Micro RNAs: potentielle Biomarker für das. Blutspenderscreening
|
|
|
- Jonah Hampton
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Micro RNAs: potentielle Biomarker für das Blutspenderscreening
2 micrornas - Background Types of RNA -Coding: messenger RNA (mrna) -Non-coding (examples): Ribosomal RNA (rrna) Transfer RNA (trna) Small nuclear RNA (snrna) Small nucleolar RNA (snorna) Short interfering RNA (sirna) Micro RNA (mirna)
3 micrornas - Background Short, single-stranded, endogenous, non-coding RNAs Found in animals, plants, Originate from capped & polyadenylated full length precursors (pri-mirna) Hairpin precursor ~70 nt (pre-mirna) Mature mirna ~22 nt (mirna) First discovered in 1993 by Victor Ambros at Harvard (lin-4) Now: thousands of microrna molecules:
4 mirna statistics (2010) Total mirna genes in 115 species 10,882 Total number of mirnas known 1,580 Number human mirnas identified 851 Number of human mrna targets 34,788 Each mirna appears to regulate the translation of multiple genes, and many genes appear to be regulated by multiple mirnas
5 The mirna processing pathway - a primary mirna (pri-mirna) transcript is encoded in the cell's DNA and transcribed in the nucleus, - processed by an enzyme Dosha - and exported into the cytoplasm where it is further processed by Dicer. - after strand separation - the mature mirna represses protein production either by blocking translation or causing transcript degradation. Many roads to maturity: microrna biogenesis pathways and their regulation Julia Winter, Stephanie Jung, Sarina Keller, Richard I. Gregory & Sven Diederichs Nature Cell Biology 11, (2009)
6 micrornas -Function mirna regulates post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the target gene Perfect complementarity of binding leads to mrna degradation of the target gene Imperfect pairing inhibits translation of mrna to protein Important in development: embryogenesis and differentiation, regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis Metabolic regulation (mir-375 & insulin secretion)
7 MicroRNAs Commonly Associated with Human Cancer mirnas control cell cycle, cell differentiation and apoptosis by regulating oncogenes and tumor supressor genes mirnas are misexpressed in cancer and are therefore excellent diagnostic/prognostic markers in cancer Some mirnas e.g. mir-155, can cause cancer and oncogenic mirnas may be therapeutic targets in cancer Other mirnas like let-7, may prevent cancer and may be therapeutic molecules themselves. MicroRNAs could augment current cancer therapies.
8 Role of mirnas in Host-Virus Interaction Circumstantial evidence suggests that mirna play a role in the mammalian virus-host interactions by limiting virus replication and viruses may impede RNA silencing pathways as a defense to these attacks. Lecellier, C.H., et. al. A Cellular microrna Mediates Antiviral Defense in Human Cells. Science. 2005; 308:
9 microrna as diagnostic marker Emerging role of micrornas in liver diseases Shashi Bala, Miguel Marcos, Gyongyi Szabo World J Gastroenterol December 7, 2009 Volume 15 Number 45
10 Study Circulating plasma mir-122, mir-155, and mir-16 (HCV-induced), and mir-122, mir-146a, and mir-181a (HBV-induced) were measured by quantitative PCR in seroconversion panels. Synthetic Caenorhabditis elegans mir-238 was spikedin as internal control and for normalization. mirna expression patterns were compared based on cycle threshold values.
11 Reverse Transcription with looped-primer: - stem-loop increase melting temperature - the last 6 nt are specific to the mirna mirna-specific TaqMan MGB probe with nonfluorescent quencher (NFQ)
12
13
14 Conclusions mir-155, -16 (HCV), -146a and 181a have no potential to be used as markers for acute HCV- or HBV-infections Host derived micrornas are less specific than classical infection parameters and may only serve as additional markers for blood donor screening as shown in case of mir-122: - mir-122 is physiologically expressed in healthy subjects; - a test would have to be quantitative to distinguish between infected and non-infected individuals - mir-122 expression is also influenced by liver injury caused by various pathogens or intoxication, resulting in individual differences in mir-122 levels.
15 Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!
The world of non-coding RNA. Espen Enerly
The world of non-coding RNA Espen Enerly ncrna in general Different groups Small RNAs Outline mirnas and sirnas Speculations Common for all ncrna Per def.: never translated Not spurious transcripts Always/often
RNAi Shooting the Messenger!
