10/26/2012. The Olmec. By Grisel Cano, EdD., and Juan Manuel Galván, ABD Revised Fall The Olmec (1,800 to 100 BCE)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "10/26/2012. The Olmec. By Grisel Cano, EdD., and Juan Manuel Galván, ABD Revised Fall 2012. The Olmec (1,800 to 100 BCE)"

Transcription

1 The Olmec By Grisel Cano, EdD., and Juan Manuel Galván, ABD Revised Fall 2012 The Olmec (1,800 to 100 BCE) 1

2 INTRODUCTION Archaeological Patterns Roots Geographical Regions Art/Architecture Sacred spots Socio political level San Lorenzo Early Preclassic to 1200 BC El Azuzul La Venta BC Juxtlahuaca and Oxtotitlan Tres Zapotes 300 BC The Olmec (1,800 to 100 BCE) Thesis Statement: Like the Mesopotamia en the West, the Olmec are called the Mother Civilization of the Americas. Influenced Maya, Teotihuacan, etc. Between 1800 and 100 B.C. the Olmec held a civilization that extended from the Pacific coast of Guatemala as far as the Panuco River, which Bernal calls the Metropolitan culture. They also established colonies in Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, and the Valley of Mexico. They were the inventors of most if not all of the advanced culture complexes that gave Mesoamerica its character of a true civilization. The Olmec (1,500 to 100 BCE) 2

3 ARCHAELOGICAL PATTERNS Ritual human sacrifice appears c B.C. Trade in obsidian and other goods Hybrid plants The Olmec (1,500 to 100 BCE) By 1200 B.C., Olmec-type objects common throughout Mesoamerica include mainly clay figurines related to the jaguar cult baby face, pretty woman, and hollow figurines all seeming to be the result of the fusion of an Olmec and a local style. It seems feasible that during the years from 1500 to 1200 BCE the jaguar cult was formed in the Olmec world and was then diffused as a religious idea. Building of cities composed of thousands of people. Cities had urban centers with public buildings, drainage systems, and a ball court. Large formal temples built on earthen mounts. Colosal nine feet high stone heads. Ball game (juego de pelota). Ritualized warfare. Today s football, blood sports. ORIGINS Relative late appearance of domesticated plants C BC: Evidence of social hierarchy and cultural elaboration in different parts of Mesoamerica. Culture: Implies an integrated social and political and cultural system. Horizon: For archeologists only implies similar artifacts appearing over a region at about the same time. 1920s. Archeologists identify artifacts as belonging to the Olmec culture. Before that they only identified the Maya in that region. 3

4 ROOTS Olmeca: Nahuatl term which means rubber people, coded by George Vailant who identified a common denominator in their artifacts Considered the oldest Mesoamerican civilization, the mother of all cultures Pioneer Olmec anthropologists are Matthew Stirling, Michael Coe, David Joralemon This culture was unknown to the conquistadors It was the dominant expression of the Early and Middle Formative periods in Mesoameria ( BC) 4

5 Early Olmec Influence Colossal stone heads, first identified in southern Veracruz. Other artifacts identified at San Lorenzo and La Venta. Elites in San Jose Mogote (c BC) and Tlatilco (c BC) seemingly imitated the artistic style of the Olmec. Late 2 nd -Early 1 st Millenia B.C. through Early 1 st Millenia A.D.: a widespread and shared culture of elite display in Mesoamerica: magnetite mirrors from Oaxaca, jade and serpentine from Guatemala, figurines and distinctive fine pottery from Veracruz, etc. Architectural styles, ceramics, ideologies, ceremonies, religion, ceramics, incredibly influential. Shaman Kings with privileged access to the supernatural. 5

6 The Olmec (1,800 to 100 BCE) The Olmec were also the first Mesoamerican empire; they expanded through a combination of military activity, colonization, commerce, and religious diffusion, setting a precedent for future empires in Mesoamerica. City of La Venta. 9,000 inhabitants c. 900 BC. Tres Zapotes,3,000 inhabitants. San Lorenzo, 2,500. Priests, the ruling class (Theocracy). Also called shaman-kings. A chiefdom level of government with an aristocracy Ceremonial centers supported by farmers who provided corvee labor for public projects (drainage, building, etc). The Long Count which implies knowledge of the zero. Hieroglyphic script (writing). RELIGIOUS IDEAS Shamanism had a great influence in the development of Mesoamerican civilizations The Olmecs lived in a nonrational, noncausal monistic relationship between planetary and other celestial bodies with past lives on one hand, and with everyday relationships and events on the other, through correspondences, identities qnd emanations that are metonymically understood. (in Tate, p. 48) The Olmec World 6

7 RELIGION They believed in bloodletting The readings of the calendar Shamanism The Jaguar Symbol of power and authority for Olmec and Maya Often chosen as spirit companion for shamans Thought to possess ability to move between worlds since jaguars are comfortable both in the trees and water, hunted both at night and during the day, and sleep in caves (usually associated with deceased ancestors) Olmec transformation carvings show that shamans most likely believed that transformation into a jaguar was possible Olmec transformation carving The jaguar figure They believed that in the past a woman had copulated with a jaguar. From this union, a race or were jaguars emerged. These figures look childish and are sexless. This concept is a key theme of their civilization 7

8 WERE-JAGUARS 8

9 WERE-JAGUARS 9

10 STONE SCULPTURE FOUND AT THE SUMMIT OF THE SAN MARTIN PAJAPAN VOLCANO 10

11 Colossal Heads Colossal heads between 1.5 and 4 meters tall and weighing from 6 to 40 tons, brought in from more than 50 miles away. Depictions of individual faces, presumably powerful men, rulers. Headdresses indicate they are represented as players in the Mesoamerican ball game. Heads were brought from afar and then buried on the grounds of ceremonial sites. 11

