Energy Storage and YK BC Transmission Intertie. Date: March 08 th, 2011

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1 Energy Storage and YK BC Transmission Intertie Presented by: Bruce Ledger Date: March 08 th,

2 Energy Storage Types? Why? How? When? Capacity? Presentation Outline Technologies? Yukon BC Transmission Intertie

3 Energy Storage: Type?, Why? Short-Term Called Spinning Reserve Compensates for loss of generating unit(s) Avoids power outages Available in seconds Capacity at least equal to the largest unit (WH4 = 20 MW) Required until other generation is on-line (~15 minutes) Compensates for short term production unpredictability of Compensates for short-term production unpredictability of non-dispatchable generation (i.e. wind speed varies)

4 Energy Storage: Type?, Why? Long-Term Compensates for when non-dispatchable generation is not available (i.e. wind stops) Hydro system with large storage is best (Energy is stored as water in a reservoir) When non-dispatchable energy is. High: fill reservoir (store water) Low: empty reservoir (hydro power) Recommended storage: Two to four days = ~2 GWh

5 How? Energy Storage: How?, When? Electrical Energy Cannot be Stored, so......convert the Electrical Energy into Another Form When? Potential, Kinetic, Chemical, Convert Electrical Energy to Stored Energy Low-demand (off-peak) periods Convert the Stored Energy to Electrical Energy High-demand (peak) periods

6 Presentation Outline Energy Storage Types?,, Why? How? When? Capacity? p y Technologies? Yukon BC Transmission Intertie

7 Energy Storage Technologies - Evaluated Energy Storage Technology Battery: Conventional (BESS) Battery: Flow System Battery: Sodium-sulphur System Flywheel: Energy Storage System (FESS) Flywheel: Electro-magnetic Compressed Air Energy Storage Hydrogen Production and Storage Hydro Generator: Synch. Condensing Conversion DRUPS: Diesel Rotary Uninterruptible Power Supply Hydro Generator: Pumped Storage (long-term) Recommended?

8 Recommended Hydro Generator: Synchronous Condenser Conversion Existing hydro generators: add synch. condense mode Provides spinning reserve Volt/VAR support Cost effective: can use existing infrastructure Install air compression & storage equipment Modify protection & control system Least cost (varies) Possible locations: Whitehorse, Aishihik, Mayo

9 Recommended DRUPS (Diesel Rotary Uninterruptible Power Supply) Diesel Engine Clutch Flywheel (Induction Coupling) Motor/ Generator Possible locations: Whitehorse, Mayo, Dawson, Takhini, Ferry Hill Mature technology Instantaneous transition Improves power quality Multi-fuel capable Cost ($2M/MW)

10 Recommended Hydro Generator: Pumped Storage (long-term) Mature technology Good for daily load cycle Improves power quality Cost ($6 10M/MW) Possible locations: Natural water bodies, Abandoned mine

11 Presentation Outline Energy Storage Types?, Why? How? When? Capacity? Technologies? Yukon BC Transmission Intertie

12 Yukon to BC Transmission Intertie 900 km, 4 substations Series and Shunt Compensation Without shunt compensation the power transfer is about half Voltage [kv] 287 ac 525 ac 287/ 525 ac ±350 dc Max. Power Transfer [MW] Cost [$M]

13 13

14 Recommended (DRUPS) Diesel Uninterruptible Power Supply DRUPS Installation

15 DRUPS Courtesy: Hitec Power Protection

16 BESS 20 MW BESS in Fairbanks, AK Source: Golden Valley Electric Utility

17 FESS 20MW FESS in Stephentown, NY Courtesy: Beacon Power Corp.

18 Generator SC Op Next Steps Convert existing hydro generators that are not operated year- round as base generation Convert Whitehorse units Convert Mayo A units after Mayo B is in operation Convert Aishihik units after AH3 is in service DRUPS Phased deployment Pilot project near Whitehorse Diesel Plant Replace diesel generators due for retirement with DRUPS

19 Energy Storage Alternatives Long List Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Diesel Rotary Uninterruptable Power System (DRUPS) Lead-acid acid Nickel-cadmium Lithium-ion Flow Battery System Immature technology Sodium-sulphur Battery System Immature technology Mechanical Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) Hydro Pumped Reservoir Storage High capital cost Suitable sites Synchronous Condenser Hydro Generator Unit Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Slow response time Suitable sites Ride-Through (Electro-magnetic Flywheel) Discharge duration: 15s max Hydrogen Storage Low efficiency Suitable sites

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