Constructing Symmetrical Shapes
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1 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 62 1 Constructing Symmetrical Shapes 1 Construct 2-D shapes with one line of symmetry A line of symmetry may be horizontal or vertical 2 a) Use symmetry to complete the picture b) Describe the method you used Check for symmetry I used a grid to draw a congruent half on the other side of the line of symmetry I checked for congruence with a transparent mirror To complete a picture that has a line of symmetry, use one of these two ways Use a grid to draw a congruent half on the other side of the line of symmetry Find matching points by measuring the distance from several points on the given half to the line of symmetry Make sure distance is at right angles to line of symmetry Then join all new points to make a congruent half Check for symmetry by using one of these two ways Fold the completed picture along the line of symmetry to see if both halves match exactly Use a transparent mirror to check for congruence of both halves a) Use a different method from Question 1 to complete the picture b) Describe the method you used Check for symmetry and describe your method I chose several points on the given half For each point, I measured the distance to the line of symmetry, making sure distance was at right angles to the line of symmetry I measured the same distance from the line of symmetry to the other side and marked a point I repeated this for all other points Then I joined the new points to complete the picture I folded the picture to check for symmetry 62 Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson
2 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 63 2 Constructing Triangles Draw triangles with given side lengths and angle measures You will need a ruler and a protractor 1 Draw a triangle with side lengths of 3 cm and 6 cm The angle between these two sides is 75 You can draw a triangle if you know the measure of only one angle and one side two angles and one side without specifying where the side is two sides and one angle without specifying where the angle is There is only one solution if two side lengths and one angle are given, and the angle location is known 2 Draw two different triangles that each have one side length of 6 cm and angles of 125 and 25 3 Draw three different triangles that each have one side length of 5 cm and an angle of 60 Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry 63
3 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 64 3 Classifying Triangles by Angles Investigate angle measures in triangles You will need a protractor 1 40 B P 45 Y 80 A right-angled triangle has one right angle A right angle measures 90 A C R Q X Z a) Measure and label all the angles in the triangles b) Classify the triangles Give reasons for your answers Triangle ABC is obtuse-angled One angle is obtuse Triangle PQR is right-angled One angle is 90 Triangle XYZ is acute-angled All angles are acute An obtuse-angled triangle has one obtuse angle An obtuse angle measures greater than An acute-angled triangle has only acute angles An acute angle measures less than a) What type of triangle has an angle that measures 100 and an angle that measures 50? Give your reasons obtuse-angled triangle 100 is an obtuse angle b) What type of triangle has an angle that measures 60 and an angle that measures 90? Give your reasons right-angled triangle 90 is a right angle 64 Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson
4 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 65 4 Classifying Triangles by Side Lengths Investigate side lengths of triangles You will need a ruler 1 4 cm B 60 4 cm X An equilateral triangle has all sides of equal length 3 cm 5cm A cm C Q Z 4 cm Y An isosceles triangle has two sides of equal length 4cm 4cm P 7 cm a) Measure and label all the side lengths of the triangles R A scalene triangle has all sides of different length b) Classify the triangles according to their side lengths Give your reasons Triangle ABC is equilateral Triangle PQR is All side lengths are equal isosceles Triangle XYZ is Two side lengths are equal scalene All side lengths are different 2 Classify the triangles according to their angle measures and side lengths Example: Triangle KLM is an obtuse-angled scalene triangle a) Triangle ABC is an acute-angled equilateral triangle b) Triangle PQR is an obtuse-angled isosceles triangle c) Triangle XYZ is a right-angled scalene triangle Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry 65
5 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 66 5 Measuring Angles in Polygons Identify and classify regular polygons by their angle measures 1 Match these shapes with the angle clues below Name each shape 1 5 A regular polygon is a polygon with equal angle measures and equal side lengths a) 100, 100, 80, 80 b) 120, 120, 60, 60 c) 60, 60, 60 d) 90, 90, 90, 90 e) 30, 30, 150, trapezoid (shape 1) parallelogram (shape 8) equilateral triangle (shape 3) square (shape 4) parallelogram (shape 6) Regular polygons are identified by the number of sides The angle measure in a regular polygon increases as the number of sides increases For example: Each angle in a regular hexagon is greater than each angle in a square, because a hexagon has 6 sides while a square has only 4 sides 2 Write angle clues for the remaining polygons Match the shapes with your angle clues Name each shape Angle clue: 108, 108, 108, 108, 108 Shape: pentagon (shape 7) Angle clue: 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120 Shape: hexagon (shape 5) Angle clue: 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135, 135 Shape: octagon (shape 2) 3 Without measuring, predict the size of angle A Use what you know about the relationship between the number of sides and angle measures in a regular polygon Angle A will be less than 135 but greater than 120 A 66 Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson
