Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 REVISION SHEETS Respiration
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1 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 REVISION SHEETS Respiration Fig. 1.1 shows structures in the human thorax. Fig 1.1 ( a ) Complete the table by identifying parts A,B and C and describing their roles in breathing in Part Name Role in breathin in A B C 1
2 Fig. 1.2 shows some cells from the lining of the bronchus. Fig 1.2 ( b ) (i) Explain how these cells help to keep the bronchus free from dust and bacteria. (ii) Describe how the actions of these cells would be affected by one named compound of tobacco smoke. 2
3 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 Heart Fig. 2.1 shows an external view of the heart and its blood vessels. ( a ) The coronary arteries supply heart tissue with useful substances. Coronary veins remove waste substances. (i) (ii) Fig 2.1 Name two useful substances the coronary arteries will supply Name one waste substances the coronary veins will remove. ( b ) The tissue forming the wall of the left ventricle responds when it is stimulated by Electrical impulses. (i) Name this type of tissue. 3
4 (ii) Describe how this tissue responds when stimulated. (iii) Describe the effect of the responses on the contents of the left ventricles. ( c ) The coronary arteries can become blocked with a fatly deposit, leading to a heart attack. (i) State two likely causes of this type of blockage (ii) A blockage occurs at point B in the coronary artery On Fig. 2.1 shade in the parts of the artery affected by this blockage. ( d ) Veins have different structures from arteries. State two features of veins and explain how these features enable them to function efficiently. 1. Features Explanation 4
5 2. Feature Explanation 5
6 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 Heart ( a ) Mammals have a double circulatory system. Explain what is meant by a double circulatory system. Fig. 3.1 shows sections of three blood vessels; an artery, a capillary and a vein. ( b ) State one function for each of the blood vessels shown in Fig.3.1 artery capillary 6
7 vein ( c ) Explain how the structure of the artery shown in Fig.3.1 is adapted to its function. ( d ) Explain how valves help the transport of blood in veins. 7
8 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 Multiple Choice. Respiration 1. Which structure is adapted for the diffusion of gases? A. alveolus B. diaphragm C. esophagus D. trachea 2. Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in human muscle? A. glucose carbon dioxide + ethanol ( alcohol ) B. glucose carbon dioxide + lactic acid C. glucose ethanol ( alcohol ) D. glucose lactic acid 8
9 3. The graph shows the rate and depth of breathing in a person before exercises. 9
10 4. Which process involves the release of energy from food substances in all living cells? A. breathing B. nutrition C. respiration D. transpiration 5. Why is yeast used in bread making? A. to provide alcohol B. to provide carbon dioxide C. to provide oxygen D. to provide lactic acid 6. Which features are present in gaseous exchange surfaces? 7. Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer? A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. nicotine D. tar 10
11 8. What describe anaerobic respiration? 9. What happens to the depth and rate of breathing during increased physical activity? 10. The diagram shows a gaseous exchange surface ( alveolus ) and part of a nearby capillary. A. increasing the thickness of alveolus wall B. increasing the surface area of alveolus wall C. lowering the concentration of oxygen in the alveolus D. slowing down the rate of breathing 11
12 11. Which chemical contains energy that is released in aerobic respiration? A. carbon dioxide B. glucose C. oxygen D. water 12. In an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are set up in a warm room, as shown in the diagram. 13. Which route is taken by air passing into the lungs of a human? A. Alveolus trachea bronchus B. Bronchus trachea alveolus C. Trachea alveolus bronchus D. Trachea bronchus alveolus 12
13 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 Transport in Human Multiple Choice. 1. The diagram shows the circulation of blood in the body, through the heart, lungs and other organs. What is the name of X? A. Left atrium ( auricle ) B. Right atrium ( auricle ) C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle 13
14 2. The diagram shows part of the human circulatory system. Which part carries oxygenated blood at low pressure? 3. Double circulation of the blood means that for every complete circuit of the body A. atria and ventricles contract alternately B. blood flows through the arteries and veins. C. blood flows through atria and ventricles. D. blood flows twice through the heart. 14
15 4. Which matches the component of blood to its function? 5. Which shows the functions of the parts of the blood? 6. The diagram shows blood as seen under a microscope. S R P Q 15
16 Which identifies parts P, Q, R and S of the blood? 7. The plan shows the blood system of a mammal. What does the part labeled X represent? A. Heart B. Kidneys C. liver D. lungs 16
17 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 ANSWERS Respiration Fig. 1.1 shows structures in the human thorax. gif 1.1 ( a ) Complete the table by identifying parts A,B and C and describing their roles in breathing in Part Name Role in breathing in A Ribs Rib cage is brought upwards and forwards B Intercostal muscles contract C diaphragm Contracts flattered downwards 1
