CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY

Transcription

1 CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY

2 There are hundreds of different types of viscometers: glass capillary, rotational, viscosity cup, falling ball, and many others. All viscometers should be checked periodically with a certified viscosity standard to ensure that the accuracy of the instrument is being maintained. CANNON certified viscosity standards provide kinematic viscosities (in cst or mm 2 /s) and viscosities (in cp or mpa s) at many temperatures, ranging from 55 C to 150 C. If a stock standard does not fulfill your requirements, a custom standard can be prepared. All CANNON viscosity standards, whether stock or custom, are traceable to the NIST (National Institute of s and Technology) and are prepared in CANNON s ISO 9001-registered and A2LA-accredited laboratory. Most viscosity standards supplied by CANNON are hydrocarbon oils. The lower viscosity standards consist of mineral oil base stocks, and the higher viscosity standards are polybutenes (except for N1000, which is a poly-alpha-olefin). In general, these standards are Newtonian liquids (that is, the viscosity is independent of the shear stress or shear rate). Some deviation from true Newtonian response may occur when measurements are made with high viscosity standards at high shear rates. Frequently the heat developed at high rates of shear can cause the standard to appear non-newtonian when in fact the viscosity has been lowered by viscous heating. In addition to hydrocarbon standards, CANNON offers silicone standards for calibrating rotational viscometers. Note: Silicone viscosity standards should NOT be used for other types of viscometers. Customers can use CANNON hydrocarbon standards for calibrating their own glass capillary viscometers if the specifications and procedures found in ASTM D 445 and ASTM D 446 are strictly followed. Instead of attempting to calibrate their own instruments for routine viscosity measurements, most laboratories find it less expensive and more convenient to purchase viscometers which have already been calibrated by CANNON. These viscometers can then be checked regularly in the laboratory using CANNON viscosity standards. CANNON has ISO 9001 registration for certification of viscosity standards and for calibration of glass capillary viscometers. If you need a standard at a temperature or viscosity not available in a stock standard, please call CANNON to discuss the blending of a custom standard to your temperature and viscosity specifications. Custom s from CANNON Over 70 different viscosity standards are listed in this bulletin. These standards satisfy most viscometer calibration needs and can usually be shipped immediately from stock. We highly recommend that these stock standards be used whenever possible, although we recognize that there are times when a custom standard may be needed. CANNON is prepared to furnish custom viscosity standards on special order. Because of the large number of factors involved, we must quote individually on each custom standard. To help us serve you better, when ordering custom standards please state the viscosity (or kinematic viscosity) range and temperatures required. If you also need the density, please state this when ordering. All CANNON standards, including custom standards, are traceable to NIST (National Institute of s and Technology). CANNON s ISO 9001 registration applies to both stock and custom standards. This means that custom standards are subjected to the same stringent quality controls as the stock standards listed in our catalog. Flash Point s CANNON Instrument Company can now provide Flash Point Reference Materials for calibrating Flash Point Testers. A total of six different standards are available for the following ASTM methods: ASTM D 56, ASTM D 92, and ASTM D 93. The data provided for each standard includes the average flash point for the lot and the standard deviation observed from 20 tests in 10 different laboratories. Nominal flash points for the various standards are shown in the accompanying table. The four standards with lower flash points are made from high purity alkane materials, while the two standards with higher flash points are made from narrow distributions of decane oligomers. Flash Point s are sold in 200 ml bottles (155 g). Flash Point s Table ASTM D 56 ASTM D 92 Nominal Nominal Flash Point Flash Point Product ID ( C) ( C) ASTM D 93 Nominal Flash Point ( C) 9727-A10 FPRM A15 FPRM A20 FPRM A25 FPRM A30 FPRM2D A35 FPRM4D Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com

