Skeletal and Muscular System
|
|
- Blanche Doyle
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Skeletal and Muscular System Wednesday, December 01, :30 AM Slides Notes CC'd AUDIO FILE: n01 Title Now that we have covered some of the amazing diversity of life in Creation. Now it is times to take a look at the human body. Psalms 139:14 says that the human body is fearfully and wonderfully made, and indeed it is! From time to time, we will compare the human body with the structures of other organisms. While there may be life forms that are simpler than humans; there is no such thing as a simple life form. Even the simplest life form in Creation is much more complex and welldesigned than the most impressive human made technology. The body's superstructure is made up of the skeleton, the muscles, and the skin. CC'd n02 Characteriistics The skeletal system is as strong as steel, light al aluminum, grows as we do, and can heal itself when damaged. It is responsible to support the body and work with the muscles for movement. It also protects vital organs. The bone marrow actually produces the cells in your blood. It also stores minerals in case other reserves run out; though, loss of these minerals in the bone can compromise bone strength. General Science Page 1
2 CC'd n03 baby vs adult There are 206 separate bones in the adult body. Children actually have more because some of the bones that are fused together in the adult are separate still in children. Bones can be classified into two groups: appendicular and axial. The appendecular Skeleton attaches to the limbs. They consist of... Limbs (femur too) Pelvic girdle Pectoral girdle The axial Skeleton supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk. They include... Skull - The skull, in an adult, has 29 separate bones. Backbone Ribcage CC'd n04 Bone Anatomy Now let's look at bone anatomy. You will not have to memorize the anatomy of the bone, just the general information. The center of the bone is the medullary canal. It contains bone marrow and blood vessels. If the marrow is young, it will be red and produced the blood cells. If it is old, the marrow will be yellow and can no longer make blood cells. The medullary canal is surrounded by two types of bone: spongy bone and compact bone. Both are made from the same substance, but they differ in how mineral-hardened fibers are packed together. Though the spongy bone looks spongy, it is very hard, just with lots of air spaces. This lets the bone be strong yet the air spaces lighten the weight. It also contains the red marrow. Bone is alive, which means it needs oxygen and nutrients. The next layer is a sheath called the peristeum (pehr - ee - ah - stee - uhm). It contains nerves and blood vessels and will signal the brain if there is any damage to the bone. The smallest bone in the human body is in the middle ear and is a mere 1/10 " long. The longest bone is the femur and it makes up 25% of your height. General Science Page 2
3 CC'd AUDIO FILE: n05 Other Organisms The sum total of bones in the human body is called the endoskeleton. Endo means inside. Other organisms have skeletons as well. Birds have hollow bones so that they will be light enough to fly with ease. Some organisms have skeletons on the outside, exoskeletons. Exo means outside. Many of the organisms that have exoskeletons, do not have a backbone. Arthropods are like this. Their exoskeletons are made of chitin. What are arthropods? We call them invertebrates while organisms with backbones are called vertebrates. Other invertebrates are jellyfish and snails. Where do they get their body support from? What about bacteria, protists, and plants? CC'd AUIDIO FILE: n06 four joints There are 4 major joints Washer Ball-and-Socket Hinge Saddle CC'd AUDIO FILE: n07 washer joint The washer joint exists only in your backbone. Your backbone is made up of vertebrae. Each one is connected to each other with the washer joint. Each allows a small range of motion, but together you get a wide range of motion. The backbone is divided into the lumbar region (lower back) and the spine (mid to upper back). If you bend to the side, you will need to shift your hips to the side of the midline of balance or you will fall down. Without that shift, you will not be able to bend to the side more than about 35 degree without falling if your ankles are together. To bend forward or backward, if you bend only in the lumbar region, you can General Science Page 3
4 CC'd AUDIO FILE: n07 washer joint The washer joint exists only in your backbone. Your backbone is made up of vertebrae. Each one is connected to each other with the washer joint. Each allows a small range of motion, but together you get a wide range of motion. The backbone is divided into the lumbar region (lower back) and the spine (mid to upper back). If you bend to the side, you will need to shift your hips to the side of the midline of balance or you will fall down. Without that shift, you will not be able to bend to the side more than about 35 degree without falling if your ankles are together. To bend forward or backward, if you bend only in the lumbar region, you can bend 25 to 33 degrees. To bend further, you must also involve the spine and the hips or shift your feet from an ankle to ankle position. Muscles and fat that get in the way can also reduce the range of motion to a joint. CC'd AUDIO FILE: n08 ball and socket In the ball and socket joint, the ball-shaped part fits in to a bowl shaped socket. Hip range of motion is so extensive that you can do the splits forward and to the side if your muscles are flexible enough to stretch. The toes will point in an angle matching the hip/lumbar region. The hips also play a part in the range that the knee can swing inward and outward. Shoulder ball and socket joint is shallow. This gives it a larger range of motion than the ball and socket joint in the hip. The disadvantage to having a larger range of motion is that it isn't as strong a joint. The arm lock is effective because it puts the shoulder joint at the end of its range of motion. That lessens the leverage that the muscle can apply. Some people are flexible enough to touch their fingers together behind their back with one arm from above and one below. CC'd AUDIO FILE: n09 Hinge Joint The hinge joint in the third joint out of the four we will discuss. In one direction, the hinge joint has about 130 degrees of motion allowing that joint to nearly double back on itself. But, in moving the other direction, it can extend only a little way as a hyperextension or in a side to side motion. General Science Page 4