18 Fig. 1.2 shows some cells from the lining of the bronchus. gif 1.2 ( b ) (i) Explain how these cells help to keep the bronchus free from dust and bacteria. Goblets cells secretes mucus which traps the dust and germs from the inhaling air. The cilia of ciliated epithelial cells beat and push the trapped dust towards the throat (ii) Describe how the actions of these cells would be affected by one named compound of tobacco smoke. Tar stimulates excess secretion of mucus and makes it thicker. It also destroys the cilia 2
19 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 ANSWERS Heart Fig. 2.1 shows an external view of the heart and its blood vessels. gif 2.1 ( a ) The coronary arteries supply heart tissue with useful substances. Coronary veins remove waste substances. (i) Name two useful substances the coronary arteries will supply. 1. Glucose 2. Oxygen (ii) Name one waste substances the coronary veins will remove. It will contract. ( b ) The tissue forming the wall of the left ventricle responds when it is stimulated by Electrical impulses. (i) Name this type of tissue. Cardiac muscle tissue. 3
20 (ii) Describe how this tissue responds when stimulated. It will contract (iii) Describe the effect of the responses on the contents of the left ventricles. Left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the aorta. ( c ) The coronary arteries can become blocked with a fatly deposit, leading to a heart attack. (i) State two likely causes of this type of blockage. Oxygen and food supply will be decreased and stopped (ii) A blockage occurs at point B in the coronary artery Causes death of muscle tissues. On Fig. 2.1 shade in the parts of the artery affected by this blockage. ( d ) Veins have different structures from arteries. State two features of veins and explain how these features enable them to function efficiently. 1. Features have valves Explanation Prevents the backflow of blood 4
21 2. Feature have thin walls Explanation To carry blood under low pressure. 5
22 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 ANSWERS Heart ( a ) Mammals have a double circulatory system. Explain what is meant by a double circulatory system. It is the circulation of blood on a trip around the body goes to the heart two lines, one through pulmonary and other through systemic circulation. Fig. 3.1 shows sections of three blood vessels; an artert, a capillary and a vein. Fig. 3.1 ( b ) State one function for each of the blood vessels shown in Fig.3.1 artery Carry blood under high pressure. capillary Form capillary bed and forms tissue fluid around body cells. vein carry blood towards the heart. 6
23 ( c ) Explain how the structure of the artery shown in Fig.3.1 is adapted to its function. Have thick wall to withstand high pressure. Have narrow human to maintain blood pressure. Have no valves, no need to prevent backflow of blood. ( d ) Explain how valves help the transport of blood in veins. Valves allows unidirections flow of blood and prevention backflow of blood. 7
24 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 ANSWERS Multiple Choice. Respiration 1. Which structure is adapted for the diffusion of gases? A. alveolus B. diaphragm C. oesophagus D. trachea 2. Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in human muscle? A. glucose carbon dioxide + ethanol ( alcohol ) B. glucose carbon dioxide + lactic acid C. glucose ethanol ( alcohol ) D. glucose lactic acid 8
25 3. The graph shows the rate and depth of breathing in a person before exercises. 9
26 4. Which process involves the release of energy from food substances in all living cells? A. breathing B. nutrition C. respiration D. transpiration 5. Why is yeast used in bread making? A. to provide alcohol B. to provide carbon dioxide C. to provide oxygen D. to provide lactic acid 6. Which features are present in gaseous exchange surfaces? 7. Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer? A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. nicotine D. tar 10
27 8. What describes anaerobic respiration? 9. What happens to the depth and rate of breathing during increased physical activity? 10. The diagram shows a gaseous exchange surface ( alveolus ) and part of a nearby capillary. A. increasing the thickness of alveolus wall B. increasing the surface area of alveolus wall C. lowering the concentration of oxygen in the alveolus D. slowing down the rate of breathing 11
28 11. Which chemical contains energy that is released in aerobic respiration? A. carbon dioxide B. glucose C. oxygen D. water 12. In an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are set up in a warm room, as shown in the diagram. 13. Which route is taken by air passing into the lungs of a human? A. Alveolus trachea bronchus B. Bronchus trachea alveolus C. Trachea alveolus bronchus D. Trachea bronchus alveolus 12
29 Third Term British Section BIOLOGY Grade 9 ANSWERS Transport in Human Multiple Choice. 1. The diagram shows the circulation of blood in the body, through the heart, lungs and other organs. What is the name of X? A. Left atrium ( auricle ) B. Right atrium ( auricle ) C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle 13
30 2. The diagram shows part of the human circulatory system. Which part carries oxygenated blood at low pressure? 3. Double circulation of the blood means that for every complete circuit of the body A. atria and ventricles contract alternately B. blood flows through the arteries and veins. C. blood flows through atria and ventricles. D. blood flows twice through the heart. 14
31 4. Which matches the component of blood to its function? 5. Which shows the functions of the parts of the blood? 6. The diagram shows blood as seen under a microscope. S R P Q 15
32 Which identifies parts P, Q, R and S of the blood? 7. The plan shows the blood system of a mammal. What does the part labeled X represent? A. Heart B. Kidneys C. liver D. lungs 16
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