3 Viscosities for all standards sold by CANNON are based on the National Institute of s and Technology (NIST) value of mpa s (centipoise) for water at 20 C (68 F). All standards are traceable to the NIST. CANNON has been granted ISO 9001 registration for the manufacture and certification of viscosity standards. Nominal or approximate values are listed in the following tables. Values for viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and density at the temperatures listed below are printed on the label. values at other temperatures in the range of 20 C to 100 C (68 F to 212 F) can be supplied for these standards at an additional charge. s are sold in 470 ml (1 pint) bottles. Bulk quantities are available on special order. We invite your inquiries. Table I Approximate Kinematic in mm 2 /s (Centistokes) Saybolt 20 C 68 F 25 C 77 F C 100 F 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F 60 C 140 F C 210 F 100 C 212 F SUS 100 F SUS 210 F SFS 122 F 9727-C10 N.4 (b) C15 N.8 (b) C20 N1.0 (b) C25 S3 (a) C30 S C32 N C35 S C37 N C40 S C42 N C45 S C47 N C50 S C52 N C55 S C57 N C60 S C62 N C65 S (a) Also 70 cst at 40 C ( 40 F). (b) Incurs additional shipping charges due to low flash point. Table II Approximate in mpa. s (Centipoise) 20 C 68 F 25 C 77 F C 100 F 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F 60 C 140 F C 210 F 100 C 212 F 9727-C10 N.4 (b) C15 N.8 (b) C20 N1.0 (b) C25 S C30 S C32 N C35 S C37 N C40 S C42 N C45 S C47 N C50 S C52 N C55 S C57 N C60 S C62 N C65 S Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com 3

4 High- s These standards are furnished in a range of viscosities and temperatures which are of particular interest in asphalt viscosity determinations and the determination of the viscosities of polymers. See ASTM D 2170 and D See Table III for approximate viscosities. Exact values are supplied with each standard. All data are traceable to the NIST. *Additional data provided with these standards are listed in Tables I and II. Low-Temperature s For Low Temperature Gear Oils (SAE 70W, 75W, 80W and 85W). Also for ATF fluids. See ASTM D For SAE Specification J300. For Cold-Cranking Simulator (CCS) (see ASTM D 5293) N42 is a set of eight CCS viscosity standards containing one pint of each of the following standards: CL14, CL19, CL22, CL25, CL28, CL32, CL48, and CL74. Table III High- s Approximate in mpa. s (cp) Kinematic mm 2 /s (cst) 20 C/ 68 F 25 C/ 77 F 40 C/ 104 F 60 C/ 140 F 135 C/ 275 F 60 C/ 140 F 135 C/ 275 F 9727-E10 N C52 N1000* E15 N C57 N4000* E20 N C62 N15000* E25 N E27 N E29 N E30 N E35 N E40 N E42 N SP Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) standard at 52, 58, 64, 70, & 76 C Table IV Low-Temperature s 9727-G10 N27B viscosities in centipoise at 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, 0 F 9727-G15 N115B viscosities in centipoise at 20, 15, 10, 0, 10, 20 F 9727-G25 N60B mpa. s (cp) at 55 C 9727-G30 N120B mpa. s (cp) at 40 C 9727-G35 N480B mpa. s (cp) at 26 C 9727-G40 N1400B mpa. s (cp) at 12 C 9727-G45 N2B Jet Fuel standard, 8 mm 2 /s (cst) at 20 C 9727-G50 N74B 3400 mpa. s (cp) at 0 C 9727-G55 N38B 3100 mpa. s (cp) at 10 C 9727-G60 N25B 8000 mpa. s (cp) at 25 C 9727-G65 N14B mpa. s (cp) at 40 C Table V Approximate in mpa. s (Centipoise) -5 C -10 C -15 C -20 C -25 C -30 C -35 C 9727-N06 CL N08 CL N10 CL N12 CL N14 CL N18 CL N22 CL N26 CL N30 CL N32 CL N34 CL N36 CL N38 CL N42 8CL Set of eight CCS viscosity standards For CANNON Mini-Rotary Viscometer (CMRV) (see ASTM D 3829 and ASTM D 4684). 4 Table VI Approximate in mpa. s (Centipoise) 9727-T10 N105B CMRV viscosity standard, mpa. s (cp) at 20 C 9727-T15 N400B CMRV viscosity standard, mpa. s (cp) at 25 C 9727-T20 YS-30 Exhibits yield stress of 70 Pa ±35 Pa at 30 C 9727-T25 YS-35 Exhibits yield stress of 70 Pa ±35 Pa at 35 C Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com

