SENSES UNIT OVERVIEW THE BIG IDEA. Other topics SPARK. Materials

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1 SENSES UNIT OVERVIEW Humas use five seses to gather iformatio about the world aroud them: sight, taste, hearig, smell, ad touch. The uit helps studets explore how ad why humas use their five seses. It addresses the body parts used for each sese as well as how these seses commuicate with the brai to make meaig of the icomig iformatio. The uit also addresses how each sese keeps us safe. Certai readig resources are provided at three readig levels withi the uit to support differetiated istructio. Other resources are provided as a set, with differet titles offered at each readig level. Dots o studet resources idicate the readig level as follows: low readig level middle readig level high readig level THE BIG IDEA SPARK All aimals have seses. Some have a very acute sese of visio, hearig, or smell. But what makes humas uique as a species is our ability to make iformed, itelliget decisios based upo the iformatio we gather through our seses. We also react emotioally to sesatios, such as a pleasat smell, a bothersome oise, or a soothig soud. It is importat for studets to appreciate ad protect their seses so they ca lear from the world aroud them ad have a lifetime full of rich experieces. Other topics This uit also addresses topics such as: usig oe s seses for safety, sig laguage, optical illusios, ad aimal seses. The spark is desiged to get studets thikig about the uit s topics ad to geerate curiosity ad discussio. Materials three shoe boxes with lids sliced lemos scissors popped popcor marker chocolate Learig A Z All rights reserved. 1

2 UNIT GUIDE Activity Before class, prepare each shoe box by cuttig a hole i oe side just large eough for studets to put a had iside. Place oe of the aromatic foods (lemo, popcor, chocolate) i each box ad place the lid o firmly. Label the boxes A, B, ad C. Display the boxes for studets with the holes facig away from their eyes. It is recommeded that studets wash their hads first if the sese of touch or taste will be used. Challege studets to idetify the cotets of each box without lookig i it. You ca allow studets to explore the cotets with all seses besides visio. Or you might break the class ito four groups ad allow each group to use just oe sese: hearig, tastig, smellig, or touchig. Have studets aouce or record their guesses o paper for boxes A, B, ad C. Discuss studet resposes ad determie whether certai seses were more effective tha others at idetifyig the mystery objects. The reveal the cotets of the boxes. Explai to studets that they will be readig ad learig more about seses i the weeks to come. May of the uit s vocabulary terms are related to the spark activity ad ca be itroduced durig the spark. For vocabulary work, see the Vocabulary sectio i this Uit Guide. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE Ivite studets to explai their uderstadig of huma seses. Probig Questios to Thik About Use these questios to guide a large-group discussio or put studets ito dialogue groups to discuss their resposes. What are seses? What are your five seses? Which of your seses do you thik you use most? Which of your seses do you ejoy usig most? Which parts of your body do you use for each sese? Which sese ca be used by the most parts of the body? Do aimals have seses? Do plats have seses? Do you kow ayoe who has trouble usig oe of his or her seses? Ca you tell us whether he or she does aythig differetly tha you do? Do you thik there are ay other seses besides seeig, smellig, hearig, tastig, ad feelig? Tell studets they will lear more about these topics soo. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 2

3 (ou) WORD CARD (adjective) WORD CARD (ou) WORD CARD Cut or Fold DEFINITION CARD DEFINITION CARD DEFINITION CARD Learig A Z, Ic. All rights reserved. UNIT GUIDE UNIT MATERIALS Each uit provides a wide variety of resources related to the uit topic. Studets may read books ad other passages, work i groups to complete hads-o experimets ad ivestigatios, discuss sciece ideas as a class, watch videos, complete writig tasks, ad take assessmets. Resources are available for pritig or projectig, ad may studet resources are also available for studets to access digitally o. Selected uit resources are available i more tha oe laguage. For a complete list of materials provided with the uit, see the uit page o the Sciece A Z website. VOCABULARY brai deaf the body part that rus the body s activities able to hear little or othig at all Use the terms below for vocabulary developmet throughout the uit. They ca be foud i boldface i the Nofictio Book, the Quick Reads, ad/or other uit resources. These terms ad defiitios are available o Vocabulary Cards for studet practice. Additioal vocabulary lists are provided i the teachig tips for Ivestigatio Packs ad FOCUS Books. ears the body parts that let a huma hear Core Sciece Terms These terms are crucial to uderstadig the uit. ears eyes hearig ose seses sight ski smell taste togue the body parts that let a huma hear the body parts that let a huma see the sese that lets a huma hear souds the body part that lets a huma smell sight, hearig, touch, taste, ad smell the sese that lets a huma see the body part that lets a huma touch ad feel the sese that lets a huma receive odors ad scets the sese that lets a huma experiece flavors the body part i the mouth that lets a huma taste touch the sese that lets a huma feel objects, temperatures, ad more Other Key Sciece Terms The followig vocabulary is ot essetial for comprehedig the uit but may erich studets vocabulary. brai deaf feel the body part that rus the body s activities able to hear little or othig at all to be aware of somethig by touchig it Learig A Z All rights reserved. 3

