16) DETRITIVORE: An organism that feeds on detritus or organic waste but leaves some detritus or feces behind.

Transcription

1 16) DETRITIVORE: An organism that feeds on detritus or organic waste but leaves some detritus or feces behind. By consuming dead organic matter they speed up decomposition by increasing the surface area available for bacteria. Examples include millipedes, woodlice, dung flies, many terrestrial worms and burying beetles.

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3 17) NUTRIENTS: substances that provide the nourishment that is essential for growth and the maintenance of life. There are 3 macro (needed in large quantities) and 2 micro + water

4 17) NUTRIENTS: substances that provide the nourishment that is essential for growth and the maintenance of life. There are 3 macro (needed in large quantities) and 2 micro + water

5 18) BIOMASS: (bio = living; mass = matter) the total organic matter in an individual, population, trophic level, or ecosystem. ORGANIC MATTER = Of, relating to, or derived from living organisms Identify some organic matter in this picture

6 19) PHOTOSYNTHESIS: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water. sunlight + water + CO 2 => sugar + O 2 Reactants Products

7 19) PHOTOSYNTHESIS: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water. sunlight + water + CO 2 => sugar + O 2 Reactants Products

8 20) Ecosystem Cycles Matter cycles; Energy flows! Common biogeochemical cycles include: The water cycle, The carbon cycle, The nitrogen cycle, Also oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus

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10 Write 1 question for each chunk of information

11 Write 1 question for each chunk of information

12 Write 1 question for each chunk of information J stands for Joule

13 Producers are autotrophs (auto=self; troph = food).

14 Tertiary (3rd level) consumers feed (mostly) on secondary consumers

15 The trophic level with the most energy = Producer T.L.

16 Some energy obtained by an organism is stored as biomass

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18 1) List six basic functions of life. 3) What do producers do? (The chemical energy is in the molecules that photosynthesis produces) 3) List three types of land producers and three types of aquatic and marine producers. 1) Growth, reproduction, gas exchange, elimination of waste, water and nutrients, responding to the environment. 2) Producers convert light energy into chemical energy. (Carbohydrate) 3) Grasses, shrubs, trees, phytoplankton; sea grasses, kelp;

19 Write 1 question for each chunk of information

20 Summary Step1: answer the essential question: Energy enters the ecosystem when producers convert sunlight into stored energy (sugar). It is passed from one organism to another by organisms consuming other oganisms (eating or dissolving and absorbing). Step 2: answer each question you created for each chunk of information Step 3: End with any past knowledge that you combined with these notes OR any question that you have that the notes did not answer

21 People get energy by burning food. The food doesn t burst into flames (inside our cells) but it provides energy for organisms to do what the need to do.

22 15) calorie: the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C from a standard initial temperature.

23 MEASURING FOOD ENERGY Puff 1 Puff 2 Chip 1 Chip 2 Mass of snack food Water Volume Initial Temperature Final Temperature Temperature Change ΔT calories ΔT x Volume How many calories of heat did the burning cheese puffs transfer to the water? 1) Suggested daily calories for a middle school student is Approximately, how many Cheese puffs per day would be needed to reach 2000 calories?

24 Food calories are measured in kilocalories. A food Calorie = 1000 calories. 160, = 4,705. Why were our measurements quite a bit lower than this? Most of the heat created by the burning cheese puff DID NOT get transferred to the water. (A lot of heat missed the can.) How many Cheese puffs per day would be needed to reach 2000 Calories? 2000 Cal. / 160 Cal. = X 34 = 425

25 Discussion Questions 1. Based on our experiment, do we have evidence that food has energy? 2. Why do people eat food? 3. What do energy drinks and energy bars contain that provide energy to people who consume them? 4. Is water food? 5. Where do people get energy besides food? 6. What units do people use to measure the energy in food? a) calories, b) Calories.

26 What do you think this device is used for? Insulation Air Space Bucket Water Steel container Food Sample Ignition coil

27 Energy in cheese puff versus potato chip On a per gram basis, which snack food has more energy a cheese puff or a potato chip? CLAIM: The potato chip has more energy per gram of mass. EVIDENCE: Our data showed that grams of had calories and grams of had calories. REASONING: The must be made up of nutrients that have higher energy density (more energy per gram of mass) Carbohydrates = 4 Calories per gram Fats = 9 Calories per gram Proteins = 4 Calories per gram

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30 Name Period TROPHIC LEVELS Introduction The levels of a food web are called TROPHIC levels. Energy enters the food web in the form of sugars and other energy-rich chemicals made by the PRODUCERS P. When PRIMARY P CONSUMERS eat producers, the food energy moves to the next trophic level. And so on. The names we have been using for the roles in the ecosystem (for example, producer, consumer, DECOMPOSERS D ) are the names for the trophic levels as well. As you move from producers up through the consumers, each trophic level gets farther from the original energy source, which is usually light from the S. UN Question about energy transfer: If a brine shrimp eats 10 grams of algae in its life before it is eaten by a gull, does the gull get 10 grams of food energy when it eats the brine shrimp? Why or why not? No, the gull would get only about 1gram the other 9 grams were used by the shrimp for life processes such as growing and moving.

31 Mono Lake Food Pyramid Think of one of the mono lake food chains and write the organisms in the correct location of the energy/trophic level pyramid at right. Coyote California Gull Brine Shrimp Planktonic Algae

32 Mono Lake Food Pyramid Think of one of the mono lake food chains and write the organisms in the correct location of the energy/trophic level pyramid at right. BRINE: Seawater, or water with a high salt concentration Coyote California Gull Brine Flies Benthic Algae

33 COYOTE

34 COYOTE

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36 Milkweed-Bug Changes Date Changes and observations

37 Milkweed-Bug Changes Date Changes and observations Record to date and time duration (e.g. 5 minutes). Record location and movement of both the male and female bugs; any feeding or drinking activity; any changes to the habitat since last observation, any new babies? also record any changes you made to the habitat (e.g. adding water). Do not assign human feelings to the bugs do NOT say our bugs are happy to see us the bug is mad and stayed in the same place the entire time.

38 Table of Contents (the TOC) Unit 1, Natural Systems Date Description Pg # 8/25 Class Rules and Expectations 1 9/2 Notes: Simple model of how your mind works 2 9/4 Milkweed Bug Observations 3 9/9 Organizing Food Webs 4 9/18 Understanding energy in food and Energy Pyramids 5 9/25 Photosynthesis, reactants! products 6

39 Can we show that plants use CO2 + H2O + Light for photosynthesis? Elodea (aquatic plant) EXPERIMENTAL Turned from tan to blue CONTROL The chemical indicator did not change Key: C.I is tan when more CO2 is present and is blue when less CO2 is present. SUMMARY: The experiment does show that photosynthesizes use CO2 because

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