5 Kinematic viscosity mm 2 /s (cst) Table VII Certified Data at 25 C Zahn Cup Shell Cup Ford Cup Drain Drain Drain time, time, time, Size sec Size sec Size sec 9727-W10 C W12 C W15 C ½ W20 C ½ ½ W25 C ½ W30 C W35 C W40 C W45 C Table VIII Ranges of Cups Equations* where Kinematic viscosity Cup t = Time of flow, seconds Drain time seconds centistokes ν = kinematic viscosity, mm 2 /s min max min max Zahn Cups (See ASTM D 4212) 1 ν = 1.1 (t 29) ν = 3.5 (t 14) ν = 11.7 (t 7.5) ν = 14.8 (t 5) ν = 23t Shell Cups (See ASTM D 4212) 1 ν = (t 13) ν = (t 5) ½ ν = (t 3) ν = 1.51 (t 2) ½ ν = 2.17 (t 1.5) ν = 3.45 (t 1) ν = 6.5 (t 1) ν = 16.2 (t 0.5) Ford Cups (See ASTM D 1200) 1 ν = 0.49 (t 35.0) ν = 1.44 (t 18.0) ν = 2.31 (t 6.58) ν = 3.85 (t 4.49) ν = 12.1 (t 2.00) *While the equations in Table VIII are widely used, the equation ν = at- b/t is often more applicable, especially at low flow times and low kinematic viscosity. s for Zahn, Shell, & Ford Cups Approximate values are shown in Table VII. Exact values calculated from the equations in Table VIII are supplied with each standard. For more information on cups, contact Cannon Instrument Company. Equations for Zahn, Shell, & Ford Cups Equations for conversion of kinematic viscosity or viscosity into other viscometric units are given here. All data must be at 25 C. Note that the equations apply only between the minimum and maximum drain times shown Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com 5