6 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 67 6 Properties of Polygons Investigate properties of geometric shapes 1 Match the polygons with the property riddles below The properties of a shape are the features that describe it For example: The properties of a regular hexagon are 6 equal sides, 6 equal angles (all obtuse), 3 pairs of parallel sides, and 6 lines of symmetry Because no other shape shares all the same properties, a shape can be identified by its properties a) I have no parallel sides b) I have 3 pairs of parallel sides All my sides are equal in length All my sides are equal in length All my angles are equal All my angles are obtuse I have 5 lines of symmetry I have 6 lines of symmetry Who am I? Who am I? pentagon hexagon c) I have 2 pairs of parallel sides d) I have 2 pairs of parallel sides All my sides are equal in length My opposite sides are equal in length I have 2 pairs of equal angles All my angles are equal in size I have 2 lines of symmetry I have 2 lines of symmetry Who am I? Who am I? rhombus rectangle 2 Write property riddles for two of the remaining polygons Write about parallel sides, side lengths, angle measures, and lines of symmetry Name each polygon a) b) I have 4 pairs of parallel sides I have no parallel sides All my sides are equal in length All my angles are equal I have 8 lines of symmetry Who am I? octagon I have 2 sides that are equal in length Two of my angles are equal I have 1 line of symmetry Who am I? isosceles triangle Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry 67
7 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 68 7 Sorting Polygons Sort and classify polygons by sides, angles, and vertices 1 Use a Venn diagram to sort these shapes using two of the properties below number of sides number of angles number of vertices number of lines of symmetry parallel sides equal side lengths equal angles kinds of angles All angles equal At least 2 parallel sides Polygons can be sorted based on number of sides number of angles number of vertices number of lines of symmetry parallel sides equal side lengths equal angles kinds of angles In a polygon, the number of angles and the number of vertices are equal to the number of sides An irregular polygon is a polygon with different angle measures and different side lengths For example: A Venn diagram is a drawing with overlapping circles inside a rectangle This type of diagram is helpful when sorting shapes or numbers 2 Are there any shapes inside both circles? If so, what properties do these shapes have in common? (using suggested answer given) octagon, hexagon, square, and rectangle All these shapes have all angles equal and at least 2 parallel sides 3 Are there any shapes outside both circles? If so, why are they placed there? (using suggested answer given) isosceles triangle This shape has neither all angles equal nor at least 2 parallel sides 68 Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson
8 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 69 8 Communicate About Shapes Use math language to describe geometric ideas 1 To describe how to draw a picture made of polygons, remember to use the Communication Checklist a) Write directions for a friend to draw the picture shown The body of the car is made up of a trapezoid at the top The bottom part of the body of the car is a rectangle The true test of whether or not your directions are clear is if someone else can reproduce the picture exactly Communication Checklist Did you show the right amount of detail? Did you use math language? Did you include only necessary information? There are 2 windows in the top part of the car They are shaped like parallelograms There is 1 door handle below each window in the rectangular body of the car The door handles are rhombuses There is a roof rack shaped like a thin rectangle The rectangle rests on two small squares, which are on top of the body of the car There are 2 wheels, which are circles There are 3 triangles inside each wheel b) Use the Communication Checklist to identify the strengths of your directions List them I used math language for all the polygons I included all the details, but did not include unnecessary information such as colours, and exact measurements of lengths and angles 2 If possible, test your directions by having a Grade 6 student use them to draw the picture Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry 69
9 07-NEM5-WBAns-CH07 7/20/04 4:36 PM Page 70 Test Yourself Circle the correct answer A B C D E F G H I J K L 1 Which triangle has no lines of symmetry? A shape A B shape D C shape F D shape G 2 Which shape is a regular polygon? A shape B B shape C C shape K D shape E 3 Which shape has no parallel sides? A shape J B shape L C shape H D shape I 4 Which shape has 2 pairs of equal angles? A shape L B shape D C shape H D shape K 5 Which shape has no obtuse angles? A shape A B shape K C shape L D shape E 6 Which shape is a right-angled isosceles triangle? A shape B B shape F C shape E D shape D 7 Which shape has only acute angles? A shape L B shape H C shape C D shape K 8 Which shape is a scalene triangle? A shape G B shape A C shape D D shape F 9 Which shape is an irregular polygon? A shape L B shape H C shape J D shape I 10 Which shape is symmetrical? A shape B B shape L C shape C D shape D 70 Answers Chapter 7: 2-D Geometry Copyright 2005 by Thomson Nelson
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