4 UNIT GUIDE flavor erves optical illusio sese orga souds taste buds the taste of a food or drik the parts of the body that sed iformatio to the brai a image that tricks the mid ito seeig somethig differetly tha it really is a body part that respods to iformatio from the outside world oises that ca be heard with the ears small bumps o the togue that give iformatio about taste Credit: Jupiterimages Corporatio Name Date 1 2 smell ears eyes togue ose hearig Across 1. the body part that lets a huma smell 4. the sese that lets a huma hear souds 6. the sese that lets a huma receive odors ad scets Name Date Credits (top to bottom): 1, 3, 5: Jupiterimages Corporatio; 2: istock/kataria Drpic; 4: istock/reee Lee SENSES Fill i the Blak seses ears sight touch taste 1. I use my to hear the bird sig. 2. Do you like the of apple juice or orage juice more? 3. I use all five of my at a picic with my family. 4. You will bur your ski if you a hot pa. 5. I use my sese of to see the pretty suset. Dow 2. the body parts that let a huma hear 3. the body part i the mouth that lets a huma taste 5. the body parts that let a huma see Learig A Z All rights reserved. Teacher Istructios: Have studets fill i each blak with the correct word from the list. Studets should use each word oce. Learig A Z All rights reserved. brai sight Credits: Jupiterimages Corporatio togue Learig A Z All rights reserved. SENSES Crossword Name Date Vocabulary words ose Which word souds the same? hose ot Which word starts with the same soud? Teacher Istructios: Read each vocabulary term with studets ad discuss its meaig. Have studets use each word from the box oce. Use the vocabulary word i a setece. I smell the flowers with my ose. SENSES Wordplay kite top hose rai youg bread ot sig Vocabulary Activities You may choose to itroduce all the terms that will be ecoutered i the uit before assigig ay of the readig compoets. Vocabulary Cards with the key sciece terms ad defiitios are provided. Dots o the cards idicate the readig levels of the Nofictio Book or the Quick Reads i which each term ca be foud. If all level dots appear, the term may come from aother resource i the uit. Studets ca use these cards to review ad practice the terms i small groups or pairs. The cards ca also be used for ceter activity games such as Cocetratio. The Word Work activity sheets offer fu puzzles ad practice with key vocabulary terms from the uit. For further vocabulary practice ad reiforcemet, you ca choose from the vocabulary Graphic Orgaizers. To build customized vocabulary lessos with terms related to the topic, see. Studets ca use the Word Smart vocabulary Graphic Orgaizer to orgaize iformatio o the sciece terms. You may wat to assig each studet oe to three words to share his or her Word Smart kowledge with classmates. Studets who have the same word should first compare their Word Smart sheets with each other ad the report to the larger group. The sciece terms ca be used i oral practice. Have studets use each term i a spoke setece. As studets read, ecourage them to create a sciece dictioary by recordig ew vocabulary terms ad defiitios i their SAZ Joural. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 4

5 Writte by Katie Kight UNIT GUIDE BACKGROUND ad MISCONCEPTIONS Use this sectio as a resource for more backgroud kowledge o uit cotet ad to clarify the cotet for studets if miscoceptios arise. Refer to Usig the Iteret below for more ways to exted the learig. Q: Is the sese of touch oly experieced with the hads? A: No. Although this sese is ofte depicted by images of hads, we ca experiece this sese with ay part of our ski. We ca feel a tickle o our feet, a itch o our leg, or warmth o our face. We ca eve feel wid blowig through the hair o our scalp. Q: Does the ose cotrol the sese of smell? A: Like other sese orgas, the ose gathers iformatio from the outside world. But i order to make meaig of a smell (or ay other sesory iformatio from aother orga), sigals must be set via erves to the brai to iterpret what was sesed. No sese is experieced by sesory orgas aloe. Q: How accurate is the togue map showig that distict areas o the togue are sesitive to certai tastes? A: While the togue map was commoly accepted for decades, recet research idicates that taste receptors throughout the togue are capable of gatherig iformatio about all the major tastes. Q: Are t there four mai tastes sweet, sour, salty, ad bitter? A: Wester scietists have recetly accepted what was discovered by Japaese researcher Kikue Ikeda i 1907, that there is a fifth major taste called umami. This term, Japaese for savory or meaty, is the taste foud i meat, cheese, asparagus, ad other foods cotaiig a portio of protei called glutamate. Q: How are the seses of smell ad taste related? A: Smell ad taste are itertwied. Studets may have had a stuffy ose ad foud that flavors were harder to distiguish. This happes because our taste buds oly hadle the five tastes sweet, salty, sour, bitter, ad umami. The rest of flavor is comprised of scet molecules that stimulate the olfactory (smellig) erves i our ose. If we have a cold, the excess, thick mucus i the ose blocks these scet molecules from reachig the olfactory erves. Q: Do people who have lost the use of oe sese always have ehaced use of their other seses? A: This is a geeralizatio based o the fact that people who caot use a particular sese ofte rely more o their other, active seses. I a few cases that might make aother sese more acute, but it usually does ot. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 5