6 High-Temperature s For High-Temperature High-Shear Viscometer measurements at 150 C and 10 6 s -1 shear rate. See ASTM D Table IX High-Temperature s 9727-U50 HT mpa s (cp) at 150 C 9727-U55 HT mpa s (cp) at 150 C 9727-U60 HT mpa s (cp) at 150 C 9727-U65 HT mpa s (cp) at 150 C 9727-U70 HT mpa s (cp) at 150 C 9727-U92 HTNN-1 Non-Newtonian standard, 3.6 mpa s (cp) at 150 C and 10 6 s U94 HTNN-2 Non-Newtonian standard, 3.1 mpa s (cp) at 150 C and 10 6 s -1 s for Thomas -Stormer Viscometer The KREBS UNIT (KU) is often used for the THOMAS-STORMER Viscometers. Table X Certified Data at 25 C (Centipoise) Krebs Unit (KU) 9727-Y10 S200(KU) Y15 N350(KU) Y20 K400(KU) Y25 S600(KU) Y30 N1000(KU) Important Information About CANNON s Most CANNON viscosity standards are hydrocarbon-based. This includes all of the standards on pages 3, 4, and 5 of this bulletin and the viscosity standards listed above. The lower viscosity hydrocarbon standards consist of mineral oil base stocks. The higher viscosity standards (S2000 and above) are polybutenes. For all practical purposes these standards are Newtonian liquids. In Newtonian liquids the ratio of shear stress to rate of shear is constant at constant temperature. Some deviation from true Newtonian response can be expected with the higher viscosity standards, especially when measurements are made at high rates of shear. Frequently the heat developed at high rates of shear can cause the standard to appear non-newtonian when, in fact, viscous heating has occurred. Only hydrocarbon-based standards should be used to calibrate glass capillary viscometers and metal cup viscometers. The silicone standards listed below are intended only for rotational viscometers. Silicone s for Rotational Viscometers CANNON silicone standards are intended for calibration of rotational viscometers, such as the 2020 Series Rotary Viscometers offered by CANNON. In addition to the viscosity at 25 C, the viscosities at 20, 23, 24, 26, and 27 C are provided. CANNON has been granted ISO 9001 registration for the manufacture and certification of viscosity standards, including the silicone standards listed below. Viscosities for all silicone standards sold by CANNON are based on the National Institute of s and Technology (NIST) value of mpa s (centipoise) for water at 20 C (68 F). All silicone standards are traceable to the NIST. Silicone standards are sold in 500 ml bottles. The listed silicone standards are intended for use with rotational viscometers only. Silicone standards are not recommended for glass capillary viscometers (including vacuum viscometers), metal cup-type viscometers (such as ISO, Zahn, Ford, Shell, and Fisher cups), or any other viscometers providing kinematic viscosity. CANNON hydrocarbon-based oil standards should be used for these types of viscometers. Approximate mpa s (Centipoise) 25 C (77 F) 9727-Z10 RT Z14 RT Z18 RT Z22 RT Z26 RT Z30 RT Z34 RT Z38 RT Z42 RT Z46 RT Z50 RT Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com

7 Customers frequently ask us to recommend suitable viscosity standards for their glass capillary viscometers. Our answer depends on four factors: 1) the type of viscometer, 2) the size of the viscometer, 3) the temperature at which the kinematic viscosity determination is to be done, and 4) the availability of a stock standard that will provide the desired viscosity at the specified temperature. The type and size of a Cannon glass capillary viscometer are easily determined. The size is permanently marked on the viscometer and the type can be identified from photographs in the Cannon catalog or from drawings in ASTM D 446. Once these two attributes are known, the viscosity range can be found by the use of tables printed in the Cannon catalog (or ASTM D 446). If the required temperature is one at which Cannon standards are normally tested, it is then a simple matter to select a viscosity standard within the proper viscosity range for the viscometer. For example, suppose the calibration for a size 200 Cannon-Fenske Routine viscometer is to be checked at 40 C. The viscosity range of this viscometer is 20 to 100 centistokes. Note: The lower and upper ranges of most glass capillary viscometers correspond to efflux times of 200 and 1000 seconds, respectively. The list of General Purpose s on page 3 of this brochure contains three standards falling within this range at 40 C: N35, S60, and N100. Any one of these standards may be selected, because each of them provides an efflux time greater than 200 seconds as required by ASTM D 445. The use of long efflux times, such as 500 to 1000 seconds, does not increase the precision or accuracy of the determination. Efflux times somewhat greater than 1000 seconds may be used without decreasing the accuracy of the measurement. If the desired temperature is not available in a stock Cannon standard, there are three alternatives: 1) Cannon can prepare a custom standard, 2) Cannon can measure the viscosity of an existing standard at an additional temperature, or 3) the viscometer can be checked at another temperature. It should be emphasized that the calibration of the great majority of glass capillary viscometers can be checked at a temperature for which a stock standard is available from Cannon. Suspended level viscometers (like Cannon-Ubbelohde, Ubbelohde, and Zeitfuchs Cross-Arm and Transparent types) possess the same viscometer constant at all temperatures. This allows them to be checked at any convenient temperature. The constants of vacuum viscometers are also unaffected by temperature changes, permitting Cannon-Manning, Asphalt Institute, and Modified Koppers vacuum viscometers to be checked at a lower temperature (important if high viscosity standards are required) even though they are used at a higher temperature. The largest sizes of vacuum viscometers must be checked at lower temperatures because no standards exist or can be made that are within their viscosity ranges at 60 C. If the viscometer constant changes with temperature as in the Cannon-Fenske Routine and Cannon-Fenske Opaque viscometers, the viscometer can be calibrated at one temperature and the calibration factors calculated for other temperatures. ASTM D 446 contains equations for these calculations. Cannon Tech Brief 101 (available on the CANNON website at demonstrates how such calculations are done. No loss of accuracy is incurred when constants are calculated in this manner. In fact, it is often more accurate to calibrate a Cannon-Fenske Routine viscometer at 40 C and calculate the constant at 100 C than to actually do the calibration at 100 C. Tech Brief 101 explains why. Call or write for your free copy. Measured & Nominal Viscosities The viscosity values listed in this bulletin are nominal values provided to give an indication of the viscosity of each standard at particular temperatures. One specific temperature is selected for which a target viscosity is set as a goal. For example, the S60 viscosity standard has a target kinematic viscosity of approximately 60 mm 2 /s (cst) at the target temperature of C. Cannon strives to ensure that the actual viscosity measured at the target temperature is close to the nominal viscosity published in the catalog. Viscosities measured at each of the other temperatures reported for the standard are dependent upon the viscosity-temperature relationship for the materials from which the standard is made. Variations in the base materials used to prepare the standard can cause significant differences between the nominal and actual viscosities at all but the target temperature. However, be assured that the actual viscosities reported on each label of a Cannon viscosity standard are accurate and the data traceable to NIST (National Institute of s and Technology). Buy Online All CANNON standards can now be purchased online at Browse our website and discover a host of new resources and links to valuable viscosity information Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com 7

