cluster 7 29 July 2013 Various Viral Vectors Necessary for Gene Therapy Delivery Systems Abstract A leading movement in today s times,
More informationTo be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing
Thursday 8th March COPY LO: To be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing Starter Explain the difference between transcription and translation BATS Describe and explain
More information20.3 Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses
20.3 Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses Lesson Objectives Explain how bacteria cause disease. Explain how viruses cause disease. Define emerging disease and explain why emerging diseases are a threat
More informationCell Division Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
Cell Division Mitosis and the Cell Cycle A Chromosome and Sister Chromatids Key Points About Chromosome Structure A chromosome consists of DNA that is wrapped around proteins (histones) and condensed Each
More informationMICROBIAL GENETICS. Gene Regulation: The Operons
MICROBIAL GENETICS Gene Regulation: The Operons Pradeep Kumar Burma Reader Department of Genetics University of Delhi South Campus Benito Juarez Road New Delhi-110021 E-mail: pburma@hotmail.com 05-May-2006
More informationDNA CLONING. DNA segment has been developed: polymerase chain reaction PCR. Viral DNA-s bacteriophage λ, filamentous bacteriophages
DNA CLONING - What is cloning? The isolation of discrete pieces of DNA from their host organism and their amplification through propagation in the same or a different host More recently an alternitive,
More informationA role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang
A role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang Gung University, Kwei San, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan
More informationName: Date: Period: DNA Unit: DNA Webquest
Name: Date: Period: DNA Unit: DNA Webquest Part 1 History, DNA Structure, DNA Replication DNA History http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/1/concept/index.html Read the text and answer the following questions.
More informationA N OVERVIEW OF GENE EXPRESSION
C H A P T E R E I G H T 8 C o n t r o l o f G e n e E x p r e s s i o n An organism's DNA encodes all of the RNA and protein molecules that are needed to make its cells. Yet a complete description of the
More informationLecture 11 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Lecture 11 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis In this lecture Cell division Chromosomes The cell cycle Mitosis PPMAT Apoptosis What is cell division? Cells divide in order to reproduce themselves The cell cycle
More informationLecture 7 Mitosis & Meiosis
Lecture 7 Mitosis & Meiosis Cell Division Essential for body growth and tissue repair Interphase G 1 phase Primary cell growth phase S phase DNA replication G 2 phase Microtubule synthesis Mitosis Nuclear
More informationThymine = orange Adenine = dark green Guanine = purple Cytosine = yellow Uracil = brown
1 DNA Coloring - Transcription & Translation Transcription RNA, Ribonucleic Acid is very similar to DNA. RNA normally exists as a single strand (and not the double stranded double helix of DNA). It contains
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES ST AUGUSTINE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES COURSE OUTLINE
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES ST AUGUSTINE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES COURSE OUTLINE Course title: Genetics II Course Code: BIOL2165 Credits: 3 Level: TWO Semester:
More informationGene Therapy. The use of DNA as a drug. Edited by Gavin Brooks. BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS (PP) Pharmaceutical Press
Gene Therapy The use of DNA as a drug Edited by Gavin Brooks BPharm, PhD, MRPharmS (PP) Pharmaceutical Press Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv About the editor xvi Contributors xvii An introduction
More informationGuided Notes: Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Guided Notes: Cellular Reproduction When do cells divide? Cells grow and function normally until they become too. Cell size is because increases faster than This means that there is not enough area on
More informationName Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Keystone 1. During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then, DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results
More informationFrom DNA to Protein. Proteins. Chapter 13. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The Path From Genes to Proteins. All proteins consist of polypeptide chains
Proteins From DNA to Protein Chapter 13 All proteins consist of polypeptide chains A linear sequence of amino acids Each chain corresponds to the nucleotide base sequence of a gene The Path From Genes
More informationNO CALCULATORS OR CELL PHONES ALLOWED
Biol 205 Exam 1 TEST FORM A Spring 2008 NAME Fill out both sides of the Scantron Sheet. On Side 2 be sure to indicate that you have TEST FORM A The answers to Part I should be placed on the SCANTRON SHEET.
More informationLECTURE 6 Gene Mutation (Chapter 16.1-16.2)
LECTURE 6 Gene Mutation (Chapter 16.1-16.2) 1 Mutation: A permanent change in the genetic material that can be passed from parent to offspring. Mutant (genotype): An organism whose DNA differs from the
More informationOrganization and Structure of Cells
Organization and Structure of Cells All living things fall into one of the two categories: prokaryotes eukaryotes The distinction is based on whether or not a cell has a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not
More information