Activity Sheet Chapter 6, Lesson 7 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
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1 Activity Sheet Chapter 6, Lesson 7 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Name Date ACTIVITY Question to Investigate Does the temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same in the reaction between baking soda and vinegar? Materials Vinegar in a cup Baking soda in a cup Thermometer 1. Place a thermometer in the vinegar. Read the thermometer and record the temperature on the activity sheet. 2. While the thermometer is in the cup, add all of the baking soda from your cup. 3. Watch the thermometer to observe any change in temperature. Record the temperature after it has stopped changing. 1. Did the temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same when you combined baking soda and vinegar? 2. What is the lowest temperature reached during your group s reaction? 556 Middle School Chemistry Unit 2011 American Chemical Society
2 Question to Investigate Does the temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same in the reaction between baking soda solution and calcium chloride? Materials Baking soda solution in a cup Calcium chloride in a cup Thermometer 1. Place a thermometer in the baking soda solution. Read the thermometer and record the temperature on the activity sheet. 2. While the thermometer is in the cup, add all of the calcium chloride from the cup. 3. Watch the thermometer to observe any change in temperature. Record the temperature when it stops changing. 3. Did the temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same when you combined baking soda solution and calcium chloride? 4. What is the highest temperature reached during your group s reaction? 2011 American Chemical Society Middle School Chemistry Unit 557
3 EXPLAIN IT WITH ATOMS & MOLECULES When the temperature of a chemical reaction decreases, the reaction is called an endothermic reaction. When the temperature of a chemical reaction increases, the reaction is called an exothermic reaction. Vinegar and baking soda reaction C 2 H 4 O 2 NaHCO 3 NaC 2 H 3 O 2 H 2 O CO 2 acetic acid sodium bicarbonate sodium acetate water carbon dioxide 5. Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction? 6. Draw an energy arrow on the reactant side and another on the product side to compare the amount of energy used and released during the reaction. 7. What do the arrows show about the amount of energy required to break the bonds of the reactants compared to the amount of energy released when the products are formed? 558 Middle School Chemistry Unit 2011 American Chemical Society
4 Baking soda solution and calcium chloride reaction CaCl 2 2NaHCO 3 CaCO 3 2NaCl H 2 O CO 2 calcium chloride sodium bicarbonate calcium carbonate sodium chloride water carbon dioxide 8. Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction? Draw an energy arrow on the reactant side and another on the product side to compare the amount of energy used and released during the reaction. What do the arrows show about the amount of energy required to break the bonds of the reactants compared to the amount of energy released when the products were formed? 2011 American Chemical Society Middle School Chemistry Unit 559
5 TAKE IT FURTHER Disposable hand warmers and self-inflating balloons use different chemical reactions to make them work. Both are packaged so that the reactants are kept separate. Once the consumer causes the reactants to combine, the chemical reactions begin. Question to Investigate How can endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions be useful? Materials for Each Group Disposable self-heating hand warmer Self-inflating balloon 1. Open the package the hand warmer is in to begin the chemical reaction. 2. Shake the hand warmer and feel for any temperature change. 3. Activate the self-inflating balloon by either pressing down or stepping on the packet of citric acid to rupture it. 4. Shake the balloon and feel the area on the balloon where the liquid is. 5. Be sure everyone in your group has a chance to feel both the hand-warmer and the self-inflating balloon. 11. Which is an example of an endothermic reaction? Which is an example of an exothermic reaction? 12. For the hand warmer, what can you say about the amount of energy required to break bonds in the reactants compared to the amount of energy that is released when bonds are formed in the products? 13. For the self-inflating balloon, what can you say about the amount of energy required to break bonds in the reactants compared to the amount of energy that is released when bonds are formed in the products? 560 Middle School Chemistry Unit 2011 American Chemical Society
6 EXTRA EXTEND Question to investigate What clues do you observe that a chemical reaction is taking place? Materials for each group Magnesium sulfate solution in cup Sodium carbonate solution in cup Citric acid solution in cup Universal indicator Thermometer Dropper 1. Add 5 drops of universal indicator to the magnesium sulfate solution. 2. Place a thermometer in the cup and record the temperature of the solution. 3. Add 10 ml of sodium carbonate solution. 4. Add 10 ml of citric acid. 14. What clues do you observe that let you know that a chemical reaction is taking place? 15. In this chemical reaction, you may not have noticed a temperature change. Use what you know about energy and the breaking and making of bonds to explain how this can be American Chemical Society Middle School Chemistry Unit 561
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