12 COLOSSAL HEADS 12

13 Mesoamerican Ball Game (juego de pelota) Mesoamerican ball game. Substitute for war. Metaphor for religious and mythical belief. A form of ritual of worship. 13

14 14

15 The Wrestler 15

16 TAMOANCHAN (Land of Rain or Mist) In a certain era Which no one can reckon Which no one can remember Where there was a government for a long time GEOGRAPHICAL AREA THE OLMEC HEARTLAND The Coatzacoalcos River tributaries and lagoons bordered with mangroves Very high annual rainfall Rainforest and savannahs covered the architectural remains before this civilization was discovered Subsistence patterns were a mixture of horticultural systems ART/ARCHITECTURE Their art style is very unique. Many jade and serpentine figurines, masks, statuettes and huge stone heads located in Veracruz and Tabasco, have been found The jaguar figure: They believed that in the past a woman had copulated with a jaguar. From this union, a race or were jaguars emerged. These figures look childish and are sexless. This concept is a key theme of their civilization Table top altars Sculpture of individuals Enormous earthen platforms 16

17 RECLINING FIGURES 17

18 FAMILY LIFE? 18

19 ACROBAT SACRED SITES Isolated shrines where the Olmecs conducted ceremonies, such as hills, springs, etc. One of these is El Manati Many objects have been recovered from this area These objects, some painted in red, have been enveloped in leaves which may point out to their use in ceremonies EL MANATI Situated about 10 miles southeast of San Lorenzo and discovered in Water logging in the area preserved some Olmec materials from the early Pre-Classic (1600 to 1200 BC). Ponciano Ortiz from the Univ. of Veracruz found 18 baby-faced wooden figures under 20 inches tall which may date back to 1200 BC, as per radiocarbon methods Also some rubber balls were found. 19

20 LAGUNA DE LOS CERROS Laguna de los Cerros. Contemporary with and probably under the control of San Lorenzo BC. No colossal heads. But there are pyramids, plazas, outline of Mesoamerican cities. Some of the earliest large scale monumental architecture in the New World. EL AZUZUL Occupies a land ridge called Loma del Zapote A natural hill which the Olmecs transformed into an acropolis by building ridges It was abandoned in 900 BC Arranged sculptures in scenes 20

21 Monumental Architecture Monumental architecture made of earth, not stone. But the scale is magnificent and influential, would apply the labor of thousands for substantial periods of time. 21

22 LA VENTA and SAN LORENZO La Venta and San Lorenzo are not large urban centers. They are small ceremonial centers surrounded by a rural population. Probably due to the geography and climate of the area. Ceremonial centers are raised sites surrounded by tropical areas. Olmec farmers grew corn, possibly manioc. Some villages may have exploited the marine resources of the Gulf of Mexico. Relatively small population. Little evidence of the archeological sites. Tropical climates. Very little preservation of archeological evidence. LA VENTA BC The power of San Lorenzo passed to La Venta, Tabasco, becoming one of the greatest sites of Olmec civilization. Located on an island on a swamp near the Tonala River. The major feature is a funerary place a clay mound Beautiful effects were obtained by mixing multi colored clays and making geometric designs Olmec sculptures of deformed, two headed and pathologial humans were found They are considered as the greatest Mesoamerican carvers, especially of jade 22

23 LA VENTA It had numerous earth mounds and plazas The best known feature is the 100 foot high Great Pyramid and Complex A In form, it resembles a volcano, a conical structure with vertical ridges Beneath the mounds and plazas, the Olmecs buried many jade and serpentine figurines and three massive offerings 23

24 24

25 MASSIVE OFFERINGS Massive offering at La Venta: 50 to 200 tons of serpentine brought some 120 miles away. Deliberately buried as soon as they were constructed. Presumably a deliberate destruction of wealth to show the power of the elites. A display of piety and power. 25

26 SAN LORENZO-VERACRUZ From 1500 to about 1200 BC, it could have been the most populated settlement in Mesoamerica. Some of the most magnificent sculptures were built during this time without metal tools using basalt from the volcanic Cerro Cintepec in the Tuxtla Mountains Major discoveries were ten colossal heads up to 9 ft 4 in high which weighed many tons. Also figurines of ball players were found tracing this game to the Olmecs Also large basalt blocks with flat tops with niches were found which could be altars or thrones. 26

27 SAN LORENZO Site discovered by Anthropologist Matthew Stirling. It is the most important site inhabited around 1700 BC perhaps by Mixe- Zoqueans from Soconusco, but by 1500 BC it was Olmec Bones found discovered their diet sources which included mammals, fish, and amphibians. They also grew maize Olmecs constructed 6 artificial terraces, ridges which could have been foundation for palaces SAN LORENZO MONUMENT ALTAR SAN LORENZO COLOSSAL HEADS 27

28 THE RED PALACE The Red Palace at San Lorenzo was a royal residence with a platform substructure, red floors, basalt roof support, steps and drain. OXTOTITLAN Among the most striking works are the rock paintings at Oxtotitlan, a cave near Chilpancingo, southeast of Mexico City. Olmec paintings dated from 900 to 700 BC are still discernible. They express some of their religious beliefs Oxtotitlan Caves, Guerrero 28

29 Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings: Artist's rendition of Mural 1, showing a ruler wearing what has been identified as an owl costume, seated on a throne. 29

30 Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings: An artist's rendition of painting 1-D, showing the outline of a ruler having intercourse with a jaguar. OXTOTITLAN PAINTING Even though they are far from the Olmec sites, rock paintings follow the Olmec style. Picture of a human male having intercourse with a jaguar. This could have been a shrine 30

