Name: Period: Date: Bacteria, Viruses (Chapter 18), and Evolution (Chapter 15)

Transcription

1 Name: Period: Date: Bacteria, Viruses (Chapter 18), and Evolution (Chapter 15) Directions: We will review ideas presented prior to break (bacteria and viruses) and look at how scientific discoveries, try to solve problems that arise from bacteria and viruses. Google the CNN article, 60 years after a vaccine, new technology may finally eradicate polio. Read and watch the video. Answer the following questions. 1. What is polio? How does it spread? 2. Why is polio deadly? Explain. 3. How was the cure for polio evolved since its original inception? Detail the years they were implemented and differentiation. 4. How does micro needles address a need? Explain. (It maybe necessary to research the problem the WHO describes as an issue eradicating polio.)

2 The Vaccine Wars Directions: Before we examine ideas of evolution and applied genetics, we will complete our study of bacteria and viruses by looking at the history and debate surrounding Prompt: Vaccines have been touted as one of the most successful advances of modern medicine, yet an increasing number of parents are choosing not to vaccinate their children because of possible side effects. In this video chapter from The Vaccine War, students will examine the debate among public health officials, doctors and parents around vaccine safety and hear differing perspectives on the benefits and risks of vaccination. I will present a short video that looks at the debate to get you started. On your own, search the PBS site, A Very Short History of Vaccines in America. Read the prompt and watch the video. 1. How were immunizations initial perceived? Why? Now visit the PBS site, What Are the Vaccine Exemption Laws in Your State? Read the prompt and watch the video. 2. What is herd immunity? 3. What are the laws that contribute to the controversy surrounding infectious diseases? Why is it problematic? Explain. Now visit the PBS site, Forum: What Do Doctors Think About America s Vaccine War? Read the prompt from 3 expects on vaccine safety. 4. How do fear, vaccine failure, and ethics present themselves in the forum? Explain how each contribute to public perceptions on vaccines and therapeutic drugs. If you are interested in watching the whole video, the Frontline video is called The Vaccine Wars on PBS.

3 Chapter 18 Reading Review Read pages and answer the following questions. 1. A parasite that lives in red blood cells causes the disease called malaria. In recent years, new strains of the parasite have appeared that are resistant to the drugs used to treat the disease. Explain how this could be an example of natural selection. 2. Biologist discovered two squirrel species living on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. They hypothesize that the species evolved from a common ancestor. What observations or experiments could provide evidence for this hypothesis? Natural Selection Lab- PhET Simulation Search phet simulation natural selection lab. Click the link to University of Colorado. Click the run now on the page and to set- up start the lab. Before you run the simulation, answer the following pre- lab questions. Pre- Lab Questions 1. What variables can you influence in this lab? 2. Define what a genetic mutation is. How do genetic mutations happen? How often? 3. What do the terms fitness and adaptation mean? What is the difference between the two? 4. What selection factors might effect an animal population besides the ones used in this lab?

4 Designing The Prompt: In this Lab you will be controlling the mutations and environment of a population of rabbits. Your will create four hypotheses and design an experiment to test each one. Your hypothesis will follow the format where you fill in the (...) with your own ideas and reasons. I hypothesize that (select a rabbit phenotype) rabbits will be (more/ less) likely to survive under (type of selective factor) within the (select type of environment) environment, because... (explain how their trait will help them to survive or not) ***You must make at least one hypothesis for each of the three different types of phenotype mutations*** Hypothesis #1 Hypothesis #2 Hypothesis #3 Hypothesis #4 Directions: 1. For each of the experiments, begin by adding a friend and a mutation. Wait until the F3 generation before adding the selective factor. After adding the selective factor let the simulation run for another 3 or 4 generations. 2. Use the population numbers from the chart to get you numbers for the table, remember you can zoom in and out on the chart to get more accurate reads. 3. Repeat for experiments 2, 3 and 4 DATA: and hypothesis 1 Population

5 and hypothesis 2 Population and hypothesis 3 Population and hypothesis 4 Population

6 Changing the Dominance and Recessive Alleles Directions: Take one of the experiments from the lab. Recreate the same experiment, EXCEPT when you add the mutation EDIT THE GENES by switching the dominant and recessive allele for that trait. Make a hypothesis, fill in the chart again and compare the results to your initial experiment. and hypothesis (Provide a hypothesis for Edit the Genes in the space) Population Post-Lab Questions 1. Based upon your evidence from the simulation what conclusion are you able to make about each of the three different types of phenotypes in rabbits? 2. What happens to animals that cannot compete as well with other animals in the wild? 3. Sometimes animals that are introduced into an area that they never lived in before, out-compete and endanger resident species, why do you think this happens? 4. If only one species is considered the "fittest", why do we still have so many variations among species. Why do some birds have very long pointy beaks, while other birds have short flat beaks? Explain. 5. How do you think diseases can affect natural selection?

7 6. How does this simulation mimic natural selection? In what ways does this simulation fail to represent the process of natural selection? Explain 7. Did switching the alleles for dominant and recessive have any impact on the population of rabbits? If so Why? In nothing changed Why not? 8. Two parent rabbits are both heterozygous for the trait. Create Punnet squares for the original experiment and the new experiment (with the changed alleles). What are the phenotype ratios of the Punnet squares? Does this evidence support your finding? and how? 9. If this new experiment were to run longer would the end result be the same or different from the original experiment?