5 CC'd AUDIO FILE: n10 Saddle Joint The saddle joint is a bit in between a hinge and a ball and socket. The bones fit together in a saddle shaped way. They have left and right as well and up and down motion, but it doesn't have the range of motion of the ball and socket joint. CC'd AUDIO FILE: n11 cartilage Flex your nose and ears. That is what it mean to be rubbery. This is cartilage. It has a very high percentage of collagen. Now give your shin a good push. Not so flexible! That is that bone in front of the lower leg. Not so flexible is it?! The bone that is your shin has calcium salts that strengthen it. Bones have two things in the bone matrix: collagen and minerals. Collagen is a flexible, rubbery substance that belongs to a class of chemicals called proteins. Cartilage's flexibility makes it an excellent shock absorber and because it also has sort of a slick and smooth nature, it can reduce friction in joints. If the joints were to rub bone to bone when there was motion, a lot of damage would result because bones are not made to handle that kind of wear and tear. Another chemical called synovial fluid is coating the joints which reduced friction even more. If you have ever handled egg white, you will have an idea of what this fluid is like. The fluid is stored in a bag like structure called an articular capsule. Cartilage doesn't hold bones together though. An even muscles don't. There are tough, elastic-like bands that connect bone to bone at locations where movement occurs and the bones could otherwise slip out of alignment. These bands are called ligaments. Now, in this particular module, you've got a lab in which you will take a bone and soak it in vinegar over a period of days to weeks. I think you will find that something interesting will happen. General Science Page 5
6 CC'd AUDIO FILE: n12 Skeletal Muscles A skeleton gives the body structure and joints allow that skeleton to bend, but that cannot create movement. You need muscles for motion. There are three types of muscles: Skeletal - which there are 640 different kinds There are also smooth muscles and Cardiac muscles Skeletal muscles are the ones we most often think of when we thing of muscles. They are involved with moving your skeleton around. Interestingly, muscles do not attach directly to the bones. Instead they taper and end in a tendon which does attach to the skeleton. CC'd AUDIO FILE: n13 muscular To cause movement, your muscles typically come in pairs One muscle on one side of the joint and one on the other. They are attached ins such a way that if one contracts the other will relax. This combination of pull and relax lets the muscles move the joint. Let's take a look at the pairs related to the bending of the elbow. The muscles that pair up here are the bicep and triceps. The bicep is the one that you make really big when you try to make your arm look strong. The triceps are under the upper arm and they work to straighten the elbow. If a persons triceps were damaged and couldn't contract, what motion could still be performed and what motion could not? This example is a fairly simple one. In reality, muscles work in sets of 10, 20, or even more muscles in a group. General Science Page 6
7 CC'd Smooth muscles are quite different in both structure and function than skeletal muscles. They are smoother, hence their name. If you looked at skeletal muscles under a microscope, you would see a striped appearance. Smooth muscles do not have the rougher, striped texture. These muscles are not connected to bone. These muscles are the muscles of the stomach, intestinal muscles, etc. Unlike skeletal muscles, you do not have to 'think' to move them When you do not have to consciously think to move a muscle yet it does what it is supposed to do by moving such as the stomach muscle churning your food after you eat, we call it an involuntary muscle. Another involuntary muscle is the cardiac muscle. It is the muscle of your heart. It is a good thing that you do not have to think to make your heart pump blood. You wouldn't last long after going to sleep and you would be in trouble if you got distracted while awake. Though you do not have to think to make your heart beat, your brain does still control it - along with a patch of cells on the heart itself called the sinotorial node. The sinotorial node sets the pace for the heart and because of this it is often called the pacemaker. It does this by setting off an electrical signal about 100 times per minute. Place your finger over your wrist or over the artery in your neck and count how many beats you have in one minute. I will watch the time for you. Your heart doesn't beat 100 times per minute does it? Well that is because the pacemaker is also influenced by the brain. The brain gets feedback from receptors all over your body as to how much oxygen is needed. The brain can slow down or speed up the sinoatorial node's settings to match the body's need at any given time. Under a microscope, the cardiac muscle is striped, much like the skeletal muscle, but the it is much smaller. It is a cross between skeletal and smooth muscle types. General Science Page 7