31 OLMEC MARKET FALL OF THE OLMEC Evidence points out that they may have destroyed their own settlements for different causes, either death of their rulers or attacks from other groups. RECOGNITION Olmec culture is in no sense primitive. It ought rather be called a classical culture, of great refinement, implying centuries of preparation and development, and which significantly influenced later cultures This great culture which we have encountered in ancient levels, is without a doubt the mother of other cultures, such as the Maya, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec and that of El Tajin. Alfonso Caso at the conference of May 1942 sponsored by the Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia held in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas. 31

32 REFERENCES Coe, Michael D. Mexico The Olmec World 32

Olmec Origins: South Mexico vs. Africa

Olmec Origins: South Mexico vs. Africa Olmec Origins: South Mexico vs. Africa Basic Facts: Olmec civilization is now considered to be one of the earliest great civilizations in Mesoamerica. First civilization, not the first people Evidence

More information

a. farmers b. merchants c. priests d. warriors a. the Maya b. the Moche c. the Nazca a. making pottery b. making textiles c.

a. farmers b. merchants c. priests d. warriors a. the Maya b. the Moche c. the Nazca a. making pottery b. making textiles c. Ancient America Chapter 9 Test Form A Part 1: Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the best answer. (4 points each) 1. What geographic feature is common in Mesoamerica s tropical lowlands? a. jungles b.

More information

Introduction to Mesoamerica Lesson Plan

Introduction to Mesoamerica Lesson Plan Introduction to Mesoamerica Lesson Plan Introduction This lesson is an introduction to Mesoamerica and its cultures. We will take a brief look at four of the great civilizations of ancient Mexico and examine

More information

Mayan, Incan, and Aztec Civilizations

Mayan, Incan, and Aztec Civilizations Mayan, Incan, and Aztec Civilizations Author: Michael Kramme, Ph.D. Editors: Mary Dieterich and Sarah M. Anderson Proofreader: Margaret Brown COPYRIGHT 2012 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-658-7

More information

Note Taking Study Guide CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOAMERICA

Note Taking Study Guide CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOAMERICA SECTION 1 Note Taking Study Guide CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOAMERICA Focus Question: What factors encouraged the rise of powerful civilizations in Mesoamerica? A. As you read People Settle in the Americas, complete

More information

Geocultura. La Ciudad de Mexico

Geocultura. La Ciudad de Mexico Geocultura La Ciudad de Mexico 1 Mexico: Background 1325 a.d.: Aztecs built capital city on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco and called it Tenochtitlan When Hernán Cortés invaded in the 1500s, he

More information

Teacher s Guide For. Ancient History: The Maya

Teacher s Guide For. Ancient History: The Maya Teacher s Guide For Ancient History: The Maya For grade 7 - College Programs produced by Centre Communications, Inc. for Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc. Executive Producer William V. Ambrose Teacher's Guide

More information

The Ancient Maya Of Belize

The Ancient Maya Of Belize The Ancient Maya Of Belize By: Jaime J. Awe Ph.D. Copyright: First Edition December, 2005 (Following are excerpts taken from the above publication and do not constitute the book in its entirety. Persons

More information

The Hall of Mexico and Central America

The Hall of Mexico and Central America The Hall of Mexico and Central America Teacher s Guide See inside Panel 2 Introduction 3 Before Coming to the Museum 4 Mesoamericans in History 5-7 At the Museum 7 Related Museum Exhibitions 8 Back in

More information

M-TR11. Magnetic Exploration of the 0lmec Civilization. Sheldon Breiner, Michael D. Coe

M-TR11. Magnetic Exploration of the 0lmec Civilization. Sheldon Breiner, Michael D. Coe M-TR11 Magnetic Exploration of the 0lmec Civilization Sheldon Breiner, Michael D. Coe American Scientist, Sep-Oct 1972, Vol. 60, number 5 [courtesy American Heritage Pub.] Sheldon Breiner, Michael D. Coe

More information

Ancient Greek Arts and Architecture

Ancient Greek Arts and Architecture Ancient Greek Arts and Architecture Ancient Greek Architecture The earliest buildings built in Greece in the New Stone Age are small houses or huts with wooden walls around them for protection. Later bigger

More information

Year 2 History: Ancient Egypt Resource Pack

Year 2 History: Ancient Egypt Resource Pack Year 2 History: Ancient Egypt Resource Pack This pack includes the following lessons: Locating Egypt The River Nile Archeology Hieroglyphics Pharaohs Every effort has been made to seek permission for the

More information

In what ways were the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca advanced for their time?

In what ways were the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca advanced for their time? perform the task In what ways were the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca advanced for their time? Image Credits: Digital Vision/Getty Images You will read: THREE INFORMATIVE ARTICLES Mayan Civilization Aztecs

More information

Mysterious Plaques: Can You Solve the Riddle?

Mysterious Plaques: Can You Solve the Riddle? Mysterious Plaques: Can You Solve the Riddle? People of the Water: The Belle Glade Culture Historical Society of Palm Beach County Mysterious Plaques: Can You Solve the Riddle? Grades 3-5 Student Target:

More information

Chapter 8. The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas OUTLINE. I. Introduction

Chapter 8. The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas OUTLINE. I. Introduction Chapter 8 The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas OUTLINE I. Introduction What took place in the Americas had little connection to the civilizations of Eurasia and Africa, although there were some

More information

CHAPTER ONE: A CONTINENT OF VILLAGES, TO 1500

CHAPTER ONE: A CONTINENT OF VILLAGES, TO 1500 CHAPTER ONE: A CONTINENT OF VILLAGES, TO 1500 SETTLING THE CONTINENT Who Are the Indian People? Migration from Asia Clovis: The First American Technology NEW WAYS OF LIVING ON THE LAND Hunting Traditions

More information

CHAPTER 14 - ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAS

CHAPTER 14 - ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAS CHAPTER 14 - ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAS CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter surveys the development of civilization in the Americas from prehistoric times to the arrival of European explorers in the

