Hydrogen and Fuel Cells the EU Perspective

Transcription

1 TEKES Fuel Cell Programme Final Seminar Otaniemi, 3 December 2013 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells the EU Perspective Marc Steen Institute for Energy and Transport Joint Research Centre European Commission

2 Contents EU Energy and Transport Policy Energy policy framework 2030 Alternative Fuels Directive Non-EU efforts Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking FCH at JRC 2

3 EU Energy and Transport Policy by % +20% -20% Two pillars of EU energy and transport policy to reach integrated climate and energy objectives: Legislation Support to technology innovation (Flagship Innovation Union of Europe 2020 strategy, SET-Plan, STT Plan, Eco-Inno Action plan) 3

4 FCH in EU Policy documents role of hydrogen as energy carrier and fuel cells as efficient energy converters to contribute to low carbon EU energy and transport system are recognized by EU policy-makers A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 Energy Roadmap 2050 SET-Plan, Communication Energy Technologies and Innovation Transport White Paper Proposal for Directive Alternative Fuels Infrastructure 4

5 FCH technologies can contribute to EU energy and climate package by 2020 and beyond. In the frame of economic recovery, there is also the target of 20% contribution by industrial sector to EU-GDP (New Industrial Policy). FCH technologies can also contribute to that 20% target. 5

6 interest by EU policy makers Historical Perspective present FCH 2 JU, Streamlining of national efforts 2020 Liaisons legislation HFCV-SGS launched 2009 HPMV type approval Regulation present 2015 HRS: Directive AFI HRS Standards GTR 13 phase 1 GTR 13 phase

7 Energy Policy 7

8 2030 Policy Framework 8

9 H 2 in Energy Policy April

10 Energy Infrastructure Priorities for 2020 and beyond Infrastructure for electricity, gas, oil, CO2 H2 infrastructure not explicitly included, but H2 is enabler 10

11 Clean Power for Transport Package EU committed to significantly reduce its GHG emission at least 80% by 2050 Emissions in road transport may need to be cut by as much as 95% Proposal for Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure Build a competitive and resource efficient transport system Establish long term fuel strategy Remove technical and regulatory barriers Facilitate a single market for alternative fuels vehicles and vessels Associated costs: Electricity = 8 M charging points = 8 B LNG Waterborne =139 refuelling points * 15 M = 2,1 B LNG trucks = 144 refuelling points * 0.4 M = 58 M CNG road = 654 refuelling points * 0.25 M = 164 M Hydrogen = 77 refuelling stations * 1.6 M = 123 M 11

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13 Directive on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Closure of the Missing Link Sustainable Market Infrastructure Common standards RTD Projects Green Car Initiative FCH JU Collaborative research Market incentives Subsidies Fiscal advantages EIB loans Regulatory measures CO2 and pollutants Fuel quality and renewable energy Directives Green procurement 13

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15 Targets hydrogen infrastructure buildup by end 2020 Set out minimum level of infrastructure coverage necessary to: enable cross-border mobility in-between 14 Member States support commercialisation of hydrogen vehicles in the 2020 horizon minimum 77 hydrogen refuelling stations along TEN-T Core Network, with maximum distance 300 km cost = 77 refuelling stations * 1.6 M = 123 M 15

16 HIT Project: Hydrogen Infrastructure for Transport (TEN-T) define optimum strategies to migrate from H2 hotspots in densely populated areas to actual local markets for H2 Refuelling Stations (HRS) and from there to long distance transport and mobility along the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) corridors. develop National Implementation Plans (NIP) for France, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands. Budget: 6,9 M (EU contribution: 50%) Start April 2012 End Dec new_2011eu92130s_final.pdf 16

17 Directive on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Common technical specifications EU-wide by end 2015 COM(2013)18 Annex III Technical specifications 2. Technical specifications for hydrogen refuelling points for motor vehicles 2.1. Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points 2.2. hydrogen purity 2.3. fuelling algorithms and equipment 2.4. Connectors Relevant international standardisation activities ISO TC 197: WG24 on HRS ISO published Dec 2012; harmonized with SAE-J2719 NWIPs for dispenser and components to be launched; new WGs to start late 2013 connector standard ISO based on SAE-J

