Population Switzerland s population. Neuchâtel, 2013

Transcription

1 01 Population Switzerland s population 2012 Neuchâtel, 2013

2 A brief overview of important trends At the end of 2012, the permanent resident population totalled 8,039,060 persons, which corresponded to an increase of 84,398 persons (+1.1%) compared with ,869,969 foreign citizens accounted for 23.3% of Switzerland s total permanent resident population. In 2012 nearly all cantons reported population increases. Nine Swiss cantons registered a population increase above the national average. The cantons of Fribourg, Thurgau, Valais and Aargau grew the most. In 2012, the number of marriages (+1.4%) increased slightly, as did the number of registered partnerships (+3.4%). The number of live births grew (+1.7%) to reach 82,164. In 2012, 20.2% of all live births were to unwed mothers. The number of divorces in 2012 remained stable compared to the previous year and amounted to 17,550. The ageing of the population continues from year to year. In 2012, the proportion of persons 65 or older of the total population grew to 17.4% persons are 100 years or older. Life expectancy at birth rose slightly for men (80.5 years) and for women it remained unchanged (84.7 years). 2

3 Population composition Permanent resident population at the end of 2012 Total Men Women Swiss Foreigners Total 8,039,060 3,968,524 4,070,536 6,169,091 1,869,969 Age 0 19 years 1,643, , ,702 1,260, , years 2,143,593 1,082,521 1,061,072 1,443, , years 2,853,542 1,434,143 1,419,399 2,212, , years 1,007, , , , , years 389, , , ,904 25, years and over 1, ,167 1, Source: STATPOP Youth and old-age dependency ratio, G Youth dependency ratio Old-age dependency ratio In 1900, there were 76 young people under age 20 and 10 persons 65 or older for every 100 persons of working age (ages 20 64). This ratio has changed significantly: in 2012, there were only 33 young people and 28 persons 65 or older for every 100 of working age. Thus, the old-age dependency ratio has almost tripled while the youth-dependency ratio has halved. This link between generations is especially influenced by the ageing of the population; this trend is caused by falling birth rates coupled with steadily increasing life expectancy. Youth dependency ratio = Old-age dependency ratio = Persons aged 0 19 years Persons aged years Persons aged 65+ years Persons aged years 3

4 Switzerland s age pyramid Age pyramid of the permanent resident population by sex, at the end of 1962 G 2 Age Men Number of persons Women Age pyramid of the permanent resident population by sex, at the end of 2012 G 3 Age Men Women Number of persons During the course of the last century, Switzerland s population structure underwent an enduring transformation due to a decline in birth and mortality rates as well as major immigration waves during the second half of the 20th century. The age pyramid is increasingly fir tree-shaped. The baby boom generation of the 1960s is now around 50 years old, which explains why this age group has gained in importance. As a result of higher life expectancy, the number of elderly people has risen: in 2012, some 390,663 persons were 80 or older, compared with 88,921 persons in But the number of people under age 20 has decreased: 1,837,938 in 1962 against 1,643,307 in

5 Permanent foreign resident population Permanent foreign resident population by nationality, Nationality Total 1 913,497 1,127,109 1,424,370 1,869,969 Germany 87,389 84, , ,172 France 48,002 51,729 61, ,022 Italy 423, , , ,822 Austria 31,986 29,123 29,191 38,761 Spain 98, ,987 84,266 69,437 Portugal 10,863 86, , ,945 Serbia and Montenegro 190,940 Serbia 98,672 Montenegro 2,115 Kosovo 79,261 Croatia 43,876 31,487 Bosnia and Herzegovina 45,111 33,574 Macedonia 56,092 61,668 Yugoslavia 44, ,397 5,507 Turkey 38,353 64,899 80,165 70,845 Europe 859, ,760 1,261,975 1,591,747 Africa 10,539 20,291 37,618 78,156 America 20,838 29,149 49,687 77,736 Asia, Oceania 22,829 40,649 74, ,279 1 Incl. unknown Sources: PETRA (until 2010), STATPOP (from 2011) In 2012, 1,869,969 foreign citizens lived in Switzerland (23.3% of the permanent resident population). Almost two-thirds (63.7%) came from a EU27 or EFTA country. The permanent foreign resident population registered an increase of 3.0% (+53,975 persons) compared to the previous year. 5