More information

Mount Fuji. Grade Level This lesson plan can be adjusted for grades 5-12

Mount Fuji. Grade Level This lesson plan can be adjusted for grades 5-12 Grade Level This lesson plan can be adjusted for grades 5-12 Mount Fuji Purpose The purpose of this lesson is to consider the cultural significance of Mt. Fuji to the Japanese, use it as a tool to consider

More information

Four Early River Valley Civilizations. Egyptian Civilization - Nile River

Four Early River Valley Civilizations. Egyptian Civilization - Nile River Four Early River Valley Civilizations Egyptian Civilization - Nile River Early River Valley Civilizations Egyptian Civilization - Nile River I. GEOGRAPHY A. The Nile Egypt on the Nile 1. Egypt s settlements

More information

art of the Americas before 1300

art of the Americas before 1300 163 CHAPTER thirteen art of the Americas before 1300 13 Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following features was shared by the different cultures of Mesoamerica? A. a common language B. a centralized system

More information

Ancient India Lesson 2

Ancient India Lesson 2 Name: Date: Ancient India Lesson 2 Early Indian Civilization Over 1,000 miles separate the Indus River valley from Iraq, the region once known as Mesopotamia. This distance did not keep people from traveling

More information

Ancient China. Vocabulary. 15. Terracotta Army collection of seven thousand life-sized sculptures made from pottery in the tomb of Shi Huangdi

Ancient China. Vocabulary. 15. Terracotta Army collection of seven thousand life-sized sculptures made from pottery in the tomb of Shi Huangdi Ancient China 1. Analects the collected sayings and teachings of Confucius 2. Bronze Age (3300 1200 B.C.) time when people made weapons and tools from bronze 3. calligraphy artistic form of ancient Chinese

More information

Lesson 2 Life in Ancient Egypt

Lesson 2 Life in Ancient Egypt Lesson 2 Life in Ancient Egypt MAIN IDEAS Economics Egyptians developed a complex society with many different jobs and social roles. Science and Technology Egyptians made advances in calendars, geometry,

More information

Field Report: Caere Project 2015

Field Report: Caere Project 2015 Bryn Critz Schockmel Boston University History of Art and Architecture Field Report: Caere Project 2015 This summer I had the pleasure of participating in the Caere Project, led by Professor Fabio Colivicchi

More information

Entire course compliment Art History (ARTH)

Entire course compliment Art History (ARTH) Entire course compliment Art History (ARTH) Not every course is offered every year. For details of current offerings, consult the departmental website at http://www.ahva.ubc.ca/coursearthdisplay.cfm. Students

More information

THE MAYAN GODS AND GODDESSES

THE MAYAN GODS AND GODDESSES THE MAYAS MAYAN RELIGION Religion was very important in a Mayans life. The Mayans worshipped many different gods. Each day, month, city, and job had its own special god or goddess! The Mayans had a variety

More information

Unit 2 Lesson 4 Early Human Migration and Stone Age Tools

Unit 2 Lesson 4 Early Human Migration and Stone Age Tools Unit 2 Lesson 4 Early Human Migration and Stone Age Tools Daily Warm-up True/False Read the False statements below. Replace each underlined word with one from the word bank that makes each sentence True.

More information

~ Paper Maché Alebrijes ~ Whimsical Animals

~ Paper Maché Alebrijes ~ Whimsical Animals ~ Paper Maché Alebrijes ~ Whimsical Animals Objectives Gain appreciation of the folk arts of Mexico Develop problem solving skills in designing an animal - and constructing armature Develop skills in paper

More information

The Explorers The Ancient Civilizations of Mexico: The Maya and the Aztec Teacher s Guide

The Explorers The Ancient Civilizations of Mexico: The Maya and the Aztec Teacher s Guide The Explorers The Ancient Civilizations of Mexico: The Maya and the Aztec Grade Level: 6 8 Curriculum Focus: Social Studies Lesson Duration: 3 class periods Program Description The Ancient Civilizations

More information

6 th Grade Vocabulary-ALL CAMPUSES

6 th Grade Vocabulary-ALL CAMPUSES 6 th Grade Vocabulary-ALL CAMPUSES 6.1 History. The student understands that historical events influence contemporary events. (B) analyze the historical background of the United States to evaluate relationships

More information

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MAYA Anthropology 189.10 The George Washington University Fall 2010

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MAYA Anthropology 189.10 The George Washington University Fall 2010 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MAYA Anthropology 189.10 The George Washington University Fall 2010 Monday Wednesday: 2:20 3:35pm Funger Hall #210 Professor: Linda A. Brown Email: labrown@gwu.edu Office: 2112 G

More information

NATURAL REGIONS OF KENTUCKY

NATURAL REGIONS OF KENTUCKY NATURAL WONDERS As you travel around Kentucky taking pictures, you are excited by what you see. Kentucky offers diverse and amazing sights. The Six Regions In the West, you see the Mississippi River, the

More information

MAYA CIVILIZATION - OVERVIEW

MAYA CIVILIZATION - OVERVIEW MAYA CIVILIZATION - OVERVIEW HOUSEHOLD: Just as they did in ancient times, modern Maya villagers live in household units or compounds occupied by extended families. Each extended family is made up of a

More information

Houses of Prehistoric Ohio

Houses of Prehistoric Ohio Houses of Prehistoric Ohio Many different people have lived in Ohio over the past 13,000 years. The people that lived in the area we now call Ohio before the European explorers first visited left behind

More information

Egypt and China. Ancient Worlds: VMFA Resources

Egypt and China. Ancient Worlds: VMFA Resources VMFA Resources Ancient Worlds: Pre- and Post-Visit Activities VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS Egypt and China Grade 2 Based on images of two works of art from VMFA s collection, these activities will provide