RNAi Shooting the Messenger! Bronya Keats, Ph.D. Department of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Email: bkeats@lsuhsc.edu RNA interference (RNAi) A mechanism by which
mirnaselect pep-mir Cloning and Expression Vector
Product Data Sheet mirnaselect pep-mir Cloning and Expression Vector CATALOG NUMBER: MIR-EXP-C STORAGE: -80ºC QUANTITY: 2 vectors; each contains 100 µl of bacterial glycerol stock Components 1. mirnaselect
V22: involvement of micrornas in GRNs
What are micrornas? V22: involvement of micrornas in GRNs How can one identify micrornas? What is the function of micrornas? Elisa Izaurralde, MPI Tübingen Huntzinger, Izaurralde, Nat. Rev. Genet. 12,
Five-year relative survival rates. Cancer. Age-adjusted cancer death rates. Proteomic Technologies for Cancer Biomarker Discovery 2010/3/22
Cancer Five-year relative survival rates Basal lamina Underlyig tissue Normal tissue Carcinoma Invasive carcinoma 1 http://www.cancer.org/docroot/home/index.asp 2 Proteomic Technologies for Cancer Biomarker
Functional and Biomedical Aspects of Genome Research
Functional and Biomedical Aspects of Genome Research 20 11 35 Vorlesung SS 04 Bartsch, Jockusch & Schmitt-John Mi. 9:15-10:00, in W7-135 13 Functional RNAs Thomas Schmitt-John micro RNAs small interfering
岑 祥 股 份 有 限 公 司 技 術 專 員 費 軫 尹 20100803
技 術 專 員 費 軫 尹 20100803 Overview of presentation Basic Biology of RNA interference Application of sirna for gene function? How to study mirna? How to deliver sirna and mirna? New prospects on RNAi research
Outline. interfering RNA - What is dat? Brief history of RNA interference. What does it do? How does it work?
Outline Outline interfering RNA - What is dat? Brief history of RNA interference. What does it do? How does it work? What is RNA interference? Recently discovered regulatory level. Genome immune system.
OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation
OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation -Optimal strategies to a successful mirna research project Optimal strategies to a successful mirna research
Name Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d.
13 Multiple Choice RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter Test A Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following are found in both
Outline. MicroRNA Bioinformatics. microrna biogenesis. short non-coding RNAs not considered in this lecture. ! Introduction
Outline MicroRNA Bioinformatics Rickard Sandberg Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Karolinska Institutet! Introduction! microrna target site prediction! Useful resources 2 short non-coding RNAs
Translation Study Guide
Translation Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material you have seen presented in the replication unit. In translation, the cell uses the genetic information contained in mrna to
The Steps. 1. Transcription. 2. Transferal. 3. Translation
Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is simply the "making of proteins." Although the term itself is easy to understand, the multiple steps that a cell in a plant or animal must go through are not. In order
Lezioni Dipartimento di Oncologia Farmacologia Molecolare. RNA interference. Giovanna Damia 29 maggio 2006
Lezioni Dipartimento di Oncologia Farmacologia Molecolare RNA interference Giovanna Damia 29 maggio 2006 RNA INTERFERENCE Sequence-specific gene suppression by dsrnas Gene silencing by dsrna: C. elegans
Basic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes
Basic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes Kun-Mao Chao 1,2,3 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics 2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering 3 Graduate
micrornas Non protein coding, endogenous RNAs of 21-22nt length Evolutionarily conserved
microrna 2 micrornas Non protein coding, endogenous RNAs of 21-22nt length Evolutionarily conserved Regulate gene expression by binding complementary regions at 3 regions of target mrnas Act as negative
Biogenesis, Size and Function of Small RNAs
srnas of Plants Small, Non-coding RNAs of Plants Regulatory RNAs that act through gene silencing Two classes of small RNAs (srnas) o microrna (mirnas) Encoded by genes in the genome o small interfering
Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.
Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.au What is Gene Expression & Gene Regulation? 1. Gene Expression
Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism )
Biology 1406 Exam 3 Notes Structure of DNA Ch. 10 Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism ) Proteins
From DNA to Protein. Proteins. Chapter 13. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The Path From Genes to Proteins. All proteins consist of polypeptide chains
Proteins From DNA to Protein Chapter 13 All proteins consist of polypeptide chains A linear sequence of amino acids Each chain corresponds to the nucleotide base sequence of a gene The Path From Genes
Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules
Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Mendel and The Idea of Gene What is a Chromosome? A chromosome is a molecule of DNA 50% 50% 1. True 2. False True False Protein
A role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang
A role of microrna in the regulation of telomerase? Yuan Ming Yeh, Pei Rong Huang, and Tzu Chien V. Wang Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang Gung University, Kwei San, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan
Functional RNAs; RNA catalysts, mirna,
Functional RNAs; RNA catalysts, mirna, srna, RNAi... RNAs have many functions rrna (ribosomal RNA) trna (transfer RNA) mrna (Messenger RNA) snrna (including snorna) ) (Small nuclear RNA- splicing) Other
RNA & Protein Synthesis
RNA & Protein Synthesis Genes send messages to cellular machinery RNA Plays a major role in process Process has three phases (Genetic) Transcription (Genetic) Translation Protein Synthesis RNA Synthesis
Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis Kit User Manual
User Manual Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis Kit User Manual United States/Canada 800.662.2566 Asia Pacific +1.650.919.7300 Europe +33.(0)1.3904.6880 Japan +81.(0)77.543.6116 Clontech Laboratories, Inc.
13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression
13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression Lesson Objectives Describe gene regulation in prokaryotes. Explain how most eukaryotic genes are regulated. Relate gene regulation to development in multicellular organisms.
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression Possible post-transcriptional controls on gene expression Only a few of these controls are likely to be important for any one gene Mecanismo de processamento
Molecular Genetics. RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis
Molecular Genetics RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis Section 1 RNA AND TRANSCRIPTION Objectives Describe the primary functions of RNA Identify how RNA differs from DNA Describe the structure and
RNA Structure and folding
RNA Structure and folding Overview: The main functional biomolecules in cells are polymers DNA, RNA and proteins For RNA and Proteins, the specific sequence of the polymer dictates its final structure
Essentials of Real Time PCR. About Sequence Detection Chemistries
Essentials of Real Time PCR About Real-Time PCR Assays Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the ability to monitor the progress of the PCR as it occurs (i.e., in real time). Data is therefore collected
Profiling of non-coding RNA classes Gunter Meister
Profiling of non-coding RNA classes Gunter Meister RNA Biology Regensburg University Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Overview Classes of non-coding RNAs Profiling strategies Validation Protein-RNA
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 26 RNA Metabolism
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 26 RNA Metabolism CHAPTER 26 RNA Metabolism Key topics: Transcription: DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA Capping and splicing: RNA processing Overview of RNA Function Ribonucleic
CCR Biology - Chapter 9 Practice Test - Summer 2012
Name: Class: Date: CCR Biology - Chapter 9 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Genetic engineering is possible
Structure and Function of DNA
Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four
Comprehensive mirna Research Technologies
Comprehensive mirna Research Technologies Sample & Assay Technologies QIAGEN solutions for advancing microrna research In the last few years, the identification of microrna (mirna) and the recognition
Control of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression What is Gene Expression? Gene expression is the process by which informa9on from a gene is used in the synthesis of a func9onal gene product. What is Gene Expression? Figure
Viruses and micrornas
Viruses and micrornas Bryan R Cullen The discovery of RNA interference and cellular micrornas (mirnas) has not only affected how biological research is conducted but also revealed an entirely new level
Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Chapter 18 Lecture Objectives What Is Recombinant DNA? How Are New Genes Inserted into Cells? What Sources of DNA Are Used in Cloning? What Other Tools Are Used to Study
DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!!
DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! The Discovery of DNA s Structure Watson and Crick s discovery of DNA s structure was based on almost fifty years of research by other
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 18.1. Gene Regulation Is Necessary By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection
Name Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Keystone 1. During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then, DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results
MicroRNA Mike needs help to degrade all the mrna transcripts! Aaron Arvey ISMB 2010
Target mrna abundance dilutes microrna and sirna activity MicroRNA Mike needs help to degrade all the mrna transcripts! Aaron Arvey ISMB 2010 Target mrna abundance dilutes microrna and sirna activity Erik
Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation
The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of
Transfection-Transfer of non-viral genetic material into eukaryotic cells. Infection/ Transduction- Transfer of viral genetic material into cells.
Transfection Key words: Transient transfection, Stable transfection, transfection methods, vector, plasmid, origin of replication, reporter gene/ protein, cloning site, promoter and enhancer, signal peptide,
Lecture Series 7. From DNA to Protein. Genotype to Phenotype. Reading Assignments. A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides
Lecture Series 7 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype Reading Assignments Read Chapter 7 From DNA to Protein A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides Genes are made up of DNA and are expressed
CHAPTER 40 The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis
CHAPTER 40 The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis Problems: 2,3,6,7,9,13,14,15,18,19,20 Initiation: Locating the start codon. Elongation: Reading the codons (5 3 ) and synthesizing protein amino carboxyl.