8 Traditional cgs Unit : SI Metric Unit: Conversion Factors: poise (P) 1 centipoise (cp) = 0.01 poise pascal second (Pa s) 1 P = 0.1 Pa s 1Pa s=10p 1 cp = Pa s = 1 mpa s 1 Pa s = 1000 cp Kinematic Traditional cgs Unit: stokes (St) 1 centistokes (cst) = 0.01 stokes Metric Unit: square metres per second (m 2 /s) Conversion Factors: 1 St=1x10 4 m 2 /s 1m 2 /s = St 1cSt=1x10 6 m 2 /s=1mm 2 /s 1m 2 /s = cst in centipoise = kinematic viscosity in centistokes x density of fluid being measured, all measured at the same temperature. Saybolt (see also ASTM D 2161) v t v + [ ( v v v3 ) x 10 5] [ ] 122 F v SFS = v + ( v v+ 6816) ( v ) ] SUS = [ (t -100)] SFS = Calculating Kinematic at Various Temperatures -temperature chart equations (see ASTM D 341) can be used to interpolate kinematic viscosity-temperature data over a limited temperature range. loglogz=b 0 +b 1 log (t + 273) Z=ν exp ( ν 0.51 ν 2 ) ν = (Z 0.7) exp [ (Z 0.7) (Z 0.7) (Z + 0.7) 3 ] where: b 0,b1 = constants for each specific liquid t = temperature, C ν =kinematic viscosity, mm 2 /s (cst) Krebs Unit (for Thomas -Stormer Viscometer) The KREBS UNIT is often used for the THOMAS-STORMER Viscometer, and is defined by the following equations: Over the viscosity range of 200 to 2100 mpa s (cp): ln(ku) = ln(0.1938η + 36) [ln(0.1938η + 36)] 2 Over the viscosity range of 2100 to 5000 mpa s (cp): ln(ku) = ln(0.1938η + 36) [ln(0.1938η + 36)] 2 where: KU is the viscosity in Krebs Units at 25 C η is the viscosity in mpa s (cp) at 25 C CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY 2139 High Tech Road State College PA USA Fax cannon@cannoninstrument.com CANNON Instrument Company Bulletin 437 Printed in USA