Chapter 20. Magnetic Induction Changing Magnetic Fields yield Changing Electric Fields
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1 Chapter 20 Magnetic Induction Changing Magnetic Fields yield Changing Electric Fields
2 Introduction The motion of a magnet can induce current in practical ways. If a credit card has a magnet strip on its back, swiping the card can generate tiny currents that send information to cash registers. A coil of wire and magnets set into motion around each other will generate currents in the wire. A source of mechanical energy can drive the rotation and make a waterfall into an electrical power station.
3 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE 20-1 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
4 Lenz s law Similar to Newton s third law action and reaction Lenz s law A changing magnetic field in a wire will induce a current to flow in the wire which will generate a current in the wire which will generate a magnetic field THAT OPPOSES the CHANGE in the original magnetic field
5 Lenz s Law The direction of any magnetic induction effect is such as to oppose the cause of the effect.
6 Faraday s Law A changing MAGNETIC FLUX will generate a voltage (EMF electromotive force) Faraday 1831, Joseph Henry 1832 EMF (voltage, potential) = -d B /dt = - (time rate of change of magnetic flux) Left Faraday s disk rotating a metal disk in a stationary magnetic field yields a DC current.
7 Changing Magnetic Flux Indices Current Flow
8 Rotating Magnet = Changing Flux
9 The Faraday Disk dynamo Solid metal disk in a static B field What breaks the symmetry in this problem = rotation Eddy Current = electronic brakes
10 With N turns of wire and B in each turn then the EMF is N times larger in total basis for step up and step down transformers Upper Faradays toroidal transformer (iron ring) experiment showing chaning B field generated changing voltage Left Faraday s induction between a DC electromagnet and a solenoidal coil. In this case a moving magnetic field from electromagnet yielded a current in the coil (solenoid) windings.
11 Q29.1 A circular loop of wire is in a region of spatially uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the figure. If the magnetic field magnitude is constant, A. the induced emf in the loop is clockwise. B. the induced emf in the loop is counterclockwise. C. the induced emf in the loop is zero. D. Either A. or B. is possible. E. Any of A., B., or C. is possible.
12 A29.1 A circular loop of wire is in a region of spatially uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the figure. If the magnetic field magnitude is constant, A. the induced emf in the loop is clockwise. B. the induced emf in the loop is counterclockwise. C. the induced emf in the loop is zero. D. Either A. or B. is possible. E. Any of A., B., or C. is possible.
13 Q29.2 A circular loop of wire is in a region of spatially uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the figure. If the magnetic field magnitude is decreasing, A. the induced emf in the loop is clockwise. B. the induced emf in the loop is counterclockwise. C. the induced emf in the loop is zero. D. Either A. or B. is possible. E. Any of A., B., or C. is possible.
14 A29.2 A circular loop of wire is in a region of spatially uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the figure. If the magnetic field magnitude is decreasing, A. the induced emf in the loop is clockwise. B. the induced emf in the loop is counterclockwise. C. the induced emf in the loop is zero. D. Either A. or B. is possible. E. Any of A., B., or C. is possible.
15 Q29.3 A circular loop of copper wire is placed next to a long straight wire. The current I in the long straight wire is increasing. What current does this induce in the circular loop? A. a clockwise current Loop of copper wire B. a counterclockwise current C. zero current D. Either A. or B. is possible. E. Any of A., B., or C. is possible.
16 A29.3 A circular loop of copper wire is placed next to a long straight wire. The current I in the long straight wire is increasing. What current does this induce in the circular loop? A. a clockwise current Loop of copper wire B. a counterclockwise current C. zero current D. Either A. or B. is possible. E. Any of A., B., or C. is possible.
17 Q29.4 A circular loop of wood is placed next to a long straight wire. The resistivity of wood is about times greater than that of copper. The current I in the long straight wire is increasing. Compared to the emf that Loop of wood would be induced if the loop were made of copper, the emf induced in the loop of wood is A. about as great. B. about as great. C. about 10 5 as great. D. the same. E. greater.