6 UNIT GUIDE Q: Which of the seses is the strogest memory trigger? A: Smell is geerally the sese that evokes the most itese memories. Odors do t typically help people recall more iformatio, but the memories that odors evoke ted to be more emotioally lade. This might be due i part to the fact that the area of the brai that processes smells (the primary olfactory cortex) liks directly to the area of the brai that experieces emotio (the amygdala) ad the area that cosolidates memories (the hippocampus). No other sese is so closely aatomically liked to the areas of the brai resposible for memory ad emotio. However, that does ot mea that the other seses ca t also produce powerful memories. Q: Ca deaf people read lips? A: Some ca ad others caot. Lip readig is a skill that must be leared ad practiced. Q: Is there such a thig as a sixth sese? A: Scietists have ot foud reliable, repeatable evidece of a sixth sese. Perhaps oe of your studets will oe day desig a experimet that ca prove or disprove the existece of a sixth sese. For ow, it remais a theory ofte depicted i fictio as reality. Q: Do phrases such as sese of woder, sese of humor, or sese of directio refer to actual seses? A: These phrases use the word sese i a differet cotext. The word sese ca refer to a awareess or a feelig. Q: Is it true that some people have oe or more sese that is very strog? A: While o huma is kow to be able to see through walls or have supersoic hearig, as depicted i comic books, there is wide variatio i sesory ability amog people. Q: Do males ad females experiece the seses differetly? A: Every perso experieces the seses a little differetly from everyoe else, which meas that sex-based differeces i the seses ca be difficult to test. However, because the gees for some seses are liked to the gees that determie sex, ad because some body processes such as hormoal balace ca affect how seses fuctio, there ca be some sex-based differeces i sesory receptivity. For istace, the majority of people who are red-gree color-blid are me because the gee for color blidess is liked to the X-chromosome (wome have a extra X-chromosome to correct for ay errors o the other). But i the geeral populatio, there is much more differece betwee idividuals i terms of sesory perceptio tha betwee the sexes. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 6

7 UNIT GUIDE Q: Do aimals have more acute seses tha humas? A: There are may cases i which this is true. Adaptatios have led to certai species developig oe or more powerful seses that icrease the likelihood that the species will survive. May predatory aimals, for example, have kee eyesight to fid prey, while may prey aimals have a strog sese of hearig to detect threats. Jupiterimages Corporatio EXTENSION ACTIVITIES Usig the Iteret Most search egies will yield may results whe the term seses or huma seses is etered. You ca also search for more iformatio o a specific huma sese, such as huma sese of smell. Be aware that some sites may ot be educatioal or iteded for the elemetary classroom. More specific iquiries are recommeded, such as: eyes ski ears flavors ose scets togue eyesight Below are some liks with excellet resources for studets ad/or teachers. Oracle has a ThikQuest site called Come to Your. It uses Mr. Potato Head as a lauchig poit to discuss each of the seses. The site has a scietific explaatio of the aatomy of each sesory receptor, icludig diagrams. The site also provides Sese-Satioal facts ad liks. The Southwest Educatioal Developmet Laboratory i Austi, Texas, offers a biligual lesso pla o the five seses. It icorporates trade books, art, creative writig, ad hads-o activities. For advaced explaatios of the three seses, visit the Howard Hughes Medical Istitute s website. Projects ad Activities Writig: Have studets write or dictate a story about a perso with oe very strog sese. Have them describe what this powerful sese eables the character to do. See for extesive writig lessos. Project: Ivite studets to create a seses board game. As playig pieces travel the board, studets should ecouter differet sesory experieces that move them forward or backward. These experieces ca be placed o playig cards or o the playig surface. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 7

8 UNIT GUIDE Project: Have studets compare what they sese i the classroom ad outdoors. This ca also be used as a home project i which studets compare what they see, hear, smell, taste, ad feel at home with what they sese at school. Literacy Coectio: Read the Idia leged Blid Me ad the Elephat to studets. Discuss how the characters all used the sese of touch to arrive at differet coclusios about the elephat. May good reditios are available olie, icludig Joh Godfrey Saxe s poetic versio. Arts: Have studets draw or pait a self-portrait ad label their sesory orgas. They ca also add seteces such as I see with my eyes. or I feel o my ski. Commuity Service: Discuss ay cocers studets have related to somethig they experiece with their seses at school. Examples may iclude dim lightig, bad smells from garbage, loud oise i the cafeteria, or cold temperatures i the library. Provide studets with opportuities to take part i a effort to make suggestios to the resposible party i order to brig about chage i this area. Drama: Discuss the special powers of superheroes from comic strips, cartoos, ad movies. Do some have extraordiary seses? Ivite small groups of studets to pla ad act out a scee i which a existig or ew superhero of their choice uses a sese to help someoe. Research: Help studets research the seses of a favorite aimal ad compare them to huma seses. Research/Home Coectio: Studets ca coduct research as a family/home project or i the library/ media ceter to exted the learig about a topic i oe of the Quick Reads or other uit resources. Learig A Z All rights reserved. 8