AP World History - RA #12 Pg

Transcription

1 AP World History - RA #12 Pg Essential Question Using specific evidence, analyze similarities and differences in the impact geography and the environment had on the development of both the Olmec and the Chavin civilizations.

2 p. 55

3 I. The Americas A. Around 20,000-13,000 BCE humans migrated to the Americas 1. Become isolated for at least 15,000

4 B. Plant domestication led to settlements in Mesoamerica and the coastal regions of South America 1. Maize (corn) staple crop of the Americas

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6 II. The Olmec ( B.C.) A. Located along the Gulf Coast of Mexico Bay of Campeche 1. Abundant in resources: clay, wood, and salt B. Earliest settlements at San Lorenzo and La Ventana 1. Possibly inter-dependent or rival states 2. Reason for collapse unknown C. Later surpassed by Tres Zapotes 1. Cleared tropical rainforests to build cities, important buildings aligned with the stars 2. Earthen mounds, courtyards, and pyramids were features of Olmec cities

7 3. Cities decorated with massive carved stone heads 4. Ruled by some form of (divine/priestly) kingship a. Connection to jaguar spirit 5. Merchant/artisan class developed overtime

8 D. Religion focused around many nature spirits 1. Spirits of the jaguar, crocodile, sharks, and snakes central to religion. 2. Believed humans had the ability to transform into animals 3. Precise calendar developed around agriculture

9 E. Trade and Commerce 1. Olmec goods traded as far as central Mexico 2. Raw materials from other areas found at Olmec sites a. Economy prospered / cultural diffusion likely b. Artisans carved jade and obsidian

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11 III. The Chavin ( BCE) A. First major urban center in South America B. Developed along rivers on the coastal plain of Peru 1. Relied on seafood and small game for survival 2. Civilization extended into the mountains 3. Capital, Chavin de Huantar, center of trade between the coast and the mountains

12 C. Society structured around religion and military 1. Jaguar spirit central to religion D. Used a clan-based labor system (Mulan example) E. Domestication of llamas 1. Only domesticated animal in the Americas till 1492 F. Metallurgy w/ silver and gold decorative only G. Decline possibly linked to increased warfare

13 RA #12 Essential Question Using specific evidence, analyze similarities and differences in the impact geography and the environment had on the development of both the Olmec and the Chavin civilizations.

14 How to Write a C&C Paragraph. 1. The first sentence of every paragraph is a topic sentence that gives a brief (simplistic) answer to the question. It needs to address only ONE part (similarity or difference) of the question. Both the Olmec and the Chavin benefited from the resource rich geography of the regions in which they developed.

15 How to Write a C&C Paragraph 2. The following sentences need to present factual historical evidence to support the first region in your topic sentence. The Olmecs settled in Mesoamerica, a region that was exceptionally plentiful in resources. The tropical climate allowed for the growing of maize, beans, and squash. Large deposits of clay allowed for development of pottery to store these surpluses. Another natural resource the Olmec found beneficial was obsidian, a volcanic glass that could be sharpened into weapons and tools.

16 How to Write a C&C Paragraph 3. After an appropriate amount of evidence you need to write a transitional sentence. Similar to the Olmecs, the Chavin also developed in a region with a bountiful geography.

17 How to Write a C&C Paragraph 4. Now SHAMPOO. Settling along the west coast of South America, the Chavin relied on fish and mollusks for their food supply. They traded for maize and eventually began to cultivate their own in the interior foothills. Crops of quinoa, potatoes, and tropical fruits were other benefits from settling in this region.

18 How to Write a C&C Paragraph 5. After giving an appropriate amount of evidence for BOTH regions you need to give an analysis (explanation) of HOW or WHY the similarities (or differences) occurred. As early humans transitioned from hunter gatherers, to a sedentary lifestyle they no longer moved with the seasons. As a result, when they settled they looked for regions with an abundant geography that would provide ample food supplies for the duration of an entire year. Both the Olmec and the Chavin settled in these regions to ensure their long term survival based on the lavish resources within each region.

19 How to Write a C&C Paragraph 6. Every Paragraph needs a SYNTHESIS statement that links the topic to another, region, time period, or field of study. The same process occurred in the Levant region of the Middle East. The Phoenicians settled their because the area was rich in murex snails which were used to produced purple die. The geography provided the Phoenicians with a valuable commodity that they were able to trade and gain other valuable resources.

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21 Both the Olmec and the Chavin benefited from the resource rich geography of the regions in which they developed. The Olmecs settled in Mesoamerica, a region that was exceptionally plentiful in resources. The tropical climate allowed for the growing of maize, beans, and squash. Large deposits of clay allowed for development of pottery to store these surpluses. Another natural resource the Olmec found beneficial was obsidian, a volcanic glass that could be sharpened into weapons and tools. Similar to the Olmecs, the Chavin also developed in a region with a bountiful geography. Settling along the west coast of South America, the Chavin relied on fish and mollusks for their food supply. They traded for maize and eventually began to cultivate their own in the interior foothills. Crops of quinoa, potatoes, and tropical fruits were other natural benefits from settling in this region. As early humans transitioned from hunter gatherers, to a sedentary lifestyle they no longer moved with the seasons. As a result, when they settled they looked for regions with an abundant geography that would provide ample food supplies for the duration of an entire year. Both the Olmec and the Chavin settled in these regions to ensure their long term survival based on the lavish resources within each region. The same process occurred in the Levant region of the Middle East. The Phoenicians settled there because the area was rich in murex snails which were used to produced purple die. The geography provided the Phoenicians with a valuable commodity that they were able to trade and gain other valuable resources.