6 Population by place of birth Permanent resident population by place of birth and duration of residence, 2012 G 4 100% 80% * % % % % Total Swiss Foreigners Native-born * 0 4 years = 0.4% 5 9 years = 0.4% years = 1.1% Foreign-born 0 4 years 5 9 years years 20+ years No indication In % of the population was born in Switzerland, of whom 5,455,077 where Swiss and 365,538 foreign citizens. 11.6% (714,014 persons) of the Swiss citizens were born in a foreign country. One fifth of foreign citizens with a permit to reside in Switzerland for 12 months or longer (20.0%) were born in the country. Among the foreign residents born abroad, 45.6% have been living in Switzerland for at least 10 years. 6

7 Acquisition of Swiss citizenship The acquisition of Swiss citizenship by foreign citizens has an impact on the nationality distribution of the resident population: as a result of their naturalization, these persons are added to the resident population with Swiss citizenship. Acquisition of Swiss citizenship, Total 43,440 39,314 36,012 33,500 Men 20,478 18,553 16,823 15,935 Women 22,962 20,761 19,189 17,565 Nationality Europe 33,795 30,458 27,769 25,778 of which: EU-27 countries 15,816 14,190 14,180 13,905 Africa 2,627 2,499 2,337 2,417 America 2,229 2,015 2,023 1,850 Asia 4,710 4,261 3,788 3,349 Oceania/Stateless/No indication Sources: PETRA (until 2010), STATPOP (from 2011) Acquisition of Swiss citizenship, G 5 Number of persons % % % % % % % % Acquisition of Swiss citizenship Raw number of naturalization Raw number of naturalization The annual number of new Swiss citizens grew in the 1990s but since 2007 continuously decreases. In 1990, 8658 foreign citizens were naturalized, in 2006 their number reached 46,711 but in 2012 only 33,500 persons acquired a Swiss passport. Nearly half of them (46.2%) were under out of 100 foreigners living in Switzerland were granted Swiss citizenship in This is a relatively small percentage compared to other countries. 7

8 International migrations International migrations are changes of residence that involve crossing a national boundary. International migration, * Immigration 160, , , ,051 Swiss 22,354 22,283 24,104 24,006 Foreigners 138, , , ,045 Emigration 86,036 96,839 96, ,881 Swiss 26,800 26,311 29,756 30,026 Foreigners 59,236 70,528 66,738 73,855 Net migration 74,587 64,939 52,305 45,170 Swiss - 4,446-4,028-5,652-6,020 Foreigners 79,033 68,967 57,957 51,190 Sources: ESPOP (until 2010), STATPOP (from 2011) Immigration and emigration of the permanent resident population, * G 6 Number of persons Immigration Emigration * Until 2010 incl. change of status and switchers from the asylum process 8

9 Natural population change By natural population change, we mean events that increase or diminish naturally the size of the population, i.e. live births and deaths. Live births, Total 78,286 80,290 80,808 82,164 Boys 40,407 41,111 41,626 42,435 Girls 37,879 39,179 39,182 39,729 Age of the mother at the birth of her child less than 20 years years 6,846 6,938 6,616 6, years 19,393 19,773 19,721 19, years 28,445 29,652 29,903 31, years and over 22,955 23,346 24,059 24,488 Average age at maternity Average number of children per woman , TFR (Total fertility rate) Source: BEVNAT Live births by marital status of the mother, G Number of live births Mother married Mother not married Women are increasingly postponing the age of childbirth. Whereas in 1970, year-olds still accounted for 65.3% of births, by 2012 the proportion was only 31.7%, whereas 61.6% of live births were accounted for by women aged Most women giving birth in 2012 were married. However, the percentage of births outside marriage increased from 3.8% in 1970 to 20.2% in Together with this rise, acknowledgements of paternity have also increased. 9