Control of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression (Learning Objectives) Explain the role of gene expression is differentiation of function of cells which leads to the emergence of different tissues, organs, and organ systems
Control of Gene Expression
Home Gene Regulation Is Necessary? Control of Gene Expression By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection favoring
ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes
ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes Page 1 of 22 Introduction Indiana students enrolled in Biology I participated in the ISTEP+: Biology I Graduation Examination
DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations. Chapters 12-13.3
DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations Chapters 12-13.3 1A)Identify the components of DNA and explain its role in heredity. DNA s Role in heredity: Contains the genetic information of a cell that can
Biosafety considerations of new dsrna molecules
Biosafety considerations of new dsrna molecules GM-free Europe Conference 2015 May 6-8 Berlin, Germany Dr. Sarah Agapito Current GMOs Plant transformed to produce new protein A G C U G G C A A U G U C
Complex multicellular organisms are produced by cells that switch genes on and off during development.
Home Control of Gene Expression Gene Regulation Is Necessary? By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection favoring
RNA: Transcription and Processing
8 RNA: Transcription and Processing WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 8-3, why are the arrows for genes 1 and 2 pointing in opposite directions? The arrows for genes 1 and 2 indicate the direction
Relative Quantification of mirna Target mrnas by Real-Time qpcr. 1 Introduction. Gene Expression Application Note No. 4
Gene Expression Application Note No. 4 Relative Quantification of mirna Target mrnas by Real-Time qpcr Ute Ernst, Jitao David Zhang, Anja Irsigler, Stefan Wiemann, Ulrich Tschulena Division: Molecular
bitter is de pil Linos Vandekerckhove, MD, PhD
4//24 Current HIV care HIV copies/ ml plasma Viral load Welcome to the Digital droplet PCR age! bitter is de pil Linos Vandekerckhove, MD, PhD Latent HIV reservoir Time at Ghent University Hospital 2 HIV
a. Ribosomal RNA rrna a type ofrna that combines with proteins to form Ribosomes on which polypeptide chains of proteins are assembled
Biology 101 Chapter 14 Name: Fill-in-the-Blanks Which base follows the next in a strand of DNA is referred to. as the base (1) Sequence. The region of DNA that calls for the assembly of specific amino
13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis
13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis Introduction: *A specific sequence of bases in DNA carries the directions for forming a polypeptide, a chain of amino acids (there are 20 different types of amino acid).
To be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing
Thursday 8th March COPY LO: To be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing Starter Explain the difference between transcription and translation BATS Describe and explain
User Manual/Hand book. qpcr mirna Arrays ABM catalog # MA003 (human) and MA004 (mouse)
User Manual/Hand book qpcr mirna Arrays ABM catalog # MA003 (human) and MA004 (mouse) Kit Components Cat. No. MA003...Human Whole Genome mirna qpcr Profiling Kit (-20 C) The following components are sufficient
Transcription and Translation of DNA
Transcription and Translation of DNA Genotype our genetic constitution ( makeup) is determined (controlled) by the sequence of bases in its genes Phenotype determined by the proteins synthesised when genes
MicroRNA formation. 4th International Symposium on Non-Surgical Contraceptive Methods of Pet Population Control
MicroRNA formation mirna s are processed from several precursor stages Mammalian genomes seem to have 100 s of mirna s Nucleotides in positions 2-8 of an mirna are considered the mirna seed 5 Methyl-G
The RNA strategy. RNA as a tool and target in human disease diagnosis and therapy.
The RNA strategy RNA as a tool and target in human disease diagnosis and therapy. The Laboratory of RNA Biology and Biotechnology at the Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO) of the University of Trento,
AP BIOLOGY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP BIOLOGY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 4 The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells is called the central dogma of biology. (a) Explain the role of each of the following
PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS DNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS B 1. One of the functions of DNA is to A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other.
-UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, 2. -Fasteris Co., Plan-les-Ouates. Switzerland, 3. -West Virginia University. Morgantown.