More information

The Rise of Civilizations

The Rise of Civilizations Page 1 of 6 The Rise of Civilizations Thousands of years ago, several societies in different parts of the world changed from hunting and gathering to farming. Some began to produce surpluses of food. Those

More information

The Aztecs AD 900-1521

The Aztecs AD 900-1521 The Aztecs AD 900-1521 The Aztec empire is often the first thing people think of when they talk about Mexico. It conjures up images of huge pyramids, brightly coloured costumes, and a brave people who

More information

Life and Death Overtime: Sacred Play of the Ancient Mesoamerican Rubber Ball Game

Life and Death Overtime: Sacred Play of the Ancient Mesoamerican Rubber Ball Game Life and Death Overtime: Sacred Play of the Ancient Mesoamerican Rubber Ball Game Joshua D. Reichard, D.Phil. American Academy of Religion Midwest Region 2009 INTRODUCTION In the low-lying tropical forests

More information

Woolooware High School YEAR 7 EGYPT HOMEWORK NAME: CLASS: TEACHER: HOMEWORK #

Woolooware High School YEAR 7 EGYPT HOMEWORK NAME: CLASS: TEACHER: HOMEWORK # Woolooware High School YEAR 7 EGYPT HOMEWORK NAME: CLASS: TEACHER: HOMEWORK # H0MEWORK # I THE RIVER NILE The river Nile is one of the world's great rivers. It begins its long journey in Africa, as two

More information

Teacher s Guide For. Ancient History: Ancient Pueblo People: The Anasazi

Teacher s Guide For. Ancient History: Ancient Pueblo People: The Anasazi Teacher s Guide For Ancient History: Ancient Pueblo People: The Anasazi For grade 7 - College Programs produced by Centre Communications, Inc. for Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc. Executive Producer William

More information

Shapes & Symbols. Shape is an element of art. There are two kinds of shapes, geometric and organic.

Shapes & Symbols. Shape is an element of art. There are two kinds of shapes, geometric and organic. Notes 10/6 Name: Period: Date: Shapes & Symbols Shape is an element of art. There are two kinds of shapes, geometric and organic. Geometric Shapes Geometric shapes are shapes that have names. These are

More information

The Aztecs. Stone seated figure of Xochipilli Aztec, Mexico AD 1325-1521. Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2

The Aztecs. Stone seated figure of Xochipilli Aztec, Mexico AD 1325-1521. Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 The Aztecs Stone seated figure of Xochipilli Aztec, Mexico AD 1325-1521 Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 Contents Before your visit Background information Resources Gallery information Preliminary

More information

What the Ancients Knew The Egyptians Teacher s Guide

What the Ancients Knew The Egyptians Teacher s Guide What the Ancients Knew The Egyptians Grade Level: 6 8 Curriculum Focus: Social Studies Lesson Duration: 5 class periods Program Description What the Ancients Knew: The Egyptians The earliest Egyptians

More information

Native People in Early Virginia

Native People in Early Virginia Name: Date: Native People in Early Virginia When the Jamestown settlers arrived in Virginia in 1607, there were already thousands of Native Americans, or First Americans, living on the land they called

More information

Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica

Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica This is an extract from: Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica David C. Grove and Rosemary A. Joyce, Editors Published by Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. 1999 Dumbarton

More information

Period #1: Technological and Environmental Transformations, c. 8,000 B.C.E. - 600 B.C.E. Study Guide by Key Concepts

Period #1: Technological and Environmental Transformations, c. 8,000 B.C.E. - 600 B.C.E. Study Guide by Key Concepts Note: the question numbers are my own customization, and do NOT reflect official College Board designation. Ask yourself the question in the left column. Your answer should come close to the middle column.

More information

A-H 106 RENAISSANCE THROUGH MODERN ART. (3) Historical development of Western art and architecture from the fourteenth century through the present.

A-H 106 RENAISSANCE THROUGH MODERN ART. (3) Historical development of Western art and architecture from the fourteenth century through the present. # 101 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIES. (3) The course introduces students to the concepts and techniques of visual literacy. It explores a full spectrum of man-made visual forms encountered by contemporary

More information

STANDARD 3.1 Greece & Rome. STANDARD 3.2 - Mali

STANDARD 3.1 Greece & Rome. STANDARD 3.2 - Mali 2008 Curriculum Framework Grade Three Social Studies Standards Condensed format created by SOLpass. www.solpass.org Key: red text highlights NEW (2008 revision) content; crossout indicates content cut

More information

Tikal, in northern Guatemala, is the largest and perhaps oldest Mayan city. It spread over fifty square miles. Tikal s population may have reached

Tikal, in northern Guatemala, is the largest and perhaps oldest Mayan city. It spread over fifty square miles. Tikal s population may have reached THE MAYANS The Mayan culture spread throughout southern Mexico and Central America. It included the Yucatan Peninsula to the northas well as the modern countries of Honduras, Belize, El Salvador,and Guatemala

More information

Government of Ancient Egypt Question Packet

Government of Ancient Egypt Question Packet Government of Ancient Egypt Question Packet Your group will research Ancient Egyptian culture focusing on the Government of Ancient Egypt. Assign jobs to group members. Everyone must have a job. Research

More information

ART OF THE AMERICAS AFTER 1300

ART OF THE AMERICAS AFTER 1300 ART OF THE AMERICAS AFTER 1300 AZTECS Tenochtitlan and the Codex Mendoza The Great Pyramid Religious Sculpture: iconography and style Featherwork INCAS Masonry techniques Machu Picchu: city-sanctuary Textiles:

More information

7 WHERE AND WHY DID THE FIRST CITIES APPEAR?

7 WHERE AND WHY DID THE FIRST CITIES APPEAR? 7 WHERE AND WHY DID THE FIRST CITIES APPEAR? In this three-part video David Christian explains how the rise of agriculture led to the formation of the world s first large-scale civilizations. Fueled by

More information

2. The chinampas of the Amerindians in central Mexico was a(n) A) weapon. B) religion. C) human sacrifice. D) temple. E) agricultural technique.