8 CC'd AUDIO FILE: The basic structure and function of muscles are pretty much the same from organism to organism; however, the placement can be quite different. Our muscles lay over the tops of joints. Arthropods have muscles that reside inside the joints. In kingdom monera (bacteria), movement occurs via the flagella. They spin these little tails like an outboard motor. Some protists have little hairs called cilia that they wiggle like you would move oars in a boat to make it move. Plants use turgor pressure in their vacuoles to create movement. They will move in response to light and they also respond to gravity. This response to gravity is called gravitropism. It helps them sense which way is up and which way is down so that they send their roots and stems in the correct direction. Both of these movements are controlled by hormones. CC'd AUDIO FILE: The skin's job is to protect the body from invaders. It also is home to our sense of touch, temperature, and pain. Hair, fingernails, and toenails are a modified type of skin. Keratinization is the process by which skin goes from soft and supple to tough as nails. Your skin is composed of two basic layers. The outer layer is called the epidermis. It protects the inner tissues. The other layer is the dermis, it is composed of fibrous connective tissue. Below the dermis is the hypodermis which is composed mostly of fat. It isn't technically considered part of the skin. Its job is to provide insulations for your body. Notice that the epidermis is composed of two layers: a layer of dead cells and a layer of living cells. As a cell from the lower level moves to the outer layer, the cystoplasm is transformed into a waterproofing protein called keratin. The process is called keartization. This process kills the cell but makes it quite sturdy and a good barrier to pathogens. These dead cells are constantly flaking off. A large percentage of the dust in your home are actually these dead cells. You have hair on all skin surfaces except for the palms of your hand and the soles of your feet. Hair is also keratinized and will grow from the hair follicle into a cylindrical shape as a whole. The cells in hair are tougher than in skin. General Science Page 8
9 This growth will be at different rates in different places. The hair on your head is very active for months at a time. The hair on your arms and legs grow in short spurts and then they rest for along period of time. What purposes do you think hair serves? (insulation and sense of touch). Goose pimples are caused from the tiny muscles attached to each hair. When you get cold, the muscles contract and the hair stands up allowing greater amounts of air to become trapped between them to increase warmth. The sebaceous gland creates an oil that coats and softens the hair and skin. Often the glands become over active and create so much oil that the pores become blocked causing irritation and skin problems. Sweat glands allow moisture to get to the surface of the skin to be used for cooling the body due to evaporation. That might be surprising that the body wants to help the bacteria and fungi, but it all comes down to what type it is. The body just doesn't want pathogenic bacteria on the skin. One of the by-products of a good bacteria is that it produces lactic acid. This acid makes it hard for the pathogenic ones to do what they do. Symbiosis is a wonderful cooperation between two different organisms to benefit each other. Skin color is controlled by a substance called melanin which is a pigment. If someone has a lot of melanin, their skin will be dark. People with albinism have no melanin. They will have pink colored eyes, very white-ish pink skin, and pure white hair. Hair gets its color much the same way. Red hair is a mixture of melainin and a red pigment made by the bodies of people with that genetic trait. General Science Page 9
10 CC'd AUDIO FILE: If an organism's skin produces feathers, it is a bird. Arthropods and fungi have skin made of chitin. Bacteria just have their cell membrane and a sticky goo that is loaded with toxins. CC'd AUDIO FILE: Fish and reptiles have scales. CC'd AUDIO FILE: Amphibians can even breathe through their skin. It is one of four methods of respiration that they will have in their lifetime. CC'd AUDIO FILE: Plants have an epidermis too, but it more simple than our epidermis. In summary, the body is an amazing thing! General Science Page 10
Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
Chapter 36 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems Section 36 1 The Skeletal System (pages 921 925) This section describes the skeletal system and its functions. Introduction (page 921) 1. What forms
More informationAnimal Systems: The Musculoskeletal System
Animal Systems: The Musculoskeletal System Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Cells, Cell Division, and Animal Systems and Plant Systems Cell Specialization Human Systems The Digestive The Circulatory
More informationLOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT
UNIT - HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 18 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Movement is an important feature of living organism. Both the microbes and macrobes show wide range of movements. The movements results in change
More informationTHE SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM The skeleton is the body s bony framework which consists of 206 bones. The bones are made up of water(45%), calcium and phosphorous(35%) and other organic materials(20%). The calcium
More informationChapter 11. What are the functions of the skeletal system? More detail on bone
Skeletal System Chapter 11 11.1 Overview of the skeletal system What are the functions of the skeletal system? 1. Supports the body 2. Protects the soft body parts 3. Produces blood cells 4. Stores minerals
More informationHuman Body Vocabulary Words Week 1
Vocabulary Words Week 1 1. arteries Any of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all parts of the body 2. heart The muscular organ inside the chest that pumps blood through the body
More informationANSWER KEY. Bones, Muscles, and Skin
Bones, Muscles, and Skin Chapter Project Worksheet 1 1. It must be able to grasp, lift, and release; it must be activated by a pulled cord or string; it must spring back when the cord is released. 2. The
More informationSKELETON AND JOINTS G.C.S.E. PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Unit 1. Factors Affecting Participation and Performance. G.C.S.E. P.E. Teacher:.