GLOBAL ALTERATION OF MICRORNAS AND TRANSPOSON-DERIVED SMALL RNAS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) DURING COTTON LEAFROLL DWARF POLEROVIRUS (CLRDV) INFECTION Elisson Romanel 1, Tatiane da Franca Silva 1,
micrornas Contents Introduction
micrornas Contents Introduction... 1 Structure and Function of mirnas... 2 Plant mirnas... 4 mirna Biosynthesis... 5 Evolution of mirnas... 6 Conclusions... 9 References and Resources... 9 Introduction
PART 3.3: MicroRNA and Cancer
BIBM 2010 Tutorial: Epigenomics and Cancer PART 3.3: MicroRNA and Cancer Dec 18, 2010 Sun Kim at Indiana University Outline of Part 3.3 Background on microrna Role of microrna in cancer MicroRNA pathway
MatureBayes: A Probabilistic Algorithm for Identifying the Mature mirna within Novel Precursors
MatureBayes: A Probabilistic Algorithm for Identifying the Mature mirna within Novel Precursors Katerina Gkirtzou 1,2, Ioannis Tsamardinos 1,2, Panagiotis Tsakalides 1,2, Panayiota Poirazi 3 * 1 Computer
Transcription: RNA Synthesis, Processing & Modification
Transcription: RNA Synthesis, Processing & Modification 1 Central dogma DNA RNA Protein Reverse transcription 2 Transcription The process of making RNA from DNA Produces all type of RNA mrna, trna, rrna,
From DNA to Protein
Nucleus Control center of the cell contains the genetic library encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in molecules of DNA code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins determines which specific proteins
GENE REGULATION. Teacher Packet
AP * BIOLOGY GENE REGULATION Teacher Packet AP* is a trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of this material. Pictures
Sample Questions for Exam 3
Sample Questions for Exam 3 1. All of the following occur during prometaphase of mitosis in animal cells except a. the centrioles move toward opposite poles. b. the nucleolus can no longer be seen. c.
Central Dogma. Lecture 10. Discussing DNA replication. DNA Replication. DNA mutation and repair. Transcription
Central Dogma transcription translation DNA RNA Protein replication Discussing DNA replication (Nucleus of eukaryote, cytoplasm of prokaryote) Recall Replication is semi-conservative and bidirectional
Identifying microrna targets: computational and biochemical approaches
Identifying microrna targets: computational and biochemical approaches Iddo Ben-Dov Nephrology and Hypertension Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center T. Tuschl A Short History of a Short RNA The intellectual
Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis and SYBR qrt-pcr
User Manual Mir-X mirna First-Strand Synthesis and SYBR qrt-pcr User Manual United States/Canada 800.662.2566 Asia Pacific +1.650.919.7300 Europe +33.(0)1.3904.6880 Japan +81.(0)77.543.6116 Clontech Laboratories,
Answer: 2. Uracil. Answer: 2. hydrogen bonds. Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine are found in both RNA and DNA.
Answer: 2. Uracil Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine are found in both RNA and DNA. Thymine is found only in DNA; Uracil takes its (Thymine) place in RNA molecules. Answer: 2. hydrogen bonds The complementary
1 Mutation and Genetic Change
CHAPTER 14 1 Mutation and Genetic Change SECTION Genes in Action KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is the origin of genetic differences among organisms? What kinds
Dicer Substrate RNAi Design
INTEGRATED DNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Dicer Substrate RNAi Design How to design and order 27-mer Dicer-substrate Duplex RNAs for use as RNA interference reagents The following document provides a summary of
DNA Fingerprinting. Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA
DNA Fingerprinting Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA DNA fingerprinting The name used for the unambiguous identifying technique that takes advantage of differences in DNA sequence
Understanding West Nile Virus Infection
Understanding West Nile Virus Infection The QIAGEN Bioinformatics Solution: Biomedical Genomics Workbench (BXWB) + Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Functional Genomics & Predictive Medicine, May 21-22,
Supplementary Figure 1.
