Table of Contents. Date Title Page # /29/14 Ch 8: Muscular System 12 03/03/14 Ch 9: Nervous System /27/14 Ch 7: Skeletal System

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1 i # Table of Contents Date Title Page # 1. 01/27/14 Ch 7: Skeletal System /29/14 Ch 8: Muscular System 12 03/03/14 Ch 9: Nervous System 66 1

2 03/17/14 Ch. 9 Nervous System 76 describe the components of a reflex arc in order to demonstrate and analyze stretch reflexes in humans. Why might an anesthesiologist initiate a reflex in a patient being anesthetized? Why might a doctor check your reflexes after an injury? Reflexes

3 Compare/Contrast to Muscle Muscle fiber is to Muscle as a Neuron is to a Nerve Nerve 9.9 3

4 03/18/14 Ch. 9 Nervous System 72 describe neuronal pools and distinguish between convergence and divergence in order to explain how impulses are processed. Impulse Processing (9.8) Neuronal Pools Neurons w/in CNS organized into pools in which they make hundreds of connections w/ each other and work together for 1 function. Input received Output generated Excitatory or Inhibitory Facilitation If net effect of input is: excitatory = threshold = excitatory inhibitory = inhibits impulse excitatory, but subthreshold=facilitation Convergence makes possible additive effect (eg. subthreshold from each of two neurons, but together = threshold allows nervous system to collect a variety of kinds of sensory info, process it and respond in a special way Divergence can amplify an impulse, spreading it to more neurons w/in the pool, eg: cause forceful reaction in muscle, or stimulate several regions of CNS from one sensory receptor impulse processing 9.8 4

5 03/19/14 Ch. 9 Nervous System 72 describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Meninges (9.11) pia mater very thin, contains many nerves/blood vessels, follows surface closely arachnoid mater thin, web-like without blood vessels, middle of the maters, does not follow surface closely dura mater outermost layer, tough, white, fibrous connective tissue with many blood vessels and nerves. Attaches to inside of cranial cavity, forms internal periosteum of skull. Will sometimes extend inward b/w lobes of brain and form partitions. Extends into vertebral canal and forms tubular sheath around the spinal cord. A subdural hematoma may occur following a blow to the head if blood vessels are broken and blood collects beneath the dura mater. Why is this of concern? meninges

6 03/20/14 72 Ch. 9 Nervous System describe the structure of the spinal cord in order to explain spinal cord functions. Spinal Cord (9.12) Structure Thoracic branch Sacral branch Function 2 major functions: conducting nerve impulses serving as a center for reflexes ascending descending Spinal Cord

7 03/18/14 Ch. 9 Nervous System 26 distinguish between the 2 types of cells that comprise the nervous tissue and describe the structures of both. The nervous system provides 3 general functions: sensory, integrative, and motor. What are two types of motor functions in the PNS? What is the relationship between myelin and the white and gray matter of the brain? Based on the reading last night, which type of neuroglial cell did I NOT mention in class yesterday? What is its function? Most capillaries in the body are "leaky", allowing small molecules to enter and leave the bloodstream. This is not the case in the CNS. What is this specialized architecture called? What benefits does this provide the CNS? What could be a detriment to having this? For years and years we taught that nervous tissue could not regenerate. How is this statement both true and false? Intro Ch 9 Nervous System 7

8 03/25/14 Ch. 9 Nervous System 79 Objective: Students will be able to identify and describe the major parts and functions of the brain and distinguish among motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex. Sheep Brain Dissection General Observations: Compare sheep to human brain: Similarities Differences (Insert handouts: Brain Color Sheet and Minilab) (Insert handouts: Color Sheet Practice, and #28 Brain and Cranial Nerves) Intro Ch 9 Nervous System 8