G.C.S.E. PHYSICAL EDUCATION Unit 1 Factors Affecting Participation and Performance SKELETON AND JOINTS Name: G.C.S.E. P.E. Teacher:. By the end of this booklet you should be able to: Understand what the
More informationBiology 141 Anatomy and Physiology I
Fall 2016 Biology 141 Anatomy and Physiology I COURSE OUTLINE Faculty Name: Enter Faculty Name Here Program Head: Enter Program Head Here Dean s Review: Dean s Signature: Date Reviewed: / / Revised: Fall
More informationHuman Anatomy & Physiology I with Dr. Hubley. Practice Exam #2
Human Anatomy & Physiology I with Dr. Hubley Practice Exam #2 For questions 1 through 3, select your answers from the following responses: a. stratified squamous epithelium b. reticular connective tissue
More information9/3/2013 JOINTS. Joints. Axial Skeleton STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: JOINTS Joints A connection between 2 or more bones A pivot point for bony motion The features of the joint help determine The ROM freedom Functional potential of the joint Axial
More informationThe Integumentary System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
The Integumentary System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi The Skin The integument system consists of the skin (cutaneous membrane) and its accessory organs. The skin is composed of three layers of tissue: the outer
More information8/25/2014 JOINTS. The Skeletal System. Axial Skeleton STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: JOINTS The Skeletal System Made up of the numerous bones of the human body Gives support and framework to the body Protects vital organs Manufactures blood cells Storage of calcium
More informationDivisions of the Skeletal System
OpenStax-CNX module: m46344 1 Divisions of the Skeletal System OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this
More informationName Class Date Laboratory Investigation 24A Chapter 24A: Human Skin
Name Class Date Laboratory Investigation 24A Chapter 24A: Human Skin Human Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary System You may refer to pages 386-394 in your textbook for a general discussion of the integumentary
More informationTwo main classes: Epithelial Connective (synovial) Epithelial. Cutaneous Mucous Serous
Two main classes: Epithelial Connective (synovial) Epithelial Cutaneous Mucous Serous Epithelial Membranes = sheet of epithelia + connective tissue base 1. Cutaneous membrane: outer skin layer (stratified
More informationUnit 3L.4: Body Parts and Functions
Unit 3L.4: Organs in the Human body Keeping Healthy The Skeleton Science skills: Classification Observing Making models Data collection By the end of this unit you should: Compare the structure of humans
More informationYour Skin. Name: Your Largest Organ
Your Largest Organ What is the largest organ in your body? Your heart? It is the largest muscle in your body, but you do have larger organs. Your brain? The brain inside your skull is pretty big, but it's
More informationUNIT 5: FITNESS BASIC ANATOMY & PROPER STRETCHING TECHNIQUE BASIC ANATOMY MAJOR MUSCLE GROUPS & BONES PROPER STRETCHING TECHNIQUE
UNIT 5: FITNESS BASIC ANATOMY & PROPER STRETCHING TECHNIQUE TOPIC 1: TOPIC 2: BASIC ANATOMY MAJOR MUSCLE GROUPS & BONES PROPER STRETCHING TECHNIQUE GRADES 6-7 UNIT 5 FITNESS BASIC ANATOMY & GRADES PROPER
More informationChetek-Weyerhaeuser High School
Chetek-Weyerhaeuser High School Anatomy and Physiology Units and Anatomy and Physiology A Unit 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology (6 days) Essential Question: How do the systems of the human
More information7. Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function
7. Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function For the next two chapters (7 and 9) we will study the skeletal system. Although the major feature of this system is the bones, the skeletal system also consists
More informationSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: JOINTS
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: JOINTS Joints A connection between 2 or more bones A pivot point for bony motion The features of the joint help determine The ROM Degrees of freedom Functional potential of the
More informationAnimal Tissues. I. Epithelial Tissue
Animal Tissues There are four types of tissues found in animals: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. In this lab you will learn the major characteristics of each tissue
More informationDefinition: A joint or articulation is a place in the body where two bones come together.
Definition: A joint or articulation is a place in the body where two bones come together. CLASSES OF JOINTS. 1. Joints are classified according to how the bones are held together. 2. The three types of
More informationSection B: Epithelial Tissue 1. Where are epithelial tissues found within the body? 2. What are the functions of the epithelial tissues?
