2. Describe the Ring of Fire and its affect on the physical geography of the surrounding countries.

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1 NAME DATE PERIOD WORLD GEOGRAPHY ~ FALL SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW 1. What is the outer layer of the earth is called? 2. Describe the Ring of Fire and its affect on the physical geography of the surrounding countries. 3. The system of government that divides power between a national government and a state government is called a. 4. What is the most unifying aspect of culture? 5. What specific point in the United States marks the place at which rivers flow either to the Atlantic Ocean or to the Pacific Ocean? 6. Describe NAFTA. 7. Describe the earth s rotation? Describe the earth s revolution? 8. Between which major latitude l are the: High Latitudes Mid Latitudes Low Latitudes 9. Describe what windward and leeward are. 10. Latin America make up what percent of the world s population? 11. What line divides the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere? What line divides the earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere? 12. What is Absolute Location? What is Relative Location? 13. Describe Human-environment interaction 14. Describe the three different types of regions and give one example: - Formal Region - Functional Region - Perceptual Region 15. What is Physical Geography? What is Human Geography? 16. What are some of the use of geography? 17. Describe what would happen (culturally) if a group of migrants enter a long-established society. 18. True or False Earth s water moves around the earth, but maintains a consistent total amount.

2 19. What is Pangaea? Cracks in the earth s crust are called. 21. Physical weathering takes place when. Chemical weathering takes place when. 22. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? 23. What is the difference between The Green House Effect and Global Warming??? 24. What two things does the tilt of the earth create/cause? 25. What are prevailing winds? 26. The earth rotates on its axis one time each. 27. Get out your LACEMOP Notes. What does the acronym stand for??? L - A - C - E - M - O - P What causes day and night? 29. What is an embargo? Why is it used??? 30. What is a tariff? Why is it used??? 31. Define the following terms: Urban - Rural - Suburban - Metropolitan area - Is an urban area densely populated or sparsely populated? Is an rural area densely populated or sparsely populated? 32. How do cultures create a social system? 33. Describe the Agricultural Revolution and its greatest impacts. Describe the Industrial Revolution and its greatest impacts.

3 3 Describe the Information Revolution and its greatest impacts. 34. Describe a Unitary System of government. Describe a Federal System of government. Describe a Confederal System (confederacy) of government. 35. What is Negative Population growth? Why does it typically happen? Does it typically happen in an MDC or LDC? 36. What is a culture hearth? 37. Why must countries must trade with each other? 38. What is a command economy? What is a market economy? 39. What is the difference between an absolute monarch and a military dictator? 40. Culture is defined by what 5 main things? 41. What are some of the factors that change cultures? 42. An ethnic group is made up of people share a common. 43. Climate regions vary with changes in and. 44. Why does the population of North America continue to grow? 45. Near what type of physical features do the majority of people live near? 46. What is a dominion? What country in North America is a dominion? 47. What is a Loyalist? 48. Describe how Canada and the United States differ in their: - population density - climate - government healthcare programs 49. All people of the United States and Canada or their descendants are. 50. After 1776 the American colonies ruled themselves under what type of government? 51. What things contributed to the Industrialization of the United States? 52. Which nation sold to the United States the largest tract of land west of the Mississippi?

4 What is this called? In what year did this happen?? The Declaration of Independence was written in what year? 54. NAFTA stands for? Which countries does it include? 55. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy were both assassinated in what year? 56. Are Americans and Latin Americans are close trading partners? 57. Do both Latin America and the United States share democratic values based on human rights and revolt from European rule? 58. Are the only rainforests in Latin America located in Brazil? 59. What aspects of Latin American culture has had influences in life in the United States? 60. What 3smaller regions make up Latin America? 61. The Amazon Rainforest is home to nearly % of the entire world s plant and animal species. 62. The world s largest deposit of high-quality iron ore is in which Latin American country? 63. What is a vaquero? In which country can they mostly be found? 64. For more than 300 years which country controlled most of Latin America? 65. On what are Latin American countries economies are still largely based? 66. The main religion of Latin America is. 67. Which country first attempted construction of the Panama Canal, but failed? 68. Which U.S. President was most involved in the building of the Panama Canal? 69. The men who worked on the Panama Canal for two years or more were given a medal. The medal was made from. 70. Why was the opening of the canal NOT front-page news? 71. When did the United States returned the Panama Canal to Panama? 72. What is Tierra del Fuego? What two countries claim a portion of Tierra del Fuego? 73. When did most Latin American countries gain their independence? 74. Who is Diego Rivera?

5 75. Africans first came to Latin America as. 76. Why do some Latin America countries need debt relief? 77. Why don t most Latin Americans own personal computers? 78. What are the negative effects of slash-and-burn farming? 79. What are the main reasons the Amazon is being cut down? 80. What are some major challenges facing Latin America today? 81. Have service industries, such as banking, communications, or retail sales increased or decreased in Latin America during recent decades? 82. What have many countries in Latin America done to finance industrial development? 83. Describe the pollution problem in Mexico City? 84. Which three countries still have territories in Latin America today? 85. In Latin America, what forms important commercial highways, linking inland and coastal areas? 86. Who are the Zapatistas? 87. What is a trade deficit? 88. What is a trade surplus? 89. Define the following Acculturation - Diffusion - Enculturation - Socialization Which native American group lived mostly in the Peruvian Highlands? 91. Which native American group lived mostly in the Central Mexico? 92. Which native American group lived mostly in the Yucatan Peninsula? 5 Define the following: 93. Carnival 94. Machismo 95. Caudillos 96. Mosaics 97. Murals 98. Patois 99. Syncretism 100. Quipu

6 Units 4 - Europe 101. List the continents in order from largest to smallest 102. Describe how the mountains of northwestern Europe affect climate Which climate type is most common in southern Europe? 104. How does the Netherlands protect its lowland areas? 105. True or False - Air currents from the Atlantic reach Eastern Europe. True or False - Air currents from the Atlantic keep temperatures more mild in Eastern Europe. True or False - Air currents from the Atlantic are cooled by the Gulf Stream The Pyrenees Mountains separate the Peninsula from the rest of Europe The British Isles include which two islands Iceland is known as the land of and Which strait separates the Iberian Peninsula from Africa Where is permafrost is found in Europe? 111. Dry winds called often cause avalanches in Europe is an active volcano on the Apennine Peninsula Jagged coastlines with fjords are characteristic of which part of Scandinavia? (north, south, east, or west?) 114. Above the, ONLY shrubs, grasses, and lichens will grow European populations tend to be clustered in regions with fertile and inland Approximately how many ethnic groups live in Europe today? 117. In the 1990s, the Serbs expelled rival ethnic groups from and began a genocide against their people What is the name given to the European Age of exploration and artistic achievement? 119. Beginning in the late 1700s, the Revolution transformed Europe into a land of cities The islands once formed city states that were united by a common language, culture, and democratic government A system in which monarchs or lords gave land to nobles in return for pledges of loyalty was known as What organization currently unites much of Europe? 123. Since the 1970s, European governments have tried to limit of guest workers & are ancient civilizations that shaped modern European culture Many European countries have more social programs than does the United States In the 1990s, some of the worst fighting since World War II has occurred in the Balkan Peninsula that had before been united as one country called Europe s cities combine modern shopping malls with About how many people live in Europe today? 129. The Good Friday Peace Agreement introduced the sharing of power in which part of the UK? 130. Constantinople was the capital of the eastern Roman Empire, which historians later renamed the Empire Describe the Cold War Currently, the European Union is made up of mostly western European nations. Does it eventually plans to include more eastern European nations? 133. Describe acid rain s effect on about 80% of Poland s forests? 6

7 Why does the European Union require its members to limit and clean up environmental pollution? 135. The Maastricht Treaty was an agreement among which nations? 136. Since the fall of, some eastern Europeans have had difficulty adapting to a free market system On which type of farms are foods are raised without chemical fertilizers and pesticides? 138. State farms in communist Europe were run by the In which 4 main fields do Europeans work today? 140. Which part of Europe has advanced communications and transportation systems? (northern, southern, eastern, or western) 141. Describe Global warming? 142. Which seas and rivers are of environmental concern to Europeans? 143. Rapid industrialization in the 1950s-1960s led to in eastern Europe in the Mediterranean Sea is caused by tourists, industrial dumping, and inadequate ocean currents What is the purpose of the European Union? 146. What have Eastern Europeans lost since the fall of communism? 147. What do many European consumers believe about genetically engineered foods? 148. Why is the European Union concerned about pollution? 149. Europe s economic base has moved from industry to industry More Europeans make their living from than from any other activity To make necessary changes, Eastern Europe seeks and from Western Europe and the rest of the world. Unit 5 - Russia 152. True or False - Fishing is important to the economy of Russia despite polluted waterways How many volcanoes does The Kamchatka Peninsula have? 154. The Amur River forms part of the border between Russia and China The Volga River connects Moscow with which body of water? 156. Russia has huge reserves of resources Describe the average annual temperature of the tundra climate region What is the Black Earth Belt in Russia? 159. Which climate dominates Russia? 160. About three quarters of the Russian people live on what physical feature? 161. Russian coasts lie along which 5 bodies of water? 162. When attacking Russia in 1941, Germany expected a quick victory but was defeated in part by The chernozem soil in the steppe region is losing some of its fertility because of Russia has very few ocean ports that are free from How many time zones does Russia have? 166. Russia is so cold that cars must be made of a special steel that will not crack The rivers in Siberia tend to flow north and are warmer at the source than at the mouth Russia s taiga is the world s largest terrestrial biome that is made up of what type of trees? 169. The Volga-Don canal connects Moscow to which two seas? 170. Russia s historical roots date back to what time period? 171. What is the second-largest religion in Russia today? 172. During the late 1700s, the Russian nobility spoke and adopted other western European ways The uneven distribution of population in Russia is due to.

8 As believers in communism, Bolsheviks wanted a new society led by The Russian Revolution in 1917 established a government, but the revolution continued After the fall of the Soviet Union, conflicts and movements threatened stability Ethnic Russians are part of a larger group called Where do about 75% of Russians live? 179. The ideas of are the basis for communism After the Soviet breakup, many people returned to religious practice Moscow was settled after the Mongols overran and forced the to leave Russia depends primarily upon and for transportation Russia s air, water, and soil were damaged by Soviet disregard for the effects of industrialization Most workers cannot afford to pay for goods on the high-priced black market Which lake holds one-fifth of the world s freshwater? 186. Under the Soviet system, the government controlled all forms of communication Why is public transportation important in Russia? 188. What two things have damaged Russian farmlands? 189. Within Russia, are the primary means of transporting crude oil and natural gas Russia s major trading partners include the European Union, and which other two main countries? 191. The Valley is a center of Russian major manufacturing and industry In which region in Russia are roads often impassable during the winter? 193. In an attempt to manage its forests more effectively, what three things has Russia done? 194. Items that are offered for sale are called the supply in a market economy The Soviet government made a priority Without controls during the 1990s, what happened to Russian prices of most goods? 197. The black market in Russia is expanded upon Gorbachev s plan toward a market economy What is the Trans-Siberian Railroad? 200. Why is the Trans-Siberian Railroad important?