ADDRESSING EMERGING MISSILE PROPULSION REQUIREMENTS WITH THE AIR-TURBO-ROCKET
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1 ADDRESSING EMERGING MISSILE PROPULSION REQUIREMENTS WITH THE AIR-TURBO-ROCKET PR /1
2 Business Focus Areas Aerospace Bio-Medical & Life Sciences Defense Aeromechanics - Combustion - Propulsion Space Electronics - Plasma Homeland Security Drug delivery - Bio-Sensors - System Biology - Instruments Materials and Processes Missile Systems - Aircraft Systems - Space Systems - Radiation Effects Human Safety Automotive, Chemical & Power Threat Awareness - Risk Assessment - Sensor Technologies Human Lethality Semiconductors - IC Fabrication - Plasma - Compound Semiconductors - Nano-materials Fuel Cells - Laser Ignition - Climate Control Industrial Equipment PR /2 Specializing in Engineering Simulation, Design and Analysis
3 References Monorotor Turbomachinery for Air-Turbo-Rocket Propulsion, M.E. Thomas, AIAA ; ASME, SAE, and ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, San Diego, CA, 1995 Air-Turbo-Rocket Combustion, M. Thomas and A. Leonard, AIAA , Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, NV, 1995 Air Turbo-Rocket Solid Propellant Development and Testing, M. Ostrander and M. Thomas, AIAA , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Seattle WA, 1997 Customized Turbomachinery for Solid-Propellant Air Turbo Rockets, J.A. Bossard and M.E. Thomas, AIAA , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Seattle, WA, 1997 The Influence of Turbomachinery Characteristics on Air Turbo Rocket Engine Operation, J.A. Bossard and M.E. Thomas, AIAA , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Huntsville, AL, 2000 PR /3
4 References Addressing Emerging Tactical Missile Propulsion Challenges with the Solid Propellant Air-Turbo-Rocket, M.E. Thomas, J.A. Bossard, and M. Ostrander, AIAA , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Huntsville, AL, 2000 Pintle Motor Challenges for Tactical Missiles, M.J. Ostrander, J.L. Bergmans, M.E. Thomas, and Burroughs, AIAA , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Huntsville, AL, 2000 Vehicle Performance Optimization Utilizing the Air Turbo-Ramjet Propulsion System; Methodology and Development and Applications, K. Christensen, Dissertation-University of Missouri-Rolla, 1997 Experimental Evaluation of an Air Turbo Ramjet, J.S. Lilley, S.E. Hecht, B.G. Kirkham, C.A. Eadon, AIAA , AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Indianapolis, IN, 1994 PR /4
5 The Air Turbo Rocket What Is It? ATR - Air Turbo Rocket: A Hybrid Propulsion System Blending the High Thrust of a Rocket with the Fuel Economy of a Turbojet PR /5
6 Performance Tradeoff Off Design Operation Isp Isp Throttle Down Throttle Up Thrust/Airflow Limit is TurboJet High PRt Low PRc High n c n t Large Fuel Efficient Engine Design Point Thrust/ Airflow Limit is Solid Rocket Low PRt High PRc Low n c n t Small Fuel Inefficient Long Range Low Cruise Mach Low Acceleration Fuel Lean Secondary Chamber Fuel Rich Short Range High Cruise Mach High Acceleration Mixture Ratio PR /6
7 Special Attribute Range vs. TOF Makes Range and TOF Constraints with Margin PR /7
8 Technology Status Aerojet AMCOM Prior ATR Demonstrations - Solid (2) - Liquid Bipropellant (1) - Monopropellant (1) CFDRC High-Performance Six-Inch Developed Critical Component Demonstrations Completed - Propellant - Turbomachinery - Throttling Studies on Smaller (3 inch Diameter) and Larger (>> 6 inch Diameter) ATRs Scaled from Current Demonstrator Completed PR /8
9 Engine Demonstrator Hardware Schematic PR /9 Demonstrator Engine
10 Gas Generator/Turbomachinery Matching Critical PR /10
11 Component Testing Solid Propellant Gas Generator Turbomachinery PR /11