Tissue worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Histology Cells are the smallest units of life. In complex organisms, cells group together with one another based on similar structure and function to form tissues.
More informationNorth Bergen School District Benchmarks
Grade: 10,11, and 12 Subject: Anatomy and Physiology First Marking Period Define anatomy and physiology, and describe various subspecialties of each discipline. Describe the five basic functions of living
More informationMuscular System Grades 3-5 BACKGROUND
Muscular System Grades 3-5 BACKGROUND The Muscular System Muscle makes up most of everything underneath the skin. This is the tissue that makes up the heart, body organs, and skeletal muscles. Muscle accounts
More informationLumbar Spine Anatomy. eorthopod.com 228 West Main St., Suite D Missoula, MT 59802-4345 Phone: 406-721-3072 Fax: 406-721-2619 info@eorthopod.
A Patient s Guide to Lumbar Spine Anatomy 228 West Main St., Suite D Missoula, MT 59802-4345 Phone: 406-721-3072 Fax: 406-721-2619 info@eorthopod.com DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled
More informationHow To Stretch Your Body
Exercise Module A New Leaf Choices for Healthy Living University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2007 Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Physical Activity Exercises for Keeping Active
More informationThoracic Spine Anatomy
A Patient s Guide to Thoracic Spine Anatomy 228 West Main, Suite C Missoula, MT 59802 Phone: info@spineuniversity.com DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled from a variety of sources.
More informationAnatomy and Physiology Warm up questions Fall 2013
Anatomy and Physiology Warm up questions Fall 2013 QUESTION POSSIBLE ANSWERS : Chapter 1 Introduction and Regions Chapter 2 Chemistry I can name systems of the I can identify regions of the I can describe
More informationCHAPTER 9 BODY ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 9 BODY ORGANIZATION Objectives Identify the meaning of 10 or more terms relating to the organization of the body Describe the properties of life Describe the function for the structures of the
More informationTHE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Name Period Date THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS System Function Diagram Major Organs Digestive 1. take in food (ingestion) 2. digest food into smaller molecules and absorb nutrients 3. remove undigestable food
More informationYear 2 Science: The Human Body Resource Pack
Year 2 Science: The Human Body Resource Pack Body Systems II Body Systems Digestion our bodies break down food and use Skeletal system the skeleton is made up of bones that support our the nutrients to
More informationX-Plain Rheumatoid Arthritis Reference Summary
X-Plain Rheumatoid Arthritis Reference Summary Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is a fairly common joint disease that affects up to 2 million Americans. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most debilitating
More information7 TH GRADE FINAL EXAM PRACTICE TEST. Part I: Cells. 1. The cell grows to its mature size during. a. mitosis b. prophase c. telophase d.
7 TH GRADE FINAL EXAM PRACTICE TEST Part I: Cells 1. The cell grows to its mature size during a. mitosis b. prophase c. telophase d. interphase 2. The final stage of the cell cycle is called a. interphase
More informationExploring Creation with Advanced Biology ~ Schedule for 2015-2016 Apologia ~ Exploring Creation with Biology ~ Module 1 (Week 1) Date:
Apologia ~ Exploring Creation with Biology ~ Module 1 (Week 1) Mon., Aug. 31 Tue., Sep. 1 Wed., Sept. 2 Thurs., Sept. 3 Fri., Sept. 4 Reading Pgs. 1-4; Introduction, Heart of the matter, Pgs. 5-8; Organization
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Unity and Diversity of Life Q: What characteristics and traits define animals? 25.1 What is an animal? WHAT I KNOW SAMPLE ANSWER: Animals are different from other living things
More informationThe Eight Principles of Movement
The Eight Principles of Movement At Functional Synergy we follow eight principles of movement to help maintain focus and ease. Based on the natural concepts of anatomy, physiology, and kinesiology, they
More informationAvoid The Dreaded Back Injury by Proper Lifting Techniques
Avoid The Dreaded Back Injury by Proper Lifting Techniques If you ve ever strained your back while lifting something, you ll know the importance of lifting safely. Agenda Introduction About the Back The
More informationCHAPTER 8: JOINTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. 4. Name the three types of fibrous joints and give an example of each.
OBJECTIVES: 1. Define the term articulation. 2. Distinguish between the functional and structural classification of joints, and relate the terms that are essentially synonymous. 3. Compare and contrast
More informationCOMPUTER-RELATED MUSCLE, TENDON, AND JOINT INJURIES
CHAPTER ELEVEN COMPUTER-RELATED MUSCLE, TENDON, AND JOINT INJURIES To reduce the risk of pain in your neck and shoulders, stay within these recommended ranges of movement: Neck Flexion: 0 o -15 o (bending
More informationName. Most of the bones of the limbs (arms & legs) act as levers. These levers are powered by muscles.
