Scientific balloons. Fort Hays State University November 22, Paul Adams and Jack Maseberg

Transcription

1 Scientific balloons Fort Hays State University November 22, 2013 Paul Adams and Jack Maseberg (N8VRN) (K1AMO)

2 Things that fly Sky lanterns (~300 B.C.), 575 K = 575 F = 302 C Disney s Tangled (2010) theskylantern.com

3 Things that fly Sky lanterns (~300 B.C.), 575 K = 575 F = 302 C Disney s Tangled (2010) theskylantern.com

4 Things that fly Hot air balloons (1783) 393 K = 248 F = 120 C Early balloon designs (1818)

5 Photos by Jessie Irvin

6 Things that fly Gas balloons (1783, 10 days after the first manned hot air flight) hydrogen or helium Disney-Pixar's Up

7 Things that fly Hindenburg, 1937 hydrogen vs. helium

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9 National weather service Since the 1930 s the NWS has measured temperature, dewpoint, relative humidity, pressure, and wind velocity (using GPS tracking) with balloon based radiosondes 50 weather balloon launch points in US (in KS: Dodge City and Topeka) Launch 2 balloons per day at 0000 and 1200 UTC (6:00a.m. and 6:00 p.m. during normal time, 7:a.m. and 7:p.m. during daylight savings time in the summer) About 1% of radiosondes are returned NWS stations use 1400 g of H 2 to fill 1200 g Kaymont balloons

10 Federal Aviation Regulations Part 101 (FAR 101) (i) Carries a payload package that weighs more than four pounds and has a weight/size ratio of more than three ounces per square inch on any surface of the package, determined by dividing the total weight in ounces of the payload package by the area in square inches of its smallest surface; (ii) Carries a payload package that weighs more than six pounds; (iii) Carries a payload, of two or more packages, that weighs more than 12 pounds; or (iv) Uses a rope or other device for suspension of the payload that requires an impact force of more than 50 pounds to separate the suspended payload from the balloon.* * This applies only to the load line between the balloon and parachute. Impact force is undefined by the FAA, but should not be equated to the line s rated tensile strength; a 50 lb tensile line will break during launch. The intent of this limit is to ensure that the balloon detaches in the event of collision with an aircraft. EOSS uses 250 lb woven nylon kite line which did break at a knot during post-burst chaos on one flight lbs mass of 5.44 kg NOTAM (Notice to Airmen for HiBall) #

11 Why do balloons fly? Archimedes of Syracuse (212 B.C.) Isaac Newton (1687) Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid

12 Buoyancy Conditions for buoyancy: 1) A fluid must be present (air) 2) An object must be free to move in the fluid (balloon) 3) The object and fluid must be subject to a force (gravity) A. L. Lehman et. al., Am. J. Phys. 56, 1046 (1988).

13 Why do balloons fly?

14 Why do balloons fly?

15 Why do balloons fly?

16 Why do balloons fly?

17 F = ma

18 F = ma

19 NASA atmospheric data WR Us

20 Altitude Mount Everest Commercial Jet Our balloon ISS Radius of Earth Moon 8.8 km (5.5 mi, 29,000 ft) 10 km (6.5 mi, 33,000 ft) 26.7 km (16.6 mi, 87,600 ft) 370 km (230 mi) 6,380 km (3,960 mi) 384,000 km (239,000 mi)

21 Distance to Horizon h d R R

22 Balloon Records 1 st US transcontinental (& 1 st transatlantic) amateur radio HAB (Dec 11, 2011) California > Mediterranean Sea, 6,236 miles in 57 hours Near Space Project flight number CNSP-11 (call sign K6RPT-11, , two US navy men set manned altitude record at 113,740 feet (34,668 m) 1999, two men circumnavigated the globe non-stop in 20 days (Breitling Orbiter 3) Unmanned altitude record: km (170k ft or 32.2mi)

23 Balloon Motion Trajectory predictions:

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26 PHYSpedia What you need:

27 Hays, KS

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29 It s a bird. It s

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32 December 16, 2011, 2 miles north of exit 225 on I-70 Payload recovered 67 miles from launch point Max altitude ~88,000 ft. Fly time: ~120 min

33 July 20, 2012, 5 miles east of Cedar Bluff Reservoir Payload recovered 17 miles from launch point Max altitude ~75,000 ft. December 16, 2011, just north of exit 225 on I-70 Fly time: ~100 min

34 The Chase Visible burst APRS tracks

35 Data logging

36 Ascent rate: 980 ft/min Descent rate: 3500 ft/min 32 F to -80 F

37 Burst

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40 Magnetic field and gravitation Magnitude of measured B field: 520.3(1) mg Expected ~ 525 mg Average angle measured between B and vertical: 28.4 Expected 23.4 Sensor was un-calibrated!

41 Burst

42 Burst

43 Cosmic Ray Counts

44 UVA Intensity

45 Videos:

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47 Future Goals Cosmic rays Video streaming in real time Collect bacteria at high altitude Payload stabilization with wings and/or gyroscopes/co 2 cartridges Panoramic images, fish eye lens, etc.

48 Acknowledgments Special thanks to Paul Verhage Biology Department Sam Zwenger and Eric Gillok Naomi Kitzis and Lianne Zwenger Dr. Timothy Rolls