12 Throttle Valve No Pressure Balance Pressure Balance Prototype Throttle Valve PR /12
13 Turbomachinery Air Turbo Rocket Compressor Turbine Diffuser Re-Entry Manifold PR /13
14 Combustion Air Turbo Rocket Aerojet AMCOM Air from Compressor Straight Lobe Mixer Turbine Exhaust Air Fuel Air Fuel Air Fuel Air PR /14
15 Swirl Stabilized Combustion Mixing, Particulate Resident Time and Lean Stability Key Focuses Adjustable Primary Zone Expendable Liners Compressor Discharge Air Turbine Exhaust Replaceable Fuel Injector Primary Swirler Main Combustion Chamber Main Combustion Swirler Exhaust Nozzle PR /15
16 Combustor Simulation Co-Swirling Injection Log 10 α Fuel Tube 3D Soot Contour Entrained Soot in Two Strong Recirculation Zones α - Particle Concentration by Volume PR /16
17 PR /17
18 PR /18
19 File Structure PR /19
20 Off-Design Execution PR /20
21 Engine Analysis Software Validation Utilize AMCOM Solid and Monopropellant Test Data PR /21
22 System Software Validation Thrust Isp 1991 AMCOM Test Data PR /22
23 System Software Validation Flow Rate Equilibrium Gas Temp 1991 AMCOM Test Data PR /23
24 Trajectory Analysis Software Output GEMA Graphical User Interface Sample Results Showing Propellant/ Compressor Influences on Vehicle Range PR /24
25 Vehicle/Trajectory Analysis Ground Launched Fire Support (GLFS) Air to Ground (ATG) Low-Cost Cruise Missile Defense (LCCMD) PR /25
26 Ground Launched Fire Support (GLFS) Missile System Features: PR /26 Containerized Packaging Vertical Launch Multi-Mission Capability Rapid Response
27 GFLS ATR Baseline Configuration Same Propulsion Volume as a Pintle Motor Baseline Established Propulsion Volume Results: 2-3 Times the Range of a Baseline Pintle Motor Depending Upon Propellant 30% Increased Cost Over a Conventional SRM Maximum Mission Flexibility PR /27
28 GLFS ATR Fly-Out Results 2 Profiles ATR PM Horizontal Cruise 40 km 13.2 km Boost/Glide 237 km 50 km PR /28
29 GLFS ATR An Alternate Configuration ATR Propulsion Volume Sized to Deliver Pintle Motor Range Increased Available Payload Volume - 36% Increased Available Payload Weight - 19 Pounds Comparable Mission Flexibility to Pintle Motors and Gels PR /29
30 Air-To-Ground (ATG) PR /30
31 ATG ATR Missile Integration Air Launched Missile Integration PR /31
32 ATG ATR Fly-Out Results 3 Profiles 1.5 Minutes Loiter at Mach.6 PR /32
33 ATG ATR Velocity/Range Tradeoff PR /33
34 Cruise Missile Defense Fly-Out Result miles 5-10 miles 50+ miles PR /34
35 Technology Summary Excellent Specific Impulse (2-4 times greater than rocket) Superior Static Air Breathing Specific Thrust ( lbf-s/lbm) Independent Turbine Drive with Deep Throttling Provides Maximum Mission Flexibility Castable Monorotor Turbomachinery, IM Propellants, Tubular Combustor and Simple Feedback Control Minimizes Cost Turboelectric Power for All Missile Seeker, Fin Battery, etc. PR /35
36 Technology Summary There are at least three mission types for which ATR propulsion may be optimum Short and Moderate Range Ground Launched Fire Support Extended Range and Target Acquisition Air-to-Ground Missions Cruise Missile Defense PR /36
37 Conclusions The Air Turbo Rocket has Matured to the Point that it should Receive Serious Consideration in Future Missile System Development Initiatives The ATR Offers the Maximum Mission Flexibility (i.e., increased payload capacity, reduced missile weight, increased range, loiter capability >> pintle motor) The ATR s Low Cost Turbomachinery Allows it to be Cost Competitive with All Other Throttleable Missile Propulsion Systems The Scalability of the ATR will Allow Maximum Growth Potential (i.e., family of munitions,.) PR /37
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