2. The chinampas of the Amerindians in central Mexico was a(n) A) weapon. B) religion. C) human sacrifice. D) temple. E) agricultural technique. Name: Date: NOTE: You will enter these answers on the scantron provided to you for the test. You will be given another scantron in class Monday so you can enter your answers on that form Monday night.

More information

The Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution The archaeologist took out his small brush and carefully removed the remaining dirt from the fragment of human skull. To help him reconstruct the life of the ancient human, he

More information

Reading: The Diverse Cultures of Ancient Egypt / Mummy Portrait 1

Reading: The Diverse Cultures of Ancient Egypt / Mummy Portrait 1 Contents PRE-VISIT ACTIVITIES Reading: The Diverse Cultures of Ancient Egypt / Mummy Portrait 1 Portrait Mask 2 Dionysos 3 Questions from the Reading Passage 4 VISIT ACTIVITIES Worksheet 1 5 Worksheet

More information

West Africa: Bantu Migration and the Stainless Society

West Africa: Bantu Migration and the Stainless Society West Africa: Bantu Migration and the Stainless Society Bantu Migration Around 1500 BCE farmers of the Niger and Benue River valleys in West Africa began migrating south and east, bringing with them their

More information

CHINA OVERVIEW: A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINESE DYNASTIES. Student Handouts, Inc.

CHINA OVERVIEW: A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINESE DYNASTIES. Student Handouts, Inc. CHINA OVERVIEW: A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINESE DYNASTIES Student Handouts, Inc. GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA Larger than the United States Climate varies North Temperate and cold South Subtropical Erosion Floods and

More information

Monuments and Landmarks Classroom Activity

Monuments and Landmarks Classroom Activity Monuments (and Landmarks) Classroom Activity The Classroom Activity introduces students to the context of a performance task, so they are not disadvantaged in demonstrating the skills the task intends

More information

Egyptian Pyramids Lesson Plan. Central Historical Question: Did slaves build the Great Pyramid at Giza?

Egyptian Pyramids Lesson Plan. Central Historical Question: Did slaves build the Great Pyramid at Giza? Egyptian Pyramids Lesson Plan Central Historical Question: Did slaves build the Great Pyramid at Giza? Materials: Introductory PowerPoint Copies of Documents A-E Guiding Questions Graphic Organizer Plan

More information

THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION. Drin Krasniqi Art Grubi Nderim Xhemajli Njomza Beqiri Enxhi Abazi Fatos Dobroshi Lis Berishaj

THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION. Drin Krasniqi Art Grubi Nderim Xhemajli Njomza Beqiri Enxhi Abazi Fatos Dobroshi Lis Berishaj THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION Drin Krasniqi Art Grubi Nderim Xhemajli Njomza Beqiri Enxhi Abazi Fatos Dobroshi Lis Berishaj The history The Maya civilization was a very old culture in Mesoamerica. It is famous

More information

eb.com/>. eastern Africa, history of. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. May 27,

eb.com/>. eastern Africa, history of. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. May 27, Daily Life in Aksum Aksum was a powerful and wealthy ancient kingdom. Located in East Africa, it was very influential between A.D. 50 and 600. During this time, goods from all over the ancient world were

More information

Unit 01 - Study Questions 1. In what ways did geography and climate affect the development of human society? 2. What were the economic and social

Unit 01 - Study Questions 1. In what ways did geography and climate affect the development of human society? 2. What were the economic and social Unit 01 - Study Questions 1. In what ways did geography and climate affect the development of human society? 2. What were the economic and social results of the agricultural revolution? 3. What are the

More information

Mary Murphy Slide Collection

Mary Murphy Slide Collection North & Central America México, Baja California Sur: Cabo San Lucas Tour PC Cabo San Lucas. Feb. 18, 1992 PC-342 North & Central America México, Baja California Sur: Cabo San Lucas Tour PC Cabo San Lucas.

More information

Kansas Board of Regents Precollege Curriculum Courses Approved for University Admissions

Kansas Board of Regents Precollege Curriculum Courses Approved for University Admissions Kansas Board of Regents Precollege Curriculum Courses Approved for University Admissions Original Publication April 6, 2011 Revision Dates June 13, 2011 May 23, 2012 Kansas Board of Regents Precollege

More information

ORIGINAL CULTURE OF PASO DE LA AMADA, CREATOR OF THE MESOAMERICAN BALLGAME CULTURA DE PASO DE LA AMADA, CREADORA DEL JUEGO DE PELOTA MESOAMERICANO

ORIGINAL CULTURE OF PASO DE LA AMADA, CREATOR OF THE MESOAMERICAN BALLGAME CULTURA DE PASO DE LA AMADA, CREADORA DEL JUEGO DE PELOTA MESOAMERICANO Rodríguez-López, J.; Vicente-Pedraz, M. y Mañas-Bastida, A. Cultura de paso de la amada, creadora del juego de pelota mesoamericano / Culture of paso de la amada, creator of mesoamerican ballgame. Revista

More information

SOUTH AMERICA CONTENTS. What s in This Book... 2. Section 1: South America in the World... 3. Section 2: Political Divisions of South America...