10 Paternity acknowledgements, G Before birth After birth Until 2005, the majority of children were acknowledged after their birth. Since then this trend has been reversed. In 2012 the number of paternity acknowledgements was 5 times greater than in In fact, it grew from 3061 to 16,234 cases in about 30 years. This increase has taken place alongside the rise in the number of births outside of marriage (3496 in 1980 compared with 16,577 in 2012). 57.7% of children had their paternity acknowledged by their fathers prior to birth. Deliveries, Total 1 73,247 83,316 77,600 82,514 Single 72,486 82,336 76,490 79,308 Multiple ,110 1,588 Twins ,079 1,559 Others Incl. both live and stillbirths Source: BEVNAT The share of multiple deliveries has doubled over the last 30 years, from 1.0% in 1980 to 2.0% in Most cases involve the birth of twins. 10

11 Deaths A component of natural population change, deaths are a natural cause of population reduction. Mortality represents the occurrence of death in a given population. Life expectancy represents the average number of years that a group of individuals can expect to live. Deaths, Total 62,476 62,649 62,091 64,173 Men 30,028 30,283 30,094 30,697 Women 32,448 32,366 31,997 33,476 Age 0 years years years 1, years 8,123 8,139 7,802 7, years 15,996 15,881 15,900 15, years 36,047 36,421 36,132 38, years and over Infant mortality rate Life expectancy at birth Men Women Deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 live births Source: BEVNAT Whereas the total number of deaths remained relatively stable during the last 30 years, changes in the age structure of the deceased are telling. The proportion of deaths before the age of 65 has greatly decreased and in 2012 it concerned 14.5% of cases, compared to 22,4% in On the other hand, the proportion of deaths among persons aged 75 and over has greatly increased. Among the 85-plus age group, this rise is especially pronounced. In 2012, 44.5% of the deceased were 85 or older; in 1980, only a fifth belonged to that age group. 11

12 Deaths by age and sex, G 9 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Men Women years and over years years years years Less than 50 years Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth in Switzerland is currently one of the highest in the world, resulting from a significant rise during the 20th century. It has almost doubled since 1900: from 46.2 to 80.5 years for men and from 48.8 to 84.7 years for women. Nevertheless a gradual slowing-down of this trend can be observed. The difference between the two sexes has been decreasing for years and in 2012 was 4.2 years. Life expectancy at birth, G 10 Age (in years) Men Women 12

13 Marital status, marriage and divorce Demographic events such as marriage and divorce affect a person's marital status. These changes in a person's marital status have no influence on the size of the population, but they do affect the composition of the population. Population statistics differentiate between seven forms of civil status: single, married, divorced, widowed, unmarried (as a result of a declaration of invalidity of a previous union or a declaration of disappearance of the previous partner), in registered partnership and dissolved partnership. Permanent resident population by sex and marital status, 2012 G 11 Number of persons Single Married Divorced Widowed Men Women Bound by a registered partnership: men, 3491 women Partnership dissolved: 415 men, 240 women Unmarried: 181 men, 321 women At the end of 2012, single and married persons were more or less equally distributed between both sexes (proportion of men among single persons: 53.1%, among married persons: 50.5%). Among the divorcees, women represent a slightly greater share (57.6%). More significant differences were seen among widowed persons: the percentage of women is 81.5%. The reasons for this are the higher life expectancy of women and greater propensity of men to remarry. The share of divorced persons in the total population rose from 1.9% in 1970 to 7.9% today. 13

14 Marriages, Total 41,918 43,257 42,083 42,654 Men of whom: single 31,958 33,160 32,196 33,145 widowed divorced 1 9,401 9,601 9,404 8,996 Women of whom: single 33,239 34,367 33,480 34,276 widowed divorced 1 8,337 8,561 8,301 8,064 Average age at first marriage Men Women Incl. other marital status Source: BEVNAT Marriages by citizenship, G % 80% 60% % 20% % Swiss men/swiss women Foreign men/swiss women Swiss men/foreign women Foreign men/foreign women In 2012, 42,654 marriages were contracted. Two thirds of all marriages (29,487) were between two single persons (=first marriage). In 13,167 marriages, at least one of the spouses was not previously single, and their share of marriages has more than doubled in the last 40 years. For several decades, there has been a rise in the number of marriages in which at least one of the spouses is a foreign citizen. In 2012, this was the case for almost half of all marriages (20,969, 49.2%) of which 15,155 (35.5% of the total) were between a Swiss and a foreign citizen. In most cases the foreign partner comes from a neighbouring state: 1261 Swiss men married a German woman and 1031 Swiss women married an Italian man. 14

