Properties of Materials Investigation Choose five objects in your classroom. Fill out the chart below to describe the material in the object.

Transcription

1 Classwork #1 Properties of Materials Properties of Materials Investigation Choose five objects in your classroom. Fill out the chart below to describe the material in the object. Item Color Texture Size Shape Other Property Ex: pencil yellow smooth long cylinder hard How do properties help you to identify objects?

2 Homework #1 Properties of Materials Matter is all around you your clothes, toys, and even your lunch is made of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is how much matter an object contains. Material is anything used to make things. You can identify a material by its properties. You observe properties with your senses and by measuring for length, height, weight and mass. Some properties include color, shape, size and texture. Texture describes how something feels. 1. Anything that takes up space and has mass is 2. Soft, rough, and bumpy describe the of an object. 3. Your senses help you describe the of matter. 4. How much matter inside an object is its.

3 5. Look at the images below. Write three words describing the properties of each one. A carrot A baseball bat A key a. b. c. a. b. c. a. b. c.

4 Classwork #2 Properties of Materials What Am I? Use the clues to find the classroom object being described by its properties. I am white. I am sticky when wet. I am strong when dry. You use me to hold materials together. I am I am a cylinder. I am not flexible. I can float. You can write with me as long as I am sharp. I am I am thin and flexible. I can be any color. I am not waterproof. You can write or color on me. I am I am made of fabric. I am flexible and strong. I can be any color. You carry your books inside me. I am

5 Write an Object Riddle of your own. Include at least three properties to describe the item. Write the answer to the riddle on the back of your paper.

6 Homework #2 Properties of Materials Go on a scavenger hunt at home. Find an example of something that is flexible, strong, and hard. Create a flap book by cutting out the square. Fold on the solid line. Cut on the dotted line. Write the name of the object behind each flap. Draw a picture below the name. Flexible Strong Hard

7 Classwork #3 Properties of Materials Different materials are used for different purposes based on their properties. Wood, metal, glass, plastic, and fabric are common materials used to make many different objects. Wood comes from trees. It is strong and hard. It is light and floats on water. Wood can be cut and easily shaped. Wood is used to build homes and furniture. Metal is found in the ground and is often mixed from rocks. It is strong, hard and shiny. Metal can be hammered into different shapes. Metal is used for pots, cars, and coins. Glass is made by melting sand. Glass is waterproof and transparent. Transparent means it allows light to pass through. Thick glass is strong but thin glass can shatter. Glass is used for windows, bottles, and eyeglasses.

8 Plastic is made from oil and chemicals. It is strong and waterproof. When heated, plastic can be made into many shapes. Plastic is used for toys, bags, and bottles. Plastics last for a long time so they need to be recycled. Fabrics are made by weaving cotton, silk, or wool together. Fabrics can be stretchy, insulating (keep you warm) or absorbent (soak up liquid). Fabrics are used to make clothing, blankets, and covers for furniture. Look around the classroom and find two objects made from each material. Material Object Object wood metal glass plastic fabric 1. 2.

9 Homework #3 Properties of Materials Directions: Cut out the objects below. Sort them into material groups. Glue into place. Draw an object made from the same material in each empty box.

10 Wood Plastic Glass Metal

11 Classwork #4 Properties of Materials It is important to study materials to find out about their properties. Understanding the properties of materials helps you to select the right material for the job. Read each problem below and fill in the circle next to the best material test. 1. A hat maker wants to design a waterproof hat for children. What test should he conduct on the material? o Scratch the material to see if it leaves a mark. o Bend the material to see if it is flexible. o Drip water on the material to see if it is repelled. 2. A toy maker wants to design a magnetic checkers game. What test should she conduct on the material for the game? o Drop a heavy weight on the material to see if it is damaged. o Hold a magnet to the material to see if it is attracted to the magnet. o Pull the material to see if it stretches.

12 3. A diaper maker wants to design a diaper for babies. What test should they conduct on the diaper material? o Drip water on the material to see if it is quickly absorbed. o Drop a heavy weight on the material to see if it is damaged. o Drop the material from 6 feet to see if it bounces. 4. You want to design a new backpack. Write two properties the bag should have. Explain how you could test the material for those properties. Property #1: Test: Property #2: Test:

13 Homework #4 Properties of Materials Look around your home for the following items: Fork Toilet paper Sock Cup Test each material and complete the table. Write yes or no in each box. Flexible: Can you bend it? Durable: Can you break it? Elastic: Can you stretch it? Transparent: Can you see through it? Fork Flexible Durable Elastic Transparent Toilet paper Sock Cup

14 Classwork #5 Properties of Materials Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king s horses and all the king s men Couldn t put Humpty together again. Use what you have learned about materials to design a case to protect him from hurting himself when he falls off the wall. Create a list of materials and give a reason for using each item. Draw a picture of your design. Item Reason for selecting this material

15 Homework #5 Properties of Materials Help Cinderella What was the Fairy Godmother thinking? She made Cinderella s high heels out of glass! Glass is made from sand heated to a very high temperature. It is very useful in making windows, jars, light bulbs and eyeglass lenses. Do you think glass is a good material for making shoes? 1. What are two more properties of glass? 2. Explain why these properties make glass a good or poor choice for shoes. 3. What material would be a better choice for Cinderella s high heels? Explain. 4. Why is it important to know a materials property when building something?