SOUTH AMERICA CONTENTS. What s in This Book... 2. Section 1: South America in the World... 3. Section 2: Political Divisions of South America... SOUTH CONTENTS What s in This Book 2 Section 1: 3 Section 2: Political Divisions of 1 Section 3: Physical Features of 41 Section 4: Valuable Resources of 67 Section : n Culture 89 Section 6: Assessment

More information

Cultural Tour. Global Partners in Education, Seventh Conference Universidad Regiomontana 14-17 MAY 2014

Cultural Tour. Global Partners in Education, Seventh Conference Universidad Regiomontana 14-17 MAY 2014 , Global Partners in Education, Seventh Conference Universidad Regiomontana 14-17 MAY 2014 The EXPERIENCIE/ Zacatecas & more We would like the present you the Cultural tour to ZACATECAS, the journey will

More information

Pre-Columbian Art at Dumbarton Oaks, No. 2 OLMEC ART AT DUMBARTON OAKS

Pre-Columbian Art at Dumbarton Oaks, No. 2 OLMEC ART AT DUMBARTON OAKS Pre-Columbian Art at Dumbarton Oaks, No. 2 OLMEC ART AT DUMBARTON OAKS OLMEC ART AT DUMBARTON OAKS Karl A. Taube Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. Copyright 2004 by Dumbarton

More information

History Grade 5: Term 1 2016 Topic: The first farmers in Southern Africa

History Grade 5: Term 1 2016 Topic: The first farmers in Southern Africa Page 1 of 10 History Grade 5: Term 1 2016 Topic: The first farmers in Southern Africa Contents: Unit 1: Timelines. Where the first farmers settled. The Iron Age. Unit 2: The first farmers meet the San

More information

Foundations of Technology, Third Edition / Technology, Engineering, and Design

Foundations of Technology, Third Edition / Technology, Engineering, and Design Presentation 2.2.1 The Big Idea Technology is in a constant state of change as humans continue to improve and innovate old technologies for new applications. Need to Know When did technology begin? What

More information

TRANSFER EASTER ISLAND AIRPORT/ HOTEL HALF DAY TOUR TO ORONGO ** EASTER ISLAND. Meet & greet at the airport and transfer to the hotel.

TRANSFER EASTER ISLAND AIRPORT/ HOTEL HALF DAY TOUR TO ORONGO ** EASTER ISLAND. Meet & greet at the airport and transfer to the hotel. ** EASTER ISLAND DAY 01 TRANSFER EASTER ISLAND AIRPORT/ HOTEL Meet & greet at the airport and transfer to the hotel. HALF DAY TOUR TO ORONGO Departure from your hotel at Easter Island, to visit the Ana

More information

Rainforest Concern Module 2 Why do we need rainforests?

Rainforest Concern Module 2 Why do we need rainforests? Rainforest Concern Module 2 Why do we need rainforests? Rainforest Concern Module 2: Why do we need Rainforest? Before we go any further, there are some words you may not understand, and these words and

More information

CAMBODIA. 5D4N Best of Cambodia

CAMBODIA. 5D4N Best of Cambodia CAMBODIA 5D4N Best of Cambodia (Phnom Penh / Siem Reap) S5PNH/S5REP-MH Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia of incredible beauty, with famous breathtaking temples, fertile plains dotted with rice fields,

More information

B1 certification. March 2016. Reading and Writing

B1 certification. March 2016. Reading and Writing B1 certification March 2016 B1 certification March 2016 Reading and Writing You have 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete both parts. Please keep your eyes on your exam only. Copying or cheating will result

More information

MAYAN CODE Mayan Math

MAYAN CODE Mayan Math BREAKING THE MAYAN CODE Mayan Math If you found a book full of lines, dots, and mysterious-looking pictures, how would you begin to figure out what it meant? That was the problem facing archaeologists

More information

Ancient Greece: the Nereid Tomb

Ancient Greece: the Nereid Tomb Ancient Greece: the Nereid Tomb Relief from the Nereid Tomb showing warriors storming a city Lycia, Turkey 390-380 BC Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 Contents Before your visit Background information

More information

Subject Area: World History Standard: Understands major global trends from 1000 to 1500 CE

Subject Area: World History Standard: Understands major global trends from 1000 to 1500 CE #3567 THE AZTECS Grade Levels: 9-12 25 minutes AMBROSE VIDEO PUBLISHING 1998 1 Student Activity Sheet DESCRIPTION Aztec civilization flourished in Mexico for three centuries before Cortez and his Spanish

More information

Juego de pelota Lesson Plan

Juego de pelota Lesson Plan Juego de pelota Lesson Plan Introduction What are the origins of the various types of ball games that maintain such an important place in our society today? In this lesson we take a closer look at the

More information

Jamestown Settlement Family Gallery Guide From Africa to Virginia

Jamestown Settlement Family Gallery Guide From Africa to Virginia Jamestown Settlement Family Gallery Guide From Africa to Virginia Not long after the English settled Jamestown in 1607, the first Africans were brought to Virginia. They arrived in 1619 from the Kongo/Angola

More information

Jainism Jainism also began in India; religion teaches ahimsa nonviolence - Jains believe all living things have souls and should not be hurt

Jainism Jainism also began in India; religion teaches ahimsa nonviolence - Jains believe all living things have souls and should not be hurt Lesson 3 Buddhism and India s Golden Age MAIN IDEAS Belief System A teacher called the Buddha developed a new religion that focused on helping people to escape suffering. Government The Maurya rulers united

More information

ORIGIN OF THE ARYANS. Argument Against Aryan Migration to the Indian Suncontinent BY K.J. SHARMA

ORIGIN OF THE ARYANS. Argument Against Aryan Migration to the Indian Suncontinent BY K.J. SHARMA ORIGIN OF THE ARYANS Argument Against Aryan Migration to the Indian Suncontinent BY K.J. SHARMA Aryan in English is derived from the Sanskrit language, "Ārya" Ārya" " meaning noble, civilized or "honorable.

More information

Chapter 18 Introduction to. A f r i c a

Chapter 18 Introduction to. A f r i c a Chapter 18 Introduction to A f r i c a Ch. 18:1 Landforms & Resources 1. Africa s shape & landforms are the result of its location in the southern part of the ancient supercontinent of. Pangaea Over thousands

More information

Egyptian History 101 By Vickie Chao

Egyptian History 101 By Vickie Chao Egyptian History 101 By Vickie Chao 1 A long time ago, before Egypt was a united country, there were two kingdoms -- Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Upper Egypt was in the south. It controlled the areas along

More information

Villahermosa. Convention Venues. Population Villahermosa has 2,000,000 inhabitants.