Bones as Levers 1 Name Bones as Levers You may not think of your limbs as being machines, but they are. The action of a muscle pulling on a bone often works like a type of simple machine called a lever.
More informationThe Take-Apart Human Body
The Take-Apart Human Body As any teacher knows, children are naturally curious about their bodies. Their questions are endless, and present a tremendous educational opportunity: How do my ears work? Where
More informationChapter 5 The Skeletal System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 5 The Skeletal System The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments (bone
More informationUnit 4: Skeletal System Test Review Test Review
Name: Period: Unit 4: Skeletal System Test Review Test Review 1. List four functions of the skeletal system: a. b. c. d. 2. Define ossification and identify the roles of the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and
More informationIntegumentary System Digestive System. Outline. Integumentary System 11/4/2008. Week 11 BA & BP November 4, 2008 Nadia Arora, ND
Integumentary System Digestive System Week 11 BA & BP November 4, 2008 Nadia Arora, ND Outline Integumentary system and body membranes Types of body membranes and their function General structure and main
More informationwww.ghadialisurgery.com
P R E S E N T S Dr. Mufa T. Ghadiali is skilled in all aspects of General Surgery. His General Surgery Services include: General Surgery Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery Surgical Oncology Gastrointestinal
More informationHuman Bones BROWARD COUNTY ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BENCHMARK PLAN ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OPPORTUNITIES. Grade 4 Quarter 3 Activity 21
activity 21 Human Bones BROWARD COUNTY ELEMENTARY SCIENCE BENCHMARK PLAN Grade 4 Quarter 3 Activity 21 SC.F.1.2.1 The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structures and functions
More informationX-Plain Neck Exercises Reference Summary
X-Plain Neck Exercises Reference Summary Introduction Exercising your neck can make it stronger, more flexible and reduce neck pain that is caused by stress and fatigue. This reference summary describes
More informationOsseous Tissue & Structure. The skeletal system includes: Storage of minerals: calcium salts
Chapter 15 Lecture The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue & Skeletal Structure The Skeletal System The skeletal system includes: Bones, cartilages, ligaments Bone tissue = osseous tissue Includes living cells
More informationTHE SKELETAL & ARTICULAR SYSTEMS. The Bones & Joints
THE SKELETAL & ARTICULAR SYSTEMS The Bones & Joints CLOSE YOUR POWERPOINT HANDOUTS!! Think-Pair-Share: Why do we need bones? Try to think of 3 reasons. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Is made up of numerous bones
More informationA proper warm-up is important before any athletic performance with the goal of preparing the athlete both mentally and physically for exercise and
A proper warm-up is important before any athletic performance with the goal of preparing the athlete both mentally and physically for exercise and competition. A warm-up is designed to prepare an athlete
More informationThe Many Causes of Joint Pain
I n t r o d u c t i o n The Many Causes of Joint Pain there are about a hundred different forms of arthritis, an umbrella term for diseases with symptoms that include joint and musculoskeletal pain. And
More informationTo retain their shapes, all organisms need some type of structural
36 1 The Skeletal System To retain their shapes, all organisms need some type of structural support. Unicellular organisms have a cytoskeleton that provides structural support. In multicellular animals,
More informationRepublic Polytechnic. Continuing Education & Training. Course Structure: Anatomy & Physiology
Republic Polytechnic Continuing Education & Training Course Structure: Anatomy & Physiology Module Anatomy and Physiology Description This module introduces the basic human anatomical organization, tissue
More informationBiology 13A Lab #3: Cells and Tissues
Biology 13A Lab #3: Cells and Tissues Lab #3 Table of Contents: Expected Learning Outcomes.... 28 Introduction...... 28 Activity 1: Eukaryotic Cell Structure... 29 Activity 2: Perspectives on Tissue Preparations.