Supplementary Figure 1. (A) MicroRNA 212 enhances IS from pancreatic β-cells. INS-1 832/3 β-cells were transfected with precursors for mirnas 212, 375, or negative control oligonucleotides. 48 hrs after
DNA and the Cell. Version 2.3. English version. ELLS European Learning Laboratory for the Life Sciences
DNA and the Cell Anastasios Koutsos Alexandra Manaia Julia Willingale-Theune Version 2.3 English version ELLS European Learning Laboratory for the Life Sciences Anastasios Koutsos, Alexandra Manaia and
mirnaselect pegp-mir Cloning and Expression Vector
Product Data Sheet mirnaselect pegp-mir Cloning and Expression Vector CATALOG NUMBER: MIR-EXP-GP-C STORAGE: -80ºC QUANTITY: 100 µl of bacterial glycerol stock Components 1. mirnaselect pegp-mir Cloning
The Nucleus: DNA, Chromatin And Chromosomes
The Nucleus: DNA, Chromatin And Chromosomes Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy, University of Malta. Objectives By the end of this unit the student should be able to: 1. List the major structural
How To Understand How Gene Expression Is Regulated
What makes cells different from each other? How do cells respond to information from environment? Regulation of: - Transcription - prokaryotes - eukaryotes - mrna splicing - mrna localisation and translation
School of Nursing. Presented by Yvette Conley, PhD
Presented by Yvette Conley, PhD What we will cover during this webcast: Briefly discuss the approaches introduced in the paper: Genome Sequencing Genome Wide Association Studies Epigenomics Gene Expression
THE ENZYMES. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Biology Institute University of California
VOLUME THIRTY TWO THE ENZYMES Eukaryotic RNases and their Partners in RNA Degradation and Biogenesis, Part B Edited by FENG GUO Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular
Review of AB-Ambion systems for microrna Isolation, Analysis and Regulation
Review of AB-Ambion systems for microrna Isolation, Analysis and Regulation Marjorie JOINER Ingénieur Applications Applied Biosystems France Isabelle KAYSER Ingénieur Commercial Applied Biosystems France
Pathway Analysis : An Introduction
Pathway Analysis : An Introduction Experiments Literature and other KB Data Knowledge Structure in Data through statistics Structure in Knowledge through GO and other Ontologies Gain insight into Data
Activity 7.21 Transcription factors
Purpose To consolidate understanding of protein synthesis. To explain the role of transcription factors and hormones in switching genes on and off. Play the transcription initiation complex game Regulation
Standards, Guidelines and Best Practices for RNA-Seq V1.0 (June 2011) The ENCODE Consortium
Standards, Guidelines and Best Practices for RNA-Seq V1.0 (June 2011) The ENCODE Consortium I. Introduction: Sequence based assays of transcriptomes (RNA-seq) are in wide use because of their favorable
Catalysis by Enzymes. Enzyme A protein that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction.
Catalysis by Enzymes Enzyme A protein that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction. Enzymatic Reaction Specificity Enzyme Cofactors Many enzymes are conjugated proteins that require nonprotein portions
Module 3 Questions. 7. Chemotaxis is an example of signal transduction. Explain, with the use of diagrams.
Module 3 Questions Section 1. Essay and Short Answers. Use diagrams wherever possible 1. With the use of a diagram, provide an overview of the general regulation strategies available to a bacterial cell.
Analytical Study of Hexapod mirnas using Phylogenetic Methods
Analytical Study of Hexapod mirnas using Phylogenetic Methods A.K. Mishra and H.Chandrasekharan Unit of Simulation & Informatics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India akmishra@iari.res.in,
2. The number of different kinds of nucleotides present in any DNA molecule is A) four B) six C) two D) three
Chem 121 Chapter 22. Nucleic Acids 1. Any given nucleotide in a nucleic acid contains A) two bases and a sugar. B) one sugar, two bases and one phosphate. C) two sugars and one phosphate. D) one sugar,
Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of mirna signatures in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of mirna signatures in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Florie Borel 1,2, Pavlina Konstantinova 1, Peter L.M. Jansen 2, 1 Department of Research & Development,
The microrna world: small is mighty
534 The microrna world: small is mighty Peter Nelson 1, Marianthi Kiriakidou 1,2, Anup Sharma 1, Elsa Maniataki 1 and Zissimos Mourelatos 1 1 Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School
Genetics Module B, Anchor 3
Genetics Module B, Anchor 3 Key Concepts: - An individual s characteristics are determines by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. - During gamete formation, the alleles for
Viruses. Viral components: Capsid. Chapter 10: Viruses. Viral components: Nucleic Acid. Viral components: Envelope
Viruses Chapter 10: Viruses Lecture Exam #3 Wednesday, November 22 nd (This lecture WILL be on Exam #3) Dr. Amy Rogers Office Hours: MW 9-10 AM Too small to see with a light microscope Visible with electron
Compartmentalization of the Cell. Objectives. Recommended Reading. Professor Alfred Cuschieri. Department of Anatomy University of Malta
Compartmentalization of the Cell Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta Objectives By the end of this session the student should be able to: 1. Identify the different organelles