15 Divorces, Total 19,321 22,081 17,566 17,550 Duration of marriage years 2,026 2,454 2,073 2, years 5,462 6,117 4,795 4, years 3,598 4,087 3,162 3, years 2,953 3,216 2,543 2, years and over 5,282 6,207 4,993 5,049 Average duration of marriage at time of divorce (in years) Calculation: year of the divorce minus year of the marriage Source: BEVNAT 2 Divorces: break in series due to use of a new data source Divorces with and without children under 18 years, G % 80% 60% % 20% % Divorces with children under 18 years Divorces without minors In 2012, 17,550 divorces were registered. Most divorces occur when both the man and the woman are aged between 40 and 49. Divorce appears to occur particularly frequently in the seventh year of marriage (6.3%), but an increasing number of couples who have been married for more than 19 years are getting divorced (28.8%). If current behavior regarding divorce was to continue in the future, 2 out of 5 couples would at some point in their lives end up by getting a divorce of these divorces (44.9%) directly affected 12,703 children under 18 (minors). The relative share of divorces with minor children has been relatively stable since

16 Population of the cantons Permanent resident population by canton, Permanent resident population Permanent foreign resident population Old-age dependency ratio (%) 1 Permanent resident population Permanent foreign resident population Old-age dependency ratio (%) 1 Switzerland 7, , ,039,060 1,869, Zurich 1,392, , ,408, , Bern 985, , , , Lucerne 381,966 64, ,082 65, Uri 35,382 3, ,693 3, Schwyz 147,904 27, ,830 28, Obwalden 35,885 4, ,115 4, Nidwalden 41,311 4, ,584 5, Glarus 39,217 8, ,369 8, Zug 115,104 28, ,575 29, Fribourg 284,668 54, ,395 58, Solothurn 256,990 50, ,283 51, Basel-Stadt 186,255 61, ,425 62, Basel-Landschaft 275,360 54, ,537 55, Schaffhausen 77,139 18, ,955 18, Appenzell Rh.-Ext. 53, ,438 7, Appenzell Rh.-Int. 15,743 1, ,717 1, St. Gallen 483, , , , Graubünden 193,388 32, ,920 33, Aargau 618, , , , Thurgau 251,973 55, ,213 58, Ticino 336,943 88, ,652 91, Vaud 725, , , , Valais 317,022 67, ,732 69, Neuchâtel 173,183 40, ,554 41, Geneva 460, , , , Jura 70,542 8, ,942 9, Ratio of persons aged 65 years and older to persons aged between 20 and 64 Source: STATPOP With one exception, all Swiss cantons registered in 2012 population growth particularly Fribourg (+2.4%), followed by Thurgau (+1.7%), Valais and Aargau (+1.5%). Nine cantons are above the Swiss average of +1.1%. Only the canton of Appenzell Rh.-Int. (-0.2%) has lost inhabitants. 16

17 Natural population change in the cantons Natural population change in the cantons, 2012 Live births Deaths Marriages Divorces 1 Switzerland 82,164 64,173 42,654 17,550 Zurich 15,794 10,500 8,734 3,326 Bern 9,658 9,302 5,120 2,286 Lucerne 4,087 2,928 2, Uri Schwyz 1,578 1, Obwalden Nidwalden Glarus Zug 1, Fribourg 3,131 1,875 1, Solothurn 2,401 2,270 1, Basel-Stadt 1,905 2, Basel-Landschaft 2,494 2,312 1, Schaffhausen Appenzell Rh.-Ext Appenzell Rh.-Int St. Gallen 4,958 3,937 2, Graubünden 1,645 1, Aargau 6,404 4,497 3,206 1,241 Thurgau 2,425 1,884 1, Ticino 2,839 2,998 1, Vaud 8,211 5,552 3,609 1,679 Valais 3,045 2,481 1, Neuchâtel 1,784 1, Geneva 5,030 3,151 2,451 1,209 Jura Divorces: break in series due to use of a new data source Source: BEVNAT The year 2012 was characterised by an increase in births (+1.7%), deaths (+3.4%) and marriages (+1.4%), while divorces remained stable (-0.1%). 19 cantons reported an increase in births and 20 in deaths. The cantons of Zurich and Vaud had the highest natural population growth; only Basel-Stadt, Glarus, Schaffhausen, Graubünden and Ticino registered negative natural growth, meaning more deaths than births. A decline in the number of marriages was recorded in 6 cantons. 17

