Fuel Cell Systems. Ulf Groos. Head of Group»Fuel Cell Systems«Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2, Freiburg

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1 Fuel Cell Systems Ulf Groos Head of Group»Fuel Cell Systems«Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2, Freiburg

2 Overview Who we are and what we do Our laboratory equipment Some reference projects

3 Who we are and what we do

4 We comprise a lot of competences begin of activities on hydrogen and fuel cells Ca. 2 Mio. budget (2009) 7 engineers, 3 doctoral scientists, 4 doctoral students, ca. 15 students To our equipment belong: 50 channel impedance spectroscopy ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) ESEM with EDX (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) Climate chamber Several fuel cell test stands for micro and portable PEM fuel cells (NTand HT-PEMFC) up to 5 kw el power

5 PEM fuel cells are our profession. Planar, air breathing micro fuel cells (PEMFC, DMFC, DEFC) from 100 mw el to 10 W el Portable fuel cells (NT- & HT-PEMFC) for operation with hydrogen and reformate from 100 W el to 1 kw el System technology for membrane fuel cells from 100 mw el to 5 kw el

6 We are your competent R&D service institute for PEM fuel cells. Cell and stack design for a variety of materials System development including battery hybrids and hydrogen generation Characterization of stacks and systems at different operating modes and climate conditions Computational fluid dynamics and thermal simulation Modeling and simulation from micro scale to system scale Control strategies, control and power electronics Safety technology Standard test procedures according to IEC , -5 and -6 together with VDE testing institute Monitoring of field trials

7 We have a wide co-operation network with industry and science. Scientific co-operation with University of South Carolina (USA) Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy (Boston, USA) University of British Columbia (Vancouver, Kanada) Certification of fuel cells in co-operation with the VDE testing institute Selected customers and project partners: Bebro Electronic GmbH, Clean Mobile AG, DMTpe AG, Freudenberg Fuel Cell Component Technology ohg, FuMa-Tech GmbH, FWB Kunststofftechnik GmbH, inhouse engineering GmbH, Masterflex Brennstoffzellentechnik GmbH, Smart Electronic Development GmbH, SolviCore GmbH & Co KG, Solvis GmbH & Co KG

8 Our joint way to success. inquiry: project aims tasks for partners financial concept agreement: milestones financing intellectual property order / grant project meetings: every quarter personal briefings project end: transfer of results e.g. licenses e.g. follow-up projects specification: target specification tasks for partners quotation / proposal kick off: requirement specs action items mile stone I : results action items

9 Our laboratory equipment

10 Our multi-channel impedance spectroscopy enables the spatially resolved characterization of fuel cell parameters. Test rig for segmented single cells and cell characterization for stacks Synchronization of hardware (50 FRAs) Simultaneous measurement of»higher harmonics«lufteinlass Luftauslass

11 We analyze degradation. (I) ESEM Platinum Ex-situ analysis of components by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) Ruthenium

12 We analyze degradation. (II) Ex-situ analysis of product water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) concentration / μg/l DMFC 1700h 8% MeOH fresh Na Mg Al K Ca Cr Mn Fe Ni Cu Zn Ba Ru Pt Ion concentration in the product water of a DMFC

13 We analyze degradation. (III) In-situ experiments on cells, stacks and systems in an automated climate chamber (-40 C to + 95 C)

14 Selected reference projects

15 We understand the heart of the fuel cell. Bipolar plate Gas diffusion layer Cathode Membrane Anode ½O 2 +2H + +2e - ØH 2 O H 2 Ø2H + +2e - Gas diffusion layer Bipolar plate 2H + O 2 H 2 electro osmotic drag steam diffusion diffusion thermo osmosis ad-/ desorbtion condensation evaporation Channel flooding convection capillary diffusion Phase change induced flow Pore flooding: CL+MPL+GDL Research project of Fraunhofer ISE together with Fraunhofer ITWM, IMTEK, FZJ, DLR, ZSW as well as NRC-Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation, Queens University, Simon Fraser University, University of British Columbia, University of Victoria. supported by:

16 Multilayer ceramics enables miniaturized packaging. Hydrogen operated PEMFC (up to 4 W) Multilayer ceramics for mass production and direct integration of electronics, sensors and actors into the ceramic fuel cell Planar technology with air-breathing cathode Development of Fraunhofer ISE and IKTS

17 Passively operated micro fuel cell are optimized for portable ECG devices. 0,5 W DMFC Injection molding Passive evaporation of Methanol ECG electronics display Memory card panel ECG electrodes Hybrid battery fixing frame methanol cartridge with wicking material CO2 absorption vapor fed DMFC shut down device between tank and fuel cell air supply screws fuel cell electronics housing Development of Fraunhofer ISE and FWB Kunststofftechnik supported by:

18 Injection molding for mass production of micro fuel cells. DMFC with 0,5 to 2 W power Injection molding for mass production Planar technology for self-breathing operation Development of passive methanol supply by capillary forces Application for container tracking, industrial sensors, towel supply, etc. Development of Fraunhofer ISE and FWB Kunststofftechnik gefördert durch:

19 Direct ethanol fuel cells are an attractive technology for the future. Stack design with 4 air-breathing cells 700 mv, power > 10 mw/cm² Operation under environmental conditions is still ambitious high degradation Development of Fraunhofer ISE, ICT, IGB, IIS and IZM.

20 We develop reliable fuel cells for simple system integration. Fuel cell stack with 6 air-cooled single cells supported by:

21 We develop fuel cells ready for production. 100 W el Single cell cooling with cooling elements on both sides Integrated humdifier for anode and cathode gas Design optimized for assembling (no screws for stack contact pressure) Development of Fraunhofer ISE, Freudenberg FCCT and DMTpe. gefördert durch:

22 We like it hot. HT PEMFC with 25 W el power Short stack with 5 cells Open, air-cooled cathodes Fixing technology of the stack is patented by Fraunhofer ISE

23 We develop fuel cells for mobility. Automated fuel cell hybrid system for small traction (350 W el )

24 We develop control strategies including control and power electronics.

25 Our reformer fuel cell system operates with ethanol. Fuel cell Reformer Bio ethanol tanks Development of Fraunhofer ISE together with DMTpe, Schunk, Zentner and others. gefördert durch:

26 Our regenerative heating unit supplies power for houses from bioethanol. High temperature PEM fuel cell system (1 kwel) including ethanol reformer Development of Fraunhofer ISE together with Solvis GmbH & Co KG. gefördert durch:

27 We test and certify fuel cells according to international standards. DIN EN : Fuel Cell Technology Part 2: Fuel Cell Modules (2005) DIN EN : Fuel Cell Technology Part 5-1: Portable Fuel Cell Energy Systems Safety (2008) DIN IEC : Fuel Cell Technology - Part 6-1: Micro Fuel Cell Energy Systems Safety (Draft 2007) DIN EN : Fuel Cell Technology - Part 6-200: Micro Fuel Cell Energy Systems Performance (2008) DIN IEC : Fuel Cell Technology - Part 6-300: Micro Fuel Cell Energy Systems Interchangeability (Draft 2008) supported by:

28 and what can we do for you?