18 Alternative Fuels Infrastructure 18

19 IEA Hydrogen Roadmap Roadmap outline Introduction Hydrogen in the energy system Vision for Deployment to 2050 Technology development: actions and milestones Policy, regulation, financing: actions and milestones Conclusion: near-term Actions for Stakeholders 19

20 Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking 22 demo 92 R&D 24 X-cutting 20

21 FCH JU main achievements Transport sector : 49 buses, 37 passenger cars, 95 mini cars 13 new refuelling stations FC Bus H 2 consumption halved H 2 cost < 10 /kg Stationary sector : 1000 domestic Combined Heat & Power generators Cost - 50%, efficiency 90%, lifetime up to 8 years Early markets sector : material handling vehicles 19 back up power units The European FCH community : Strong, visible and coherent Consensus strategy (MAIP/AIP) Pre-competitive collaboration 430 participants in 127 projects SME participation 23% 21

22 Coalition Studies preparing for deployment A portfolio of power-trains for Europe, finished H 2 MOB D, UK, F,, ongoing Financing H 2 infrastructure roll-out: Bankability requirements and optimization levers, on-going H 2 MOB Europe, thinking Urban Buses: alternative powertrains for Europe, finished FCH Buses phase 2, starting Commercialisation study for Distributed Generation technologies in Europe, starting Energy Storage portfolio for Europe, starting Electrolyser, ongoing 22

23 FCH JU under Horizon 2020 Two key activity pillars TRANSPORT Road vehicles Non-road mobile vehicles and machinery Refuelling infrastructure Maritime, rail and aviation applications ENERGY Fuel cells for power and combined heat & power generation Hydrogen production and distribution Hydrogen for renewable energy generation (incl. blending in natural gas grid) CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES (e.g. standards, consumer awareness, manufacturing methods, studies) Strategic objective By 2020, fuel cell and hydrogen technologies will be demonstrated as one of the pillars of future European energy and transport systems, making a valued contribution to the transformation to a low carbon economy by Budget of 1.4 billion in Strong industry commitment to contribute inside the programme + through additional investment outside, supporting joint objectives. 23

24 Objectives FCH2JU 1. reduce the production cost of fuel cell systems to be used in transport applications, while increasing their lifetime to levels competitive with conventional technologies 2. increase the electrical efficiency and the durability of the different fuel cells used for power production, while reducing costs, to levels competitive with conventional technologies 3. increase the energy efficiency of production of hydrogen from water electrolysis while reducing capital costs, so that the combination of the hydrogen and the fuel cell system is competitive with the alternatives available in the marketplace 4. demonstrate on a large scale the feasibility of using hydrogen as a competitive energy storage medium for electricity produced from renewable energy sources 24

25 Power-to-gas PtG increased RE share in end use sectors bridging electricity and NG grids Stadtwerke Ingolstadt Beteiligungen GmbH 25

26 JRC JRC s Mission and Role is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Direct research: JRC is the European Commission's in-house science service and the only DG executing direct research; providing science advice to EU policy. Serving society, stimulating innovation, supporting legislation 26

27 JRC support to technology innovation: PNR (1) Partner with EU industry and research institutions industry policy research (2) Harmonise internationally 27

28 PNR on FCH at JRC H2 storage H2 safety reformer fuel cells, stacks PEMFC, SOFC H2 sensors 28

29 Thank you! Joint Research Centre (JRC) Contact: Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation 4 December 2013

30 Back-up slides

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32 Hydrogen in the energy chain (DG ENERGY) 32

33 A European Alternative Fuels Strategy COM(2013)17 (1) Provides a framework including minimum infrastructure common EU standards consumer information (2) Identifies options for the different modes (see next slide): Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Natural Gas and Bio-methane (in the forms of CNG, LNG and GTL), Hydrogen, Electricity, Biofuels (only solution applicable to all modes but availability remains an issue) (3) Guidance on investments and technological development specific technology roadmaps for alternative fuels will be developed in the frame of the Strategic Transport Technology Plan PPPs to be further developed based on experience gained (for H2: FCH-JU)

