PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Az Agrármérnöki MSc szak tananyagfejlesztése TÁMOP /1/A
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1 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Az Agrármérnöki MSc szak tananyagfejlesztése TÁMOP /1/A
2 Water in Plants: Absorption, Transport and Transpiration
3 Overview 1. Water in the soil 2. Water absorption by roots 3. Water transport through the xylem 4. Transpiration: water movement from the leaf to the atmosphere
4 1. Water in the soil 1.1. Soil texture and soil water content 1.2. A negative hydrostatic pressure in soil water lowers soil water potential 1.3. Water moves through the soil by bulk flow
5 Classification of soil particles and some of their properties Source: Hopkins W.G., Hüner N.P.A. (2009): Introduction to Plant Physiology. p. 33.
6 Soil water potential as a function of the amount of water in clay, loam, and sandy soils Source: Salisbury F.B., Ross C.W. (1992): Plant Physiology. p. 107.
7 Main driving forces for water flow from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 86.
8 Root hairs intimate contact with soil particles and greatly amplify the surface area used for water absorption by the plant Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 87.
9 2. Water absorption by roots 2.1. Root hairs increase the surface area of the root 2.2. Water moves in the root via the apoplast, symplast, and transmembrane pathways 2.3. Solute accumulation in the xylem can generate root pressure
10 A) Root hairs enhance water uptake B) Root hairs increase the volume of soil that can be extracted of water by a root Source: Hopkins W.G., Hüner N.P.A. (2009): Introduction to Plant Physiology. p. 36.
11 The relationship between differentiation of root tissues and water uptake Source: Hopkins W.G., Hüner N.P.A. (2009): Introduction to Plant Physiology. p. 35.
12 (A) Rate of water uptake at various positions along a root (B) Water uptake when the entire root surface is equally permeable or (C) is impermeable in older regions due to the deposition of suberin Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 88.
13 Pathways (symplast, transmembrane and apoplast) for water uptake by the root Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 89.
14 Water-selective pores formed by integral membrane proteins such as aquaporins Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 80.
15 Plant aquaporins are found in the plasma (PIP) and tonoplast (TIP) membranes Source: Hopkins W.G., Hüner N.P.A. (2009): Introduction to Plant Physiology. p. 14.
16 3. Water transport through the xylem 3.1. The xylem consists of two types of tracheary elements 3.2. Water moves through the xylem by pressuredriven bulk flow 3.3. The cohesion-tension theory explains water transport in the xylem
17 Structural comparison of tracheids and vessel elements Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 91.
18 The driving force for water movement through plants originates in leaves Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 94.
19 4. Transpiration: water movement from the leaf to the atmosphere 4.1. The driving force for transpiration is the difference in water vapor concentration 4.2. Stomatal control couples leaf transpiration to leaf photosynthesis 4.3. The cell walls of guard cells have specialized features 4.4. An increase in guard cell turgor pressure opens the stomata 4.5. The transpiration ratio measures the relationship between water loss and carbon gain
20 Water pathway through the leaf Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 97.
21 The radial alignment of the cellulose microfibrils in guard cells and epidermal cells of (A) a kidney-shaped stoma and (B) a grasslike stoma Source: Taiz L., Zeiger E. (2010): Plant Physiology. p. 101.
22 Two balloons representing a guard cell pair, masking tape represents radial micellation Source: Salisbury F.B., Ross C.W. (1992): Plant Physiology. p. 78.
23 Quantitative changes in K + concentrations and the ph values of the vacuoles making up the stomatal complex Source: Salisbury F.B., Ross C.W. (1992): Plant Physiology. p. 79.
24 Summary The water content and rate of movement in soils depends on soil type and structure. Root hairs play a key role in water uptake of plants. Xylem conduits provide a low-resistance pathway for the transport of water. Water is pulled from the xylem into the cell walls of mesophyll before evaporating into the leaf's air space. Opening and closing of the stomatal pore is acomplished and controlled by guard cells.
25 Questions What is the role of root hairs in water uptake? How the water is absorbed and moved from soil to plant's canopy? What transpiration types exist in plant kingdom?
26 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Next lecture: Water status of plant, and influence of extreme water supply Compiled by: Prof. Vince Ördög Dr. Zoltán Molnár
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