Villahermosa. Convention Venues. Population Villahermosa has 2,000,000 inhabitants. Villahermosa Location Villahermosa is situated to the southeast of México in the state de Tabasco, near the Gulf of México, 477 miles from México City. On the east it borders with Guatemala and the state

More information

Webquest: The Dog of Pompeii by Louis Untermeyer

Webquest: The Dog of Pompeii by Louis Untermeyer Name Date Webquest: The Dog of Pompeii by Louis Untermeyer http://www.history.com/topics/ancient history/pompeii Watch the 2 minute video. Pay special attention to where Pompeii is and where Vesuvius is

More information

Dragon Legend in Chinese Art Motifs (Jade, Bronze, Porcelain, and Folk Arts) Chinese Culture and Society Series

Dragon Legend in Chinese Art Motifs (Jade, Bronze, Porcelain, and Folk Arts) Chinese Culture and Society Series 1 Dragon Legend in Chinese Art Motifs (Jade, Bronze, Porcelain, and Folk Arts) Chinese Culture and Society Series Phylis Lan Lin, PhD Associate Vice President for International Partnerships University

More information

SOCIAL STUDIES UNIT OUTLINES - SIXTH GRADE

SOCIAL STUDIES UNIT OUTLINES - SIXTH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES UNIT OUTLINES - SIXTH GRADE In sixth grade, students are ready to deepen their understanding of the Earth and its peoples through the study of history, geography, politics, culture, and

More information

Georgia Historical Society 501 Whitaker Street Savannah, GA 31401

Georgia Historical Society 501 Whitaker Street Savannah, GA 31401 SAVANNAH-CHATHAM COUNTY HISTORIC SITE AND MONUMENT COMMISSION HISTORICAL MARKER RECOMMENDATION PETITIONER: FILE No.: LOCATION: Christy Crisp Georgia Historical Society 501 Whitaker Street Savannah, GA

More information

Online Publications: Museum Reviews

Online Publications: Museum Reviews AJA Online Publications: Museum Reviews Seeing Power: Masterpieces of Early Classic Maya High Culture By ROSEMARY A. JOYCE Issue 110.2 (April 2006) American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review

More information

Día de (los) Muertos A Tradition Through the Ages

Día de (los) Muertos A Tradition Through the Ages Día de (los) Muertos A Tradition Through the Ages Overview Welcome and Introductions The celebration's origins Catholic influence after the conquest How it is celebrated today Efforts to keep it alive

More information

The Mesoamerican ball game was a complicated, dangerous game that

The Mesoamerican ball game was a complicated, dangerous game that The Mesoamerican ball game was a complicated, dangerous game that symbolized the battle between life and death, and can be traced to many cultures as far back as 3,000 years ago. Not only was it symbolizing

More information

Trade and Tribute: Empires in the Americas

Trade and Tribute: Empires in the Americas READING 1 Candice Goucher, Charles LeGuin, and Linda Walton, In the Balance: Themes in Global History (Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998), selections from chapter 6, Trade, Transport, Temples, and Tribute: The

More information

12-002159-PA Savannah Gardens Public Art Project

12-002159-PA Savannah Gardens Public Art Project SAVANNAH-CHATHAM COUNTY HISTORIC SITE AND MONUMENT COMMISSION PART 1: THEME AND LOCATION PART 2: DESIGN AND FUNDING PUBLIC ART RECOMMENDATION PETITIONER: FILE No.: LOCATION: 915 Waters Avenue Savannah,

More information

Fry Phrases Set 1. TeacherHelpForParents.com help for all areas of your child s education

Fry Phrases Set 1. TeacherHelpForParents.com help for all areas of your child s education Set 1 The people Write it down By the water Who will make it? You and I What will they do? He called me. We had their dog. What did they say? When would you go? No way A number of people One or two How

More information

PUSD High Frequency Word List

PUSD High Frequency Word List PUSD High Frequency Word List For Reading and Spelling Grades K-5 High Frequency or instant words are important because: 1. You can t read a sentence or a paragraph without knowing at least the most common.

More information

Egypt Lesson Plan 2: Tombs and the Afterlife

Egypt Lesson Plan 2: Tombs and the Afterlife Egypt Lesson Plan 2: Tombs and the Afterlife Introduction: This lesson focuses on the concept of the afterlife and the importance of pleasing the gods and goddesses, the significance of tombs and tomb

More information

painting the NATIVE WORLD Life, Land, and Animals VA L E R I E K. VERZUH A N T O N I O R. C H AVA R R I A

painting the NATIVE WORLD Life, Land, and Animals VA L E R I E K. VERZUH A N T O N I O R. C H AVA R R I A painting the NATIVE WORLD VA L E R I E K. VERZUH NativeWorld.Prosp.final.indd 1 T Life, Land, and Animals A N T O N I O R. C H AVA R R I A 3/5/09 3:44 PM Calvin Tyndall, Omaha Omaha Buffalo Hunt, 1934

More information

Janelle Lynch: Los Jardines de México

Janelle Lynch: Los Jardines de México Janelle Lynch: Los Jardines de México The photographs displayed in Los Jardines de México explore themes related to the life cycle and its representations in the urban and rural landscapes. Lynch spent

More information

THE EARLIEST KINGDOMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

THE EARLIEST KINGDOMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA THE EARLIEST KINGDOMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Mapungubwe Read the following story of Mapungubwe: Arab traders were looking for gold. Chinese traders wanted ivory. Both ivory and gold were available on the plateau

More information