34 Directive on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Barriers identified for hydrogen as an alternative fuel: High retail cost of vehicles R&I in FCH-JU Lack of infrastructure Proposal for directive AFI Low level of consumer acceptance Proposal for a Directive on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure COM(2013)18 Focus on current obstacles: 1) infrastructure 2) standards Developed in close consultation with Member States and industry Targets unlocking private investment = a probusiness initiative Full freedom given to Member States for implementation EUROPEAN COMMISSION Proposal for a Brussels, COM(2013) 18 final 2013/0012 (COD) DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (Text with EEA relevance) {SWD(2013) 5 final} {SWD(2013) 6 final}

35 Financing H 2 infrastructure roll-out 35

36 Fuel Cell Urban Buses : next steps Objectives Accelerate the commercialization of Fuel Cell city buses in Europe by: Aligning a coalition of private and public stakeholders to allow development of a large scale commercialization project in a first phase, scoping city level Fuel Cell bus business cases + developing national ramp up scenarios in a potential second phase, for whom it may concern, developing city level business cases for buses + detailing national Fuel Cell bus roadmaps and an EU vision for zero emission public bus transport in a potential third phase, for whom it may concern, implementing and funding selected local business cases + agreeing on a required regulatory framework 36

37 Distributed generation technologies in Europe 37

38 Distributed generation technologies in Europe Aims A characterisation of the benefits available from each technology category under a range of future scenarios, both from an environmental and an economic point of view, and their competitive position compared to alternative technologies. A clear and consistent categorisation of the most near-commercial and mass-market fuel cell distributed generation technologies, at different points in time. A detailed assessment of the barriers to full commercial rollout of these target technologies, in terms of: Economic barriers and required cost-volume thresholds, financial support, etc. Technological readiness and improvements required to specific technology areas. Market access and requirements for new business models, customer acquisition routes, etc. End-user/consumer acceptance and any required consumer engagement work. Well-defined and concrete recommendations for next steps towards stimulating the commercialisation of fuel cells in distributed generation, aimed at: European and national policy-makers Specific European and national funding agencies The fuel cell-related R&D community. 38

39 Energy Storage Study: rationale Rationale for the study Description Energy storage technologies can provide value to the European energy system There is a high degree of technological uncertainty - A wide range of storage technologies exist for a variety of applications The current market provides weak signals to governments and investors Enable the deployment of intermittent renewable generation and variable demand Avoid grid reinforcement costs Provide balancing, response and reserve services Batteries, Pumped hydro, CAES, liquid air, hydrogen for industry & transport, hydrogen to gas, flywheels Demand side management, smart grids and other developments can both provide synergies with energy storage and also compete to deliver similar services Weak near term market demand and lack of business models Future role of energy storage is unclear, especially for hydrogen Competition in technology claims due to scarce investments Action is required to create conditions under which energy storage technologies can develop towards commercialisation Clarify the market outlook for energy storage technologies Clarify potential of the different technologies Help ensure the right focus for policy support 39

40 Energy Storage Study: fact based Objectives Fact based comparison of Energy Storage technologies and other options to provide services to the energy system Trajectories of benefits and likely demand for different Energy Storage technologies Insight in impact of market arrangements and regulations Well defined and concrete recommendations for next steps toward stimulating commercialisation of Energy Storage technologies Description A clear breakdown of ES services and products, and requirements for different functionalities and application areas A clear and consistent categorisation of the relevant energy storage technologies. Positioned against each other and alternative options, at different points in time Overview of business models underlying these applications Market potential for different applications and sensitivity analysis, for different markets and at different points in time Overview of current market arrangements and regulations that inhibit the ability of storage technologies to capitalise on all possible value drivers Focal points for policy support, ensuring access to markets and level playing field Focus for funding support to address cost related barriers Most relevant areas for H 2 ES technologies to focus research and development efforts on 40

41 Development of electrolysis in Europe Short duration study on electrolysis (PEM, Alkaline, SOEC, ) State of the art and future trends; RD&D recommendations Small coalition with key stakeholders 41

42 EU Philosophy for RCS: (1) Legislation (directives, regulations) specifies minimum/essential requirements performance, safety, emissions, sustainability,. (2) Legislation should not be prescriptive on technical implementation (3) European standards can be referred to and compliance with standard implies conformity with the legislative essential requirements Technology advances are accounted for through periodical revision of standards global application of technologies: use international standards ISO, IEC scientific basis for standard development and revision through PNR EU provides support to PNR that addresses societal needs: health, safety, sustainability, security, with explicit role for JRC: Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012