16 Classwork #6 Properties of Materials Matter is all around you. It takes up space and has mass. Matter has three different forms. It can be a solid, liquid, or a gas. This picture shows all three forms of matter. Can you identify them? Solids: The soda can and the glass are solids. They have a definite shape and take up a certain amount of space. These properties do not change unless you cut, bend or break the object. Liquids: The soda is a liquid. It takes up a certain amount of space, but it does not have a certain shape. The shape changes when it is poured into a different container. Gases: The bubbles in the soda made by gas. Gas does not have a certain shape. Gas does not take up a certain amount of space. It fills the all the space in a container. Gas is usually invisible.

17 Look at the bowl of soup. Can you identify the three states of matter?

18 Homework #6 Properties of Materials Sort the words in the word bank into the chart. steam ice water rock oxygen pencil milk smoke soup Label each of the following as being a property of a Solid Liquid Gas solid, liquid or gas. 1. It is hard to see. 2. It has its own shape. 3. It can be poured. 4. It fills your lungs.

19 Classwork #7 Properties of Materials Matter can change from one state to another by adding or removing heat. Liquids can change to a solid by decreasing the temperature. This is called freezing. Solids can change to liquids by increasing the temperature. This is called melting. Liquids can change to a gas by increasing the temperature. This is called boiling. Each picture is undergoing a temperature change. Color the arrow blue if the change was caused by removing heat. Color the arrow red if the change was caused by adding heat.

20 Homework #7 Properties of Materials Read each story and answer each question that follows in a complete sentence. 1. It was a hot, summer day. Ricky was going to the beach with his family. He brought a box of crayons to color in his coloring book. Ricky left the crayons on his towel in the blazing sun. When he went to color, all of Ricky s crayons had melted into a liquid rainbow. What caused Ricky s crayons to change from a solid to a liquid? 2. Tara needed a hot shower after her soccer practice. When she got out, she noticed steam had filled the room. Tara could not see herself in the mirror because it was covered in steam. What caused the liquid water to turn to a gas?

21 Classwork #8 Properties of Materials Matter can change from one state to another. Some of these changes are reversible (able to be undone). Other changes are irreversible (not able to be undone). Look at each set of pictures. Circle the word that best describes the change. If it is reversible, explain how to change the matter back to its first state. reversible irreversible reversible irreversible reversible irreversible reversible irreversible reversible irreversible

22 Homework #8 Properties of Materials Matter can be changed. One change is reversible (able to be undone). Reversible changes include melting and freezing. Another change is irreversible (unable to be undone). Irreversible changes include burning and rusting. A reversible change may change how the object looks or feels. The object however does not change. For example, freezing water to make ice cubes changes the state of matter. The water changed from a liquid to a solid. It did not change into a new substance. It is still water. An irreversible change cannot be undone. It is a permanent change. A new material always forms as a result of an irreversible change. For example, making pancakes changes the batter into something new. A pancake cannot be uncooked to turn it back to a liquid batter.

23 1. The prefixes /un/ and /ir/ mean not or opposite of. Circle two words above that have these prefixes. Write the meaning of the words. 2. Circle the word permanent. What does this word mean in the sentence? 3. How are reversible and irreversible changes alike? 4. How are reversible and irreversible changes different?

24 ANSWER KEY Classwork #1 Answers will vary. Homework #1 1. matter 2. texture 3. properties 4. mass 5. Answers will vary. Classwork #2 1. glue 2. pencil 3. paper 4. backpack 5. Answers will vary. Homework #2 Answers will vary. Classwork #3 Answers will vary. Homework #3 Wood: table, clothespins, doghouse Plastic: umbrella, ball, cube Glass: glass, cylinder, lenses Metal: nail, iron, lock Classwork #4 1. Drip water 2. Magnet 3. Drip water 4. Answers will vary. Homework #4 Discuss answers, as some of them may vary. Classwork #5 Answers will vary. Homework #6 Answers will vary. Classwork #6 Solid: Bowl/spoon Liquid: soup Gas: Steam Homework #6 Solids: ice, rock, pencil Liquids: water, milk, soup Gas: steam, oxygen, smoke 1. Gas 2. Solid 3. Liquid 4. Gas Classwork #7 1. Red 2. Blue 3. Red 4. Red 5. Blue Homework #7 1. The sun caused the crayons to melt. 2. The water was hot so it turned to a gas. Classwork #8 1. Irreversible 2. Irreversible 3. Reversible 4. Irreversible 5. Reversible Homework #8 1. unable: not able, undone: opposite of done, irreversible: not reversible 2. Permanent means cannot be undone. 3. Physical and chemical changes are alike because they change matter. 4. Reversible changes can be undone and irreversible changes cannot be undone.