18 Switzerland in international comparison Main indicators for different European countries, 2012 Switzerland Belgium Germany France Italy Population (in 1000) 1 8,039 11,095 81, ,394 Share of the population under 15 years (in %) Share of the population 65 or older (in %) Share of foreigners (in %) Average number of children per woman Life expectancy at birth (in years) 3 Men Women Net migration (per 1000 persons) Marriages (per 1000 persons) Divorces (per 1000 persons) Netherlands Austria Portugal United Kingdom Population (in 1000) 1 16,730 8,443 10,542 63,457 Share of the population under 15 years (in %) Share of the population 65 or older (in %) Share of foreigners (in %) Average number of children per woman Life expectancy at birth (in years) 3 Men Women Net migration (per 1000 persons) Marriages (per 1000 persons) Divorces (per 1000 persons) January 1, TFR (Total fertility rate): Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, United Kingdom: Italy, Portugal: 2011, United Kingdom: Italy: 2010, Germany, France, Portugal, United Kingdom: 2011 Sources: Switzerland: FSO; other countries: Eurostat, on October 3, 2013

19 Swiss living abroad Swiss living abroad by country of domicile, Total 527, , , , ,710 Europe 326, , , , ,423 France 137, , , , ,615 Germany 65,664 67,728 71,115 77,827 80,715 Italy 36,821 41,140 46,327 49,187 50,091 United Kingdom 22,606 25,043 26,441 29,505 30,452 Africa 16,650 17,467 18,017 20,008 20,699 America 143, , , , ,129 United States 62,793 67,929 71,773 75,252 76,330 Canada 32,218 34,192 36,204 39,186 38,959 Argentina 14,163 14,546 14,931 15,690 15,767 Asia 19,845 24,167 30,378 41,466 45,792 Oceania 22,077 25,104 27,363 29,993 30,667 Source: STATPOP Swiss living abroad by country of domicile, 2012 G 14 2,2% 5,4% 10,7% 6,3% 2,9% 6,4% 4,3% 13,2% 7,0% 4,3% 26,1% 11,3% France Germany Italy United Kingdom Rest of Europe Africa United States Canada Argentina Rest of America Asia Oceania Around 715,710 Swiss citizens lived abroad temporarily or permanently in This is roughly equivalent to the population of the canton of Vaud. Three-fifths of the Swiss living abroad lived in Europe most of them in France, Germany and Italy. One quarter of the Swiss citizens resided in America (primarily in the United States and Canada). The number of Swiss living abroad continues to increase every year. 19

20 Further information Current population statistics are mainly based on two data sources: BEVNAT (Vital Statistics) provides data on births, deaths, marriages, registered partnerships, divorces, adoptions and acknowledgements of paternity. Additional information on BEVNAT: à Data Library à Surveys, Sources à Vital statistics (BEVNAT) à Overview STATPOP (Population and Households Statistics), which is part of the annual system of census since 2010, provides data on the size and composition of the resident population in Switzerland as well as on migration and the acquisition of Swiss citizenship, in the cantons, districts and communes. Additional information on STATPOP: à Data Library à Surveys, Sources à Population and Households Statistics (STATPOP) à Overview Electronic Publications In the interactive application STAT-TAB, you will find cubes about STATPOP and BEVNAT which will allow you to create your own personalised tables (available in German and French): à Population Additional detailed information, texts and tables are published on our website: à Topics à Population The newsletter Demos (demographic information) of the FSO appears 3 times per year (available in German and French). à Topics à Population à Look it up! à Newsletter Information Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Demography and migration info.dem@bfs.admin.ch Tel Orders Order number: Tel Fax order@bfs.admin.ch Cover photo FSO; concept: Netthoevel & Gaberthüel, Biel Photograph: Bundeskanzlei Béatrice Devènes, Dominic Büttner 20