More informationGeneral Guidelines. Neck Stretch: Side. Neck Stretch: Forward. Shoulder Rolls. Side Stretch
Stretching Exercises General Guidelines Perform stretching exercises at least 2 3 days per week and preferably more Hold each stretch for 15 20 seconds Relax and breathe normally Stretching is most effective
More informationKINESIOLOGY TAPING GUIDE
KINESIOLOGY TAPING GUIDE What is Kinesiology tape and how does Kinesiology tape work? How to apply Kinesiology tape Examples of application of UP Kinesiology tape for common injuries and conditions Introduction
More informationModule F SKELETAL SYSTEM & ARTICULATIONS
Module F SKELETAL SYSTEM & ARTICULATIONS Topic from General functions of bone & the skeletal system Structural components microscopic anatomy Structural components gross anatomy Physiology of embryonic
More informationThe Search for the Missing Bones
The Magic School Bus A Science Chapter Book #2 The Search for the Missing Bones Lapbook by Amy Yee. Yee Shall Know http:///www.yeeshallknow.com Lapbook Basics Follow the instructions in the following page(s)
More informationHuman Growth and Reproduction
Human Growth and Reproduction Sperm reach ovum and cluster around it Only one sperm is allowed to penetrate egg When the sperm penetrates the egg, the egg immediately releases a chemical creating a hard
More informationVertebrate Body Organization
Vertebrate Body Organization Digestive tube suspended in coelom from mouth to anus Body supported by internal skeleton of jointed bones Vertebrae and Cranium protects nervous system Diaphragm divides coelom
More informationRange of Motion Exercises
Range of Motion Exercises Range of motion (ROM) exercises are done to preserve flexibility and mobility of the joints on which they are performed. These exercises reduce stiffness and will prevent or at
More informationIntroduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Tissues and Integumentary System. Biology 105 Lecture 7 Chapter 4
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Tissues and Integumentary System Biology 105 Lecture 7 Chapter 4 Outline I. Tissues A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Muscle D. Nervous tissues II. Cell-to-cell contact
More informationStretching in the Office
Stretching in the Office Legs: Quads, Hamstrings, IT band, Hip flexors, Gluts, Calves Quads: Standing @ desk maintaining upright posture, grab one leg @ a time by foot or ankle and bring it towards backside
More informationFor Deep Pressure Massage
T H E R A C A N E O W N E R S M A N U A L For Deep Pressure Massage Thera Cane is a self massager used to apply pressure to sore muscles. The unique design of the Thera Cane lets you apply deep pressure
More informationPassive Range of Motion Exercises
Exercise and ALS The physical or occupational therapist will make recommendations for exercise based upon each patient s specific needs and abilities. Strengthening exercises are not generally recommended
More informationHow To Roll Out
THE GUIDE: ROLLING OUT WHAT IS THE MYOFASCIAL SYSTEM? The Myofascial System is a superficial fascia (a thin sheath of silvery tissue) that wraps around the outer surface of muscles and individual muscle
More informationA Stretch-Break Program for Your Workplace! www.healthyworkplaceweek.ca
www.healthyworkplaceweek.ca A Stretch-Break Program for Your Workplace! Why is stretching at work important? Sitting at a desk or computer; or standing at your work station for extended periods of time
More informationRehabilitation after shoulder dislocation
Physiotherapy Department Rehabilitation after shoulder dislocation Information for patients This information leaflet gives you advice on rehabilitation after your shoulder dislocation. It is not a substitute
More informationGround substance is the component of connective tissue between the cells and the fibers
Connective Tissues Directions: Insert and install your Interactions: Foundations CD. a. Click the "Contents" button. b. Open the Tissue Level of Organization file. c. Click on Anatomy Overviews. d. Work
More informationHistology. Epithelial Tissue
Histology Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Lines internal and external body surfaces Forms glands Epithelial Tissue Little extracellular matrix Attached on one side Avascular Basement membrane Apical
More informationLesson Aim To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes.
LESSON 1. CELLS & TISSUES Lesson Aim To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes. THE CELL All living matter is composed of functional
More informationS.M.A.R.T.box. Muscular System The Inner Athlete Teacher s Guide CURRICULUM MEDIA GROUP. Standards-based MediA Resource for Teachers
CURRICULUM MEDIA GROUP S.M.A.R.T.box Standards-based MediA Resource for Teachers TM Muscular System The Inner Athlete Teacher s Guide 33119 A DIVISION OF FILMS MEDIA GROUP INTRODUCTION This Teacher s Guide
More informationLevel 2 Certificate in Fitness Instructing Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology
Level 2 Certificate in Fitness Instructing Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology These questions have been compiled based on the information available for the above qualification and unit. This mock should be
More informationThe Circulatory System. Chapter 17 Lesson 1
The Circulatory System Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Functions of the Circulatory System Your circulatory system maintains an internal environment in which all the cells in your body are nourished. As your heart
More informationHuman Anatomy & Physiology General
Human Anatomy & Physiology General Biology is the study of life but, what exactly is life? how are living things different from nonliving things eg. a human from a rock eg. a a human from a robot eg. a
More informationGet Moving! All About Muscles
Get Moving! All About Muscles A Reading A Z Level U Quick Reader Word Count: 2,002 Q U I C K R E A D E R U Written by Lisa Trumbauer Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com
More information67 The Human Skeleton
67 The Human Skeleton Skull SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Life Science Prentice-Hall, Inc. Clavicle (collarbone) Scapula (shoulder blade) Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Tibia Humerus Ulna Sternum (breastbone)
More informationMuscles and Bones. Lesson aim. Lesson objectives. Lesson Outcomes. Curriculum links. Suggested age group suitability.
Muscles and Bones Lesson aim To familiarise students with the function of the skeleton and how muscles attached to the skeleton allow us to move. Lesson objectives Students will be expected to: Work effectively
More informationCardiac Rehab Program: Stretching Exercises
Cardiac Rehab Program: Stretching Exercises Walk around the room, step side to side, ride a bike or walk on a treadmill for at least 5 minutes to warm up before doing these stretches. Stretch warm muscles
More informationChapter 16: Circulation
Section 1 (The Body s Transport System) Chapter 16: Circulation 7 th Grade Cardiovascular system (the circulatory system) includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood carries needed substances to the cells
More informationReader s Theater. I AM the Most Important. (A Script about the human body systems. By Amy Bowden) Characters
Reader s Theater I AM the Most Important (A Script about the human body systems By Amy Bowden) Characters Judge (narrator) Digestive System Circulatory System Muscular System Respiratory System Nervous
More informationLesson 7: Respiratory and Skeletal Systems and Tuberculosis
Glossary 1. asthma: when the airways of the lungs narrow, making breathing difficult 2. bacteria: tiny living creatures that can only be seen with a microscope; some bacteria help the human body, and other
More informationMike s Top Ten Tips for Reducing Back Pain
Mike s Top Ten Tips for Reducing Back Pain The following article explains ways of preventing, reducing or eliminating back pain. I have found them to be very useful to myself, my clients and my patients.
More informationCARDIAC REHABILITATION HOME EXERCISE ADVICE
CARDIAC REHABILITATION HOME EXERCISE ADVICE Introduction Exercise is a very important as part of your rehabilitation and your future health. You will need to exercise at least three times per week, minimum,
More informationKNEE EXERCISE PROGRAM
KNEE PROGRAM INTRODUCT ION Welcome to your knee exercise program. The exercises in the program are designed to improve your knee stability and strength of the muscles around your knee and hip. The strength
More informationBIO 137: CHAPTER 1 OBJECTIVES
BIO 137: CHAPTER 1 OBJECTIVES 1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. A. ANATOMY = the study of
More informationHuman Anatomy & Physiology I with Dr. Hubley. Practice Exam 1
Human Anatomy & Physiology I with Dr. Hubley Practice Exam 1 1. Which definition is the best definition of the term gross anatomy? a. The study of cells. b. The study of tissues. c. The study of structures
More informationAnatomy and Terminology of the Spine. Bones of the Spine (Vertebrae)
Anatomy and Terminology of the Spine The spine, also called the spinal column, vertebral column or backbone, consists of bones, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and joints. In addition, the spine serves
More informationChanges to Your Baby and Your Body During Pregnancy
Changes to and Your Body During Pregnancy 1st Trimester: Conception to Week 16 Your baby s traits and sex are set when the sperm meets the egg. During this time: The brain, nerves, heart, lungs and bones
More informationFunctional rehab after breast reconstruction surgery
Functional rehab after breast reconstruction surgery UHN A guide for women who had DIEP, latissimus dorsi with a tissue expander or implant, or two-stage implant based breast reconstruction surgery Read
More informationLESSON OVERVIEW. Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the Lay Health Worker will be able to:
Objectives: LESSON OVERVIEW By the end of the lesson, the Lay Health Worker will be able to: 1. Describe what arthritis is in general terms. 2. Identify common myths and beliefs about arthritis that may
More informationPhysical Agility Test Preparation and Safety
Physical Agility Test Preparation and Safety TT DD CC JJ J How to Prepare for the PAT Prior to taking the Physical Agility Test, applicants should seek medical advice from their physician. The day of the
More informationRange of Motion. A guide for you after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Program
Range of Motion A guide for you after spinal cord injury Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Program This booklet has been written by the health care providers who provide care to people who have a spinal
More informationMuscle Movements, Types, and Names
Muscle Movements, Types, and Names A. Gross Skeletal Muscle Activity 1. With a few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint 2. Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies proximal to the joint it crossed
More informationThe Anatomy of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
The Anatomy of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) What is the Spinal Cord? The spinal cord is that part of your central nervous system that transmits messages between your brain and your body. The spinal cord has
More informationSpinal Anatomy. * MedX research contends that the lumbar region really starts at T-11, based upon the attributes of the vertebra.
Spinal Anatomy Overview Neck and back pain, especially pain in the lower back, is one of the most common health problems in adults. Fortunately, most back and neck pain is temporary, resulting from short-term
More informationPhysical Capability Strength Test: One Component of the Selection Process
Physical Capability Strength Test: One Component of the Selection Process One aspect of the Power Systems Institute selection process is to successfully complete and achieve a passing score on a physical
More information