18 A29.4 A circular loop of wood is placed next to a long straight wire. The resistivity of wood is about times greater than that of copper. The current I in the long straight wire is increasing. Compared to the emf that Loop of wood would be induced if the loop were made of copper, the emf induced in the loop of wood is A. about as great. B. about as great. C. about 10 5 as great. D. the same. E. greater.
19 Induced current Joseph Henry worked in the United States and Michael Faraday worked in England to discern the details of current generated in wire and permanent magnets in motion relative to each other.
20 Knowing the magnetic flux Regardless of what moves, knowing the magnetic flux around a conducting entity will allow determination of current induced.
21 EMF and the current induced in a loop A changing magnetic field induces an electric field here the electric field is changing as well
22 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE 20-2_2 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
23 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE 20-2 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
24 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE 20-3_2 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
25 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE 20-3 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
26 CHAPTER 20: 20-1 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
27 Finding the direction of an induced emf Induced EMF will produce current to create a magnetic field to OPPOSE the CHANGE in the original magnetic field
28 CHAPTER 20: 20-2_2 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
29 CHAPTER 20: 20-5 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
30 Faraday s Law
31 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE 20-9 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
32 CHAPTER 20: 20-6_2 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
33 CHAPTER 20: 20-6 COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
34 CHAPTER 20: FIGURE COLLEGE PHYSICS FREEDMAN RUSKELL KESTEN TAUCK 2014 W. H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY
35 Generator example A changing magnetic flux is actually what induces a changing electric field. Magnetic flux change is the field changes or if the direction changes
36 Generator example II In a sense a DC generator is a motor run in reverse Back EMF in a motor. Motor back EMF ultimately limits the motor speed Back EMF reduces voltage available to drive the motor Hence the motor current is less with speed torque drops
37 Generator example III A linear motor is similar to a rotary motor but is linear A rail gun is an example
38 Q29.8 The rectangular loop of wire is being moved to the right at constant velocity. A constant current I flows in the long wire in the direction shown. What are the directions of the magnetic forces on the left-hand (L) and right-hand (R) sides of the loop? A. L: to the left; R: to the left B. L: to the left; R: to the right C. L: to the right; R: to the left D. L: to the right; R: to the right E. none of the above
39 A29.8 The rectangular loop of wire is being moved to the right at constant velocity. A constant current I flows in the long wire in the direction shown. What are the directions of the magnetic forces on the left-hand (L) and right-hand (R) sides of the loop? To oppose decreasing flux (moving further away) current must flow to increase flux (opposes decrease) current flow in clockwise direction B since parallel currents attract and opposite currents attract A. L: to the left; R: to the left B. L: to the left; R: to the right C. L: to the right; R: to the left D. L: to the right; R: to the right E. none of the above
40 Work and power in a slidewire generator A linear motor run backwards is a generator
41 A conducting rod moving in a uniform magnetic field The rod, velocity, and current are mutually perpendicular
42 Induced electric fields I The windings of a long solenoid carrying a current I
43 Induced electric fields II Practical examples of induction It is in your everyday life Hard disks read and write Motors in electric cars and hybrids regenerative breaking Ignition in gas engines
44 Breaking up magnetic core into laminations reduces Eddy current losses
45 Small motor armature winding Note laminated metal core to reduce eddy currents
46 Metal detection Airport and music store Eddy current braking Eddy currents
47 Q29.9 The drawing shows the uniform magnetic field inside a long, straight solenoid. The field is directed into the plane of the drawing and is increasing. What is the direction of the electric force on a positive point charge placed at point a? A. to the left B. to the right C. straight up D. straight down E. misleading question the electric force at this point is zero
48 A29.9 The drawing shows the uniform magnetic field inside a long, straight solenoid. The field is directed into the plane of the drawing and is increasing. What is the direction of the electric force on a positive point charge placed at point a? (it must produce a current that produces a B field that opposes the change of the original changing flux) imagine a wire loop with radius r A. to the left B. to the right C. straight up D. straight down E